[外语类试卷]北京大学考博英语模拟试卷21及答案与解析.doc

1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and_him of speeding. （ A） charged （ B） accused （ C） blamed （ D） deprived 2 Mr. Smith gradually_a knowledge of the subject. （ A） attained （ B） achieved （ C） required （ D） acquired 3 This is the_pian

2、o on which the composer created some of his greatest works. （ A） actual （ B） genuine （ C） real （ D） original 4 My camera can be_to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. （ A） treated （ B） adopted （ C） adjusted （ D） remedied 5 According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the_

3、of maturity. （ A） fulfillment （ B） achievement （ C） establishment （ D） accomplishment 6 The number of tickets_will be determined by the size of the stadium. （ A） adaptable （ B） acceptable （ C） advisable （ D） available 7 Too many hotels have been built and this has_prices, making holidays cheaper. （

4、A） cut short （ B） cut out （ C） cut off （ D） cut down 8 He is a very honest official and never_any gifts from the people who sought his help. （ A） accepted （ B） received （ C） took up （ D） excepted 9 He was not_to the club because he wasnt a member. （ A） allowed （ B） admitted （ C） permitted （ D） appro

5、ved 10 Although he doesnt like that law, he will_with it. （ A） confine （ B） conform （ C） comply （ D） contend 11 Motorists_of speeding may be banned from driving for a year. （ A） convicted （ B） arrested （ C） charged （ D） judged 12 The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has

6、 a_attitude. （ A） changeable （ B） alternate （ C） movable （ D） flexible 13 Will all those_the proposal raise their hands? （ A） in relation to （ B） in excess of （ C） in contrast to （ D） in favor of 14 We are interested in the weather because it_us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we

7、feel. （ A） benefits （ B） guides （ C） affects （ D） effects 15 I can meet you at eight oclock; _you can call for me. （ A） incidentally （ B） actually （ C） alternatively （ D） accordingly 16 He has the_of an athlete; he really goes all out to win. （ A） instants （ B） instances （ C） instincts （ D） intellig

8、ences 17 A university is an educational institution which_degrees and carries out research. （ A） rewards （ B） awards （ C） grants （ D） presents 18 The old lady cant hope to_her cold in a few days. （ A） get over （ B） get off （ C） hold back （ D） hold up 19 Jims plans to go to college_at the last moment

9、. （ A） fell out （ B） gave away （ C） gave off （ D） fell through 20 The Department is also deeply_in various improvement schemes. （ A） connected （ B） included （ C） involved （ D） implied 二、 Cloze 20 Man is the only animal that laughs. Why is this true? What makes us respond as we do to pleasurable expe

10、riences? What is the history of this “happy【 C1】 _“ , as someone once termed it, and just what is its function? We are not short of theories to explain the mystery; for centuries, biologists, philosophers, psychologists, and medical men have sought a definitive explanation of laughter. One writer【 C

11、2】 _that its function is to【 C3】 _others or to prove to be better than them by insulting them. Another took the opposite view: that we laugh in order not to cry. A psychologist offered the explanation that laughter functions as【 C4】 _for painful experiences, and that it serves to defend a person aga

12、inst what the psychologist termed “the many minor pains to which man is【 C5】 _“. In the 17th century a writer set forth the theory that we laugh when we compare ourselves with others and find ourselves superior;【 C6】 _, we laugh at the weakness of others. Virtually every theory has been concerned wi

13、th either the structure or the function of laughter, whereas relatively few have been devoted to the question of its【 C7】 _. I propose to offer a theory which, so far as I am aware, has not previously been set forth; that only those animals capable of【 C8】 _are capable of laughter; and that therefor

14、e man, being the only animal that speaks, is the only animal that laughs. Those of us who have observed chimpanzees closely feel quite confident that the chimpanzee occasionally exhibits behavior that looks very much like a primitive human laughter. This behavior, however, has been observed only in

15、a human context;【 C9】_it occurs under natural conditions is dubious; but【 C10】 _that under any conditions an ape is capable of such behavior is of more than passing interest for does it not indicate that early man had the basics of laughter? 21 【 C1】 （ A） conviction （ B） condition （ C） convulsion （

16、D） contraction 22 【 C2】 （ A） theorized （ B） projected （ C） asserted （ D） hypothesized 23 【 C3】 （ A） evaluate （ B） stimulate （ C） imitate （ D） intimidate 24 【 C4】 （ A） a remedy （ B） a medication （ C） an anesthetics （ D） a placebo 25 【 C5】 （ A） accustomed （ B） exposed （ C） addicted （ D） attached 26 【

17、C6】 （ A） instead （ B） however （ C） in effect （ D） for instance 27 【 C7】 （ A） mechanism （ B） rationale （ C） source （ D） origin 28 【 C8】 （ A） speech （ B） judging （ C） thoughts （ D） communication 29 【 C9】 （ A） no matter if （ B） whenever （ C） however （ D） whether or not 30 【 C10】 （ A） a fact （ B） the ve

18、ry fact （ C） an interesting fact （ D） the exact fact 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 The smell from an old ladys armpits can raise your spirits, a scientist in Pennsylvania claims. Her work also suggests that in contrast, the scent of a young child does nothing to improve your mood. Studies using animal

19、s have shown that smell is vital for conveying information. Rodents can detect and transmit fear through smell, for instance, and animals often identify a high - ranking member of a group by its smell. A recent study has shown that people can distinguish the body odor of both happy and fearful peopl

20、e. But the impact of body odor on peoples mood has hardly been explored at all. Denise Chen of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia hoped to find out more. So she recruited 30 volunteers in six different categories: girls and boys aged between three and eight, young adult women and men

21、in their early twenties and elderly women and men in their seventies. The volunteers all gave samples of their body odor by strapping a gauze pad under each armpit and keeping it there for 10 hours. The participants were not allowed to use any perfumes or deodorants, or eat strong - smelling foods,

22、in the four days before the samples were collected. They could shower, but only with unscented soap and shampoo. Odors were also collected from the homes of all the donors and combined into a neutral control smell. Chen then asked 308 university students to complete a 36 - part questionnaire that as

23、sessed how positive their mood was. Then they smelled the gauze pads from one of the gauze pads from one of the six categories of people without being told what the smells were. After this, the students answered the students answered around. People who had inhaled the samples taken from old womens a

24、rmpits respond significantly more positively, Chen found. “Old women had an uplifting effect“ she says. The smell of young men, on the other hand, produced a depressive effect. In general, Chen will report in a future issue of the journal physiology and Behavior. Jeannette Haviland, of Rutgers Unive

25、rsity in New Jersey, who also worked on the project, says its possible that hormones make the body of young people signal aggression. But hormonal changes may make the odor of older people, especially women, signal that they are approachable. Alternatively, it could be that women in their golden yea

26、rs are generally happy, and that their odor can transmit this mood. “ The air-borne chemicals that we collected from them Ieau de grandmere(smell of grandmother) may indicate that state,“ says Haviland. 31 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） there has been little literature on the impact

27、 of body odor upon peoples moods （ B） human beings can convey as much information through odor as animals （ C） the relation between odor and mood has never been explored before （ D） it is more beneficial to sniff an old lady than to smell a child 32 Chen tried to collect the samples of body odor_. （

28、 A） among three groups of volunteers （ B） for four consecutive days （ C） unaffected （ D） at random 33 The participants answered the questionnaire the second time and their answers_. （ A） reflected their improved moods （ B） revealed alterations in their moods （ C） represented six categories of mood （

29、 D） were scrambled so as to assure objectivity 34 The students felt good when they sniffed the samples of body odor from_. （ A） people in good mood （ B） young men （ C） old ladies （ D） children 35 Haviland tried to prove the relation between_. （ A） hormones and body odors （ B） body odors and lifestyl

30、es （ C） moods and lifestyles （ D） all of the above 35 At some point in your life, you have likely heard a character on TV or in a book say something along the lines of, “The thing that separates humans from the animals is.“ You may have even heard such a sentiment completed in more than one way some

31、 say it is our large brains, others our opposable thumbs, and still others claim it is our ability to use tools. While all of these attributes sound reasonable enough, none of them is truly unique to the human species. There are plenty of large mammals that have bigger brains than human beings, and

32、we share our opposable thumbs and tool-using capabilities with several of our fellow primates. No, I would argue instead that the true thing that makes humans qualitatively different from other animals is our ability to use language. Though there are people who claim that various phenomena from dolp

33、hin sounds to bird songs are “ language“ these arguments are typically confusions in terminology at best. There is no doubt that these noises serve to communicate ideas from animal to animal, but to most linguists the idea of language involves a means of communicating that is more complex, rule-base

34、d, and extensible able to capture complicated ideas even with a relatively limited vocabulary. Now, it seems reasonable to suppose that if human beings are several times more intelligent than these other creatures, our communications would be correspondingly more complex. However, I believe that the

35、 converse is actually the case that the appearance of great intelligence in human beings is partly a product of our natural affinity for language. Language acquisition is not merely a function of our general reasoning capabilities; it is accomplished by particular and unique regions of our brains du

36、ring the first seven or so years of childhood. Anyone studying a second language knows how difficult it really is to achieve fluency in a foreign tongue using only our general cognitive abilities, after this “language acquisition device“ has shut itself off. As much as wed like to believe it, langua

37、ge is not mankinds ingenious invention; it is our genetic birthright, and its acquisition is as instinctive and unconscious as salmon swimming upriver to spawn or geese flying south for the winter. Knowing this leads me to wonder: If other primates or dolphins could speak as we do, enabling them to

38、share ideas and pass on their accumulated knowledge rather than learning it anew with each successive generation, would they really be so different from us? 36 The phrase “While all of these attributes sound reasonable enough“ implies that the author believes that_. （ A） human beings would be helple

39、ss without them （ B） these adaptations are useful but not unique （ C） such qualities are useless luxuries with no survival value （ D） no single trait distinguishes human beings from animals 37 The word “serve“(Line 3, Paragraph 2)most closely means_. （ A） obey （ B） help （ C） deliver （ D） provide 38

40、The quotation marks(“.“)(Paragraph 4)most probably serve to_. （ A） express a tone of sarcasm （ B） draw extra attention to a crucial phrase （ C） indicate the authors disagreement with the phrase （ D） set apart an unusual bit of terminology 39 The word “birthright“(Paragraph 5)suggests that language i

41、s_. （ A） inherited rather than earned （ B） common rather than unique （ C） artificial rather than natural （ D） cultural rather than universal 40 The author of the passage would most probably agree that language is_. （ A） the primary distinguishing factor of humanity （ B） a tool for preserving cultura

42、l identity （ C） a useful adaptation for survival （ D） an important topic for serious academic study 40 I never want to go home and I put it off as long as I can. I always walk, whatever the weather. And when I have got rid of my restlessness and my tendency to brood, I let myself into the flat and I

43、 am in for the rest of the evening. I have something to eat and then I usually try to write. In that way I manage to get rid of the rest of the day. I encounter resistance in myself of course. That is only natural. I am quite young and I am aware that this is a dull life. Sometimes it seems like a p

44、hysical effort to sit down at my desk and pull out the notebook. Sometimes I find myself heaving a sigh when I read through what I have already written. Sometimes the effort of putting pen to paper is so great that I literally feel a pain in my head, as if all the furniture of my mind were being rea

45、rranged, as if it were being lined up, being got ready for delivery to the storehouse. And yet when I start to write, all this heaviness vanishes, and I feel charged with a kind of electricity, not unpleasant in itself, but leading, inevitably, to greater restlessness. Fortunately, I am not a hyster

46、ical person. I am used to being on my own and sometimes I doubt whether I could endure a lot of excitement. I am famous for my control, which has seen me through many crises. By a supreme irony, my control is so great that these crises remain unknown to the rest of the world, and so I am thought to

47、be unfeeling. If I ever suffer loneliness, it is because I have settled for the harsh destiny of dealing with these maters by myself. Sometimes I wish it were different. Sometimes I find myself lying awake in bed, wondering if this is to be my lot, if this solitude is to last for the rest of my days

48、. Such thoughts sweep me to the edge of panic. For I want more, and I am in good health and have ample private means. I have few bad habits, apart from my sharp tone. I have no religion, but I observe certain rules of conduct with considerable piety. I feel quite deeply, I think. If I am not very ca

49、reful, I shall grow into the most awful old battle-axe. That is why I write, and why I have to. When I feel swamped in my solitude and hidden by it, physically obscured by it, rendered invisible, in fact, writing is my way of piping up of reminding people that I am here. And when I have ordered my characters, plundered my store of images, removed from all the sadne