[外语类试卷]北京大学考博英语模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc

1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our _ almost two hours later. （ A） designation （ B） destiny （ C） destination （ D） dignity 2 The negotiations which _ the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years. （ A） preceded （ B）

2、 prescribed （ C） proceeded （ D） processed 3 Americans are highly _ , and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others. （ A） moving （ B） mobile （ C） movable （ D） motional 4 The Untied States and Canada are lands of _ except for the Indians, who are the only true natives. （ A）

3、 emigrants （ B） immigrants （ C） dwellers （ D） inhabitants 5 There was a noisy _ at the back of the hall when the speaker began his address. （ A） interaction （ B） irritation （ C） disturbance （ D） interruption 6 The patient is not in good condition, so do not _ your visit. （ A） lengthen （ B） delay （ C

4、） extend （ D） prolong 7 Violence is just one of the many problems _ in city life. （ A） abundant （ B） inherent （ C） substantial （ D） coherent 8 Trees that _ the view of the oncoming traffic should be cut down. （ A） block （ B） inhibit （ C） spoil （ D） alter 9 He gave his work to his friend to _ , becau

5、se he found it hard to see his own mistakes. （ A） adjust （ B） compile （ C） revise （ D） verify 10 A considerable amount of time and money has been invested in _ this system. （ A） defining （ B） implying （ C） reducing （ D） perfecting 11 Complicated _ it is, the problem can be solved in only 2 hours wit

6、h an electronic computer. （ A） like （ B） as （ C） however （ D） even if 12 He promised me a letter; he ought to _ it days ago. （ A） have written （ B） write （ C） had written （ D） be writing 13 Please excuse me if I have left any of my questions _ （ A） to be unanswered （ B） not to answer （ C） unanswered

7、 （ D） being unanswered 14 Mary has brown hair. In fact, its quite similar in shape _ yours. （ A） with （ B） to （ C） like （ D） as 15 “Is George really leaving the university? Yes, but would you mind _ to anyone:“ （ A） not to mention it （ B） not mention it （ C） not mentioning it （ D） not to mentioning

8、it 16 The Japanese take pride in doing a job and getting it done _ much time is required. （ A） no matter how （ B） the matter so （ C） in a matter of （ D） for the matter of 17 “What do they eat in Hawaii?“ _ eat rice rather than potatoes.“ （ A） Most of people （ B） Most of the people （ C） The most of p

9、eople （ D） The most people 18 It is _ who decides whether the accused is innocent or guilty. （ A） the jury and only jury （ B） the jury and only the jury （ C） only the jury and jury （ D） the jury and the only jury 19 Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the

10、 juice is eaten and if not cooked _ . （ A） too long a time （ B） a long time too （ C） much time long （ D） long much time 20 Mountain biking demands hill-walking strength as well as track-riding skills. Initially, choose gentle routes among familiar terrain or risk _ shoulder-carriers! （ A） long-term

11、（ B） elongated （ C） prolonged （ D） lengthened 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 The history of responds to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis w

12、ork, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejecte

13、d many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes.) The primary reason for Bot

14、ticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For e

15、xample, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was t

16、horoughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art. In any case, when viewers began to examine more clo

17、sely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, b

18、ased his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticellis personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and

19、 scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines-features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticell

20、i did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves-rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate B

21、otticellis achievements. 21 Which of the following would be the best title for the text? （ A） The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals. （ B） Sandro Botticelli: From Rejection to Appreciation （ C） The History of Critics Responses to Art Works. （ D） Botticelli and Florentine: A Comparative Stu

22、dy. 22 We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of _ （ A） suppressing painters art initiatives. （ B） favoring a Botticellis best paintings. （ C） rejecting traditional art characteristics. （ D） undervaluing Botticellis achievements. 23 The views of Vasari and Home on Botticellis pro

23、ducts are _ （ A） identical. （ B） complementary. （ C） opposite. （ D） similar. 24 The word “connoisseurs“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means _ （ A） representatives in the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. （ B） people who are in favor of Florentine. （ C） critics who are likely to make assessments. （ D） conservat

24、ives clinging to classical art. 24 In the next century well be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, fo

25、r my oval benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?“ Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies? Probably not. Instead, well reach again for a time-tested moral concept, one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millenniums most prudent moralist

26、, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end. Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans ends

27、and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone a

28、n individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality). The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families.

29、But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us. Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the tech nology

30、is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to re

31、plicate our own minds in a “dry-ware“ machine, so that we could live on without the “wet-ware“ of a biological brain and body. The 20th centurys revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st centurys revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Lets turn the page now and

32、 get back to real science. 25 Dr. Frankensteins remarks are mentioned in the text _ （ A） to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs. （ B） to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends. （ C） to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago. （ D） to intro

33、duce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in biotechnology. 26 It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed _ （ A） excessively and extravagantly. （ B） reasonably and cautiously. （ C） aggressively and indiscriminately. （ D） openly and enthusiastically.

34、 27 From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that _ （ A） DNA technology should be placed in the charge of individuals. （ B） government should assume less control over individuals. （ C） people need government to protect their DNA information. （ D） old moral precepts should be abol

35、ished on human cloning. 27 Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theor

36、ies of why sleep is good for the memory. one says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited“ at night, to flush away what is superfluous. To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping perso

37、n, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and bl

38、ood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called

39、PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got fas

40、ter. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern-what is referred to as “artificial grammar“. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not. What is more, those with more to learn

41、(i. e. , the “grammar“, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing“ theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as oppos

42、ed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep. The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the m

43、aterial being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door. 28 Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with reg

44、ard to _ （ A） how dreams are modified in their courses. （ B） the difference between sleep and wakefulness. （ C） why sleep is of great benefit to memory. （ D） the functions of a good nights sleep. 29 As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by _ （ A） intensely acti

45、ve brainwave traces. （ B） subjects quicker response times. （ C） complicated memory patterns. （ D） revival of events in the previous day. 30 By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show _ （ A） its significance in the study. （ B） an inherent pattern being learnt. （ C） its resembl

46、ance to the lights. （ D） the importance of nights sleep. 三、 English-Chinese Translation 30 Medical consumerism-like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly-is designed to be satisfying.【 51】 The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health(beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently se

47、lf-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. 【 52】 Extending life grows medically fe

48、asible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean. What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of at

49、hletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources not least medical ones, like illegal steroids-are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying; the logical extension of longevism-the “abolition“ of death-would not be a solution but only an exacerbation.【 53】 To air these predicaments is not antimedical spleen-a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories-