[外语类试卷]南京大学考博英语模拟试卷3及答案与解析.doc

1、南京大学考博英语模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B.Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the_donor. （ A） common （ B） universal （ C） general （ D） popular 2 His total worldly possessions_little more tha

2、n the clothes he stood up in. （ A） amounted to （ B） turned up （ C） settled for （ D） came at 3 This course focuses on the _ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior. （ A） introduction （ B） combination （ C） application （ D） concep

3、tion 4 If more short journeys were made by bicycles, energy could be saved and pollution_. （ A） declined （ B） reduced （ C） dropped （ D） decreased 5 The exhibition_such endangered animals as the giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them. （ A） demonstrates （

4、B） exploits （ C） features （ D） detects 6 There is no_between the sample and the final product he received. （ A） constraint （ B） consequence （ C） conquest （ D） consistency 7 It was_by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten percent. （ A） noticed （ B） stated （ C） propos

5、ed （ D） informed 8 The camps are not usually tent-type camps. They are mostly long-established _ structures, often with strange Indian names. （ A） permanent （ B） monotonous （ C） raw （ D） historical 9 Blair tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much_to those who compete well.

6、（ A） superiority （ B） regime （ C） prestige （ D） legislation 10 The original elections were declared_by the former military ruler. （ A） surplus （ B） vulgar （ C） void （ D） extravagant 11 A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time_the guards discovered what had happened. （ A） before （

7、 B） until （ C） since （ D） when 12 It is believed that the authorities are thinking of_new taxes to raise extra revenue. （ A） impairing （ B） imposing （ C） invading （ D） integrating 13 I am sorry I have no time at present to_more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest. （ A） bring in

8、to （ B） take into （ C） come into （ D） go into 14 The old gentleman was a very_looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles. （ A） respectful （ B） realistic （ C） respective （ D） respectable 15 Bacteria are sometimes_too small to be seen without a microphone. （ A） far （ B） rather （ C） quite （ D）

9、very 16 Grain production in the world is_, but still millions go hungry. （ A） staggering （ B） shrinking （ C） soaring （ D） suspending 17 Several experts have been called in to plan _for boating, tennis, refreshments and childrens games in the projected town park. （ A） equipment （ B） instruments （ C）

10、implement （ D） facilities 18 The new washing machines are_at the rate of fifty a day. （ A） turned up （ B） turned down （ C） turned out （ D） turned in 19 Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 8 percent _ and 8 percent over March 2005. （ A） individually （ B） respectively （ C） correspo

11、ndingly （ D） accordingly 20 The_of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace. （ A） summit （ B） height （ C） peak （ D） highlight 二、 Cloze 20 There is probably no sphere of human activity in which our values and lifestyles are reflected more vividly than they are in the clothes that we choo

12、se to wear. The dress of an individual is a kind of “ sign language“ that【 C1】 _a complex set of information and is usually the【 C2】 _on which immediate impressions are formed traditionally. A concern for clothes was considered a feminine preoccupation, while men took pride【 C3】 _the fact that they

13、were completely lacking in clothes consciousness. This type of American culture is gradually changing as mans dress takes on greater variety and color. Even【 C4】 _1995, a research in Michigan revealed that men attached high importance to the value of clothing in daily life. White collar workers in p

14、articular viewed dress as a【 C5】 _capable of manipulation, that could be used to impress or influence others, especially in the work situation. The white-collar worker was described as【 C6】 _concerned about the impression his clothing made on his superiors. Although blue-collar workers were less【 C7

15、】 _that they might be judged on the basis of their clothing, they recognized that any difference for the【 C8】_pattern of dress would draw ridicule from fellow workers. Since that time, of course, the【 C9】 _have changed: the typical office worker may now be【 C10】 _blue shirt, and the laborer a white

16、shirt; but the importance of dress has not diminished. 21 【 C1】 （ A） corresponds （ B） communicates （ C） exchanges （ D） transforms 22 【 C2】 （ A） bases （ B） base （ C） root （ D） basis 23 【 C3】 （ A） on （ B） of （ C） in （ D） to 24 【 C4】 （ A） as late as （ B） no sooner than （ C） as early as （ D） long before

17、 25 【 C5】 （ A） signal （ B） symbol （ C） signature （ D） significance 26 【 C6】 （ A） mostly （ B） normally （ C） rarely （ D） extremely 27 【 C7】 （ A） cared （ B） interested （ C） aware （ D） realized 28 【 C8】 （ A） accepted （ B） ancient （ C） rejected （ D） admitted 29 【 C9】 （ A） impressions （ B） patterns （ C） d

18、ifferences （ D） fellow workers 30 【 C10】 （ A） putting on （ B） trying on （ C） wearing （ D） dressing 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play “Poss

19、ums Universal Robots“.(The word “robot“ comes from the Czech word for drudgery, robota.)Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Langs silent masterpiece “Metropolis“ to the withering C3PO in “Star Wars“ and the ruthless assassin of “

20、Terminator“. Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future. But now Japans industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four

21、-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it

22、walked on to the stage and accepted its own plaque. At two and a half feet tall, Sonys QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If it falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wi

23、relessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed. In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of w

24、hich is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instruments valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan. Despite their

25、 sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the worlds robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders

26、for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid. 31 In Paragraph 1 the author introduc

27、es his topic by relating_. （ A） the idea of humanoid robots （ B） Karl Capeks creation of robots （ C） Hollywoods production of robot films （ D） the origin of and popular movies about robots 32 According to the authors description, Asimo_. （ A） is a four-egged robot （ B） seems more like a human being

28、than a machine in action （ C） seems more like a machine than a human being in action （ D） is in a sort of animal form 33 From the passage we may infer that Toyotas Partner_. （ A） is much better than any other robots （ B） is no more than a mechanic device （ C） may be put into mass production （ D） may

29、 speak like man 34 Judging from the context, this passage is probably written_. （ A） in 2004 （ B） in 2005 （ C） between 2003-2004 （ D） between 2004-2005 34 Jeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the worlds most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age a

30、nd nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal. In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively

31、as workwear, gained a new status in the U. S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GIs and sharp teenagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levis were left behi

32、nd by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European populations first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U. S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing. In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new st

33、yle in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock n roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in “Jailhouse Rock“, his denim prison uniform carrie

34、d a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like “The Wild One“ and “Rebel Without a Cause“ cult figures Marion Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look

35、like rebels, embraced it. By the beginning of the 1960s, slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在 )in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960

36、s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation as the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations off the

37、streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue. 35 Jeans were first designed for_. （ A） soldiers （ B） workmen （ C） teenagers （ D） cowboys 36 What does the “real thing“ refer to in the second paragraph? （ A） Authentic Levis. （ B） Workwear. （ C） Casu

38、al wear. （ D） Jeans of European style. 37 The popularity of Elvis Presleys way of dressing illustrates that _. （ A） teenagers wanted to look sexy （ B） people desired to look strong and manly （ C） jeans went well with rocknroll （ D） Americans were more rebellious than Europeans 38 The last sentence s

39、uggests that jeans were_. （ A） used for military purposes （ B） the symbol of the ideal of social equality （ C） worn by all kinds of people （ D） the outfit of social improvement 38 The ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a

40、number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazim Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection. The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe tha

41、t date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the worlds Jewish population. Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high co

42、gnitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U. S. Nobel science prize winners. But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gauchers, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous

43、system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases. Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking whic

44、h were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians. Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in over hundreds areas in which children were more prone

45、to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen. But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs. Being side effects of genes that facilitate intelli

46、gence, researchers argue that highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance. While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a pe

47、rsons IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants. Modern-day Ashkenazim are now

48、far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time. 39 According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are_. （ A） more intelligent than other Jews （ B） more likely to

49、 be sick than other Jews （ C） endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseases （ D） more likely to be born with genetic diseases 40 According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in_. （ A） the whole Europe and Eastern Asia （ B） Eastern Europe and a few other European countries （ C） Eastern Europe and a few Asian countries （ D） Eastern E