[外语类试卷]北京大学考博英语模拟试卷16及答案与解析.doc

1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 I dont mind_the decision as long as it is not too late. （ A） you delay to make （ B） your delaying to make （ C） you to delay making （ D） your delaying making 2 The speed of communications today, as opposed to_, has greatly altered the manner in whic

2、h business is conducted. （ A） one of yesterday （ B） those of yesterday （ C） that of yesterday （ D） the ones of yesterday 3 They lost their way in the forest, and_made matters worse was that night began to fall. （ A） it （ B） that （ C） which （ D） what 4 There is a real possibility that these animals c

3、ould be frightened,_a sudden loud noise. （ A） there being （ B） was there （ C） should there be （ D） there having been 5 I tried to relax because I knew I would use up my oxygen sooner_. （ A） the more excited I got （ B） and more I got excited （ C） I got more excited （ D） and I got more excited 6 It is

4、 better to die on ones feet than_ones knees. （ A） on （ B） live on （ C） living on （ D） to live on 7 Our modern civilization must not be thought of as_overnight. （ A） being created （ B） having created （ C） to be created （ D） to have been created 8 Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equa

5、l in price to, if not more expensive than,_at the other store. （ A） any other （ B） the others （ C） the ones （ D） that 9 The worlds greatest sporting event, the Olympic Games, upholds the amateur ideal that_matters is not winning but participating. （ A） anything （ B） it （ C） which （ D） what 10 The st

6、udents expected there_more reviewing classes before the final exams. （ A） is （ B） being （ C） to be （ D） have 11 Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was_. （ A） torrent （ B） transient （ C） tensile （ D） textured 12 Nobody knew how he came up with this_idea about the

7、 trip. （ A） weary （ B） twilight （ C） unanimous （ D） weird 13 The flower under the sun would_quickly without any protection. （ A） ink （ B） withhold （ C） wither （ D） widower 14 The_of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance. （ A） segregatio

8、n （ B） specification （ C） spectrum （ D） subscription 15 He_himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. （ A） repealed （ B） resented （ C） relayed （ D） reproached 16 Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a_event. （ A） cholesterol （ B） charcoal （ C）

9、 catastrophic （ D） chronic 17 He cut the string and held up the two_to tie the box. （ A） segments （ B） sediments （ C） seizures （ D） secretes 18 All the music instruments in the orchestra will be_before it starts. （ A） civilized （ B） chattered （ C） chambered （ D） chorded 19 When the air in a certain

10、space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be_. （ A） commenced （ B） compressed （ C） compromised （ D） compensated 20 She made two copies of this poem and posted them_to different publishers. （ A） sensationally （ B） simultaneously （ C） strenuously （ D） simply 二、 Reading Comprehens

11、ion 20 Even today,when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans,there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere,and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfam

12、iliarity. Basically, the essence of our reaction to the strange,the unfamiliar,is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse unease-whether it be some remote Alpine valley,the wild lavender fields of Upper Province,or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience

13、 West Africa contains more weird and eerie regions-rain-forest,mangrove swamp,parched plains of red earth-than any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unse

14、en-evil Spirits which live in a particular tree or a particular rock,a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches,the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was convinced that the witches of the east were out to

15、 get him,or that he was about to be kidnapped and eaten. During four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger delta, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky,I,too,have experienced a sense of fear,or at least a sense of awe. E

16、xcept for the ticking of the little outboard engine the silence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove,seeming,with their awkward exposed roots,to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangroves-vis

17、tas secret, interminable and somehow meaningless. There was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird. I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny,which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps(slithery with slime and which had managed to

18、 detach themselves from the landing-stage so that you had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land),I found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone. 21 There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa_. （ A） This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliari

19、ty of West Africa. （ B） This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger. （ C） This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa. （ D） This fact has been greatly overemphasized. 22 A lot of old African religion has to do with_. （ A） kidnapping people （ B） keeping the spirits awake （ C） huma

20、n sacrifice （ D） keeping the spirits happy 23 The author was kept awake by_. （ A） a ghost （ B） his friend （ C） the witches （ D） eerie feelings 24 “Mangrove“means_. （ A） a sort of bird （ B） a sort of man （ C） a sort of tree （ D） a sort of animal 24 I have observed that the Americans show a less decid

21、ed taste for general ideas than the French.This is especially true in politics. Although the Americans infuse into their legislation far more general ideas than the English,and although they strive more than the latter to adjust the practice of affairs to theory,no political bodies in the United Sta

22、tes have ever shown so much love for general ideas as the Constituent Assembly and the Convention in France.At no time has the American people laid hold on ideas of this kind with the passionate energy of the French people in the eighteenth century,or displayed the same blind confidence in the value

23、 and absolute truth of any theory. This difference between the Americans and the French originates in several causes,but principally in the following one.The Americans are a democratic people who have always directed public affairs them-selves.The French are a democratic people who for a long time c

24、ould only speculate on the best manner of conducting them.The social condition of the French led them to conceive very general ideas on the subject of government, while their political constitution prevented them from correcting those ideas by experiment and from gradually detecting their insufficie

25、ncy;whereas in America the two things constantly balance and correct each other. It may seem at first sight that this is very much opposed to what I have said before,that democratic nations derive their love of theory from the very excitement of their active life.A more attentive-examination will sh

26、ow that there is nothing contradictory in the proposition. Men living in democratic countries eagerly lay hold of general ideas because they have but little leisure and because these ideas spare them the trouble of studying particulars.This is true,but it is only to be understood of those matters wh

27、ich are not the necessary and habitual subjects of their thoughts.Mer-cantile men will take up very eagerly,and without any close scrutiny,all the general ideas on philosophy, politics,science,or the arts which may be presented to them;but for such as relate to commerce,they will not receive them wi

28、thout inquiry or adopt them without reserve.The same thing applies to statesman with regard to general ideas in politics. If,then,there is a subject upon which a democratic people is peculiarly liable to abandon itself,blindly and extravagantly,to general ideas,the best corrective that can be used w

29、ill be to make that subject a part of their daily practical occupation.They will then be compelled to enter into details,and the details will teach them the weak points of the theory This remedy may frequently be a painful one, but its effect is certain. Thus it happens that the democratic instituti

30、ons which compel every citizen to take a practical part in the government moderate that excessive taste for general theories in polities which the principle of equality suggests. 25 According to the writer,what kinds of ideas have been favored by the French people? （ A） Political ideas that can be a

31、djusted to the practice of government （ B） Concrete ideas that they believe to be truthful （ C） General ideas in political affairs （ D） Eighteenth century ideas 26 What does the writer think would inhibit peoples preference for general ideas? （ A） Teaching them the weak points of the theory （ B） Enc

32、ouraging them to take a practical part in democratic institutions （ C） Trying to make them abandon those ideas （ D） Compelling them to study details 27 The writers conclusion is that_. （ A） the principle of equality must be paramount （ B） general theories in politics should be the most important par

33、t of democracy （ C） citizens should be forced to take part in democratic institutions （ D） peoples taste for general ideas can be diminished through taking part in democratic institutions 27 Tens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement com

34、munities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major

35、 real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran McCarthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip? “ The trickle of older folks returning to

36、the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, N

37、ew Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging social isolation In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For a

38、ffluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option. 28 Retired seniors are moving back into the city because_. （ A） they find there are too many crimes in the suburbs （ B） unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climb （ C） they are no longer interested in playing

39、golf （ D） in the city, they have more social and cultural life against loneliness 29 From the passage we can infer that_. （ A） the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retirees （ B） a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of those retiree

40、s who moved back into the city are very well-off （ C） with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautiful （ D） very soon the American suburban are as will face their low population crisis 30 Fran McCarthys question means: nobody ever thought that_. （ A） people who

41、 moved out of the city decades ago now would move back （ B） suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take round trip （ C） suburban flight years ago would go in circles （ D） senior peoples moving back into the city would take place all over the United States 30 Read the following passage

42、 carefully and then explain In your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.(15%) Dealing with Depression 【 P1】 Contrarv to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recogni

43、ze and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment. “Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression,“ Bruce said. “But more often in older people its anhedonia theyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky.“【 P2】 She added:“Many older people despair over the quality o

44、f their lives at the end of life. If thev have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.“ Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously wh.en an older person says “Life is not worth living,“ “I dont see any

45、point in living,“ “Id be better off dead“ or “My family would be better off if I died,“ the experts emphasized. “Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment,“ Brown urged.【 P3】 He warned that “depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms“ than

46、younger adults who are depressed. The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place.【 P4】Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that “dive them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.“ He suggested “

47、social activities of any type-joining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging out at the coffee shop.“ Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum. 【 P5】

48、 Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their problems. 31 【 P1】 32 【 P2】 33 【 P3】 34 【 P4】 35 【 P5】 三、 Cloze 35 Dad Cant Handle These Toys Any parent with a child【 C1】 _the

49、 ages of 3 and 11 can tell you【 C2】_technology has crept into nearly【 C3】 _aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a【 C4】_in point. “Its the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise,“ says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has【 C5】 _unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5,【 C6】 _Animal Scramble, which is due【 C7】_stores in