[外语类试卷]国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷4及答案与解析.doc

1、国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷 4及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now

2、on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather

3、encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and w

4、ork? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it

5、could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus

6、 of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples

7、 work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to pa

8、id employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regularities still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,

9、young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may not have to change, the time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for a

10、ll, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. 1 Research carried out in recent opinion polls shows that _. （ A） available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population （ B） new jobs should be created in order to rectify high unemp

11、loyment figures （ C） available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed （ D） the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life 2 The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that people were _. （ A） no longer legally entitled to own land （ B） forced to look elsew

12、here for means of supporting themselves （ C） not adequately compensated for the loss of their land （ D） badly paid for the work they managed to find 3 The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that _. （ A） the household and village community disappeared （ B） men now traveled en

13、ormous distances to their places of work （ C） young and old people became superfluous components of society （ D） the work status of those not in paid employment suffered 4 The article concludes that _. （ A） the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility （ B） our efforts and resources in terms of t

14、ackling unemployment are insufficient （ C） people should start to support themselves by learning a practical skill （ D） we should help those whose jobs are only part time 5 The purpose of this article is to suggest that we should _. （ A） be prepped to admit that being employed is not the only kind o

15、f work （ B） create more factories in order to increase our productivity （ C） set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ others （ D） be prepared to fill in time at home by taking up bobbies and leisure activities 5 “Internet“ has created a new vocabulary that has come to represe

16、nt a historical era of change. Ask John Morse, publisher of Merriam-Webster Dictionaries, to name the word that defines the close of the millennium and he doesnt hesitate: “Internet“. “No other word has become part of peoples lives so quickly or has had such an impact,“ he says. The Internet has swe

17、pt into the American vocabulary and given birth to so many new words and phrases “netizen,“ “chatroom“ and “homepage“ among them that it has come to represent an era in social history, he says. And remarkably, “Internet“ has managed to become the most significant word of the century in less than a d

18、ecade. “We first started seeing a number of citations in 1994, and by 1998 it was established in the dictionary,“ Morse says, “It was just astounding. No other new word has gained such widespread acceptance so quickly,“ he says. Just a century ago, another form of communication swept into the langua

19、ge. In the 1898 edition of “Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary,“ the hot new word was “telephone“. “It brought massive social change and reshaped the way people did business, just as the Internet is doing today,“ Mores says. “Telephone“ was no easy linguistic act to follow. It helped bring into

20、popular usage a wide range of new words and phrases busy signals, wrong numbers, voice mail, cell phones. It also gave the United States its standard greeting: Hello. But “Internet“ is holding its own, in part by borrowing words from older technologies and giving them new meaning, such as “bookmark,

21、“ “copy“ and “browser.“ “That is how vocabulary evolves,“ Mores says. “Its human nature to make the concept easier to understand by using a familiar, in this case print-based, metaphor.“ Allan Metcalf, a professor at MacMurray College in Illinois, helps put together a list of words of the year for t

22、he American Dialect Society. He says the word “Internet“ is a strong candidate to define the end of the century, but he has another preference: words with the prefix e-, as “e-mail“ or “e-commerce.“ “It has a little more impact and it conveys attitudes,“ Metcalf says. At Merriam, new words earn a pl

23、ace in the dictionary simply by repeated use in popular press. Merriams lexicographers append a large part of their day reading newspapers, magazines, and now Internet publications. Each new word along with a copy from the publication showing how it was used goes into an electronic database. 6 Why d

24、id John Morse choose “Internet“ as the word that defines the close of the 20th century? （ A） The word has the highest frequency count in newspapers, magazines and the Internet publications. （ B） It was highly recommended by the editing group of the Merriam-Websters Dictionaries. （ C） It had an impac

25、t on society and quick merge to the language and people that no other words can match. （ D） It served as a root for creating more new“ words. 7 According to the passage, how does a word finally get into the Merriam -Websters Dictionary? （ A） By its repeated use in the popular press. （ B） By its repe

26、ated use in the Internet publications. （ C） By the opinions of the lexicographers. （ D） By peoples votes. 8 The author cited the emergence of the word “telephone“ in order to _. （ A） show it came into the English language very quickly （ B） define a linguistic act that occurred a century ago （ C） com

27、pare its impact with the great influence of the word “Internet“ （ D） illustrate how people used language a century ago 9 Why the prefix “e-“ is Allan Metcalfs favorite when he talked about the words to define the end of the century? （ A） e- is more popular than any other word. （ B） e- means electron

28、ic. （ C） He thinks “e-“ is often used in peoples communication. （ D） e- is often used online. 10 We can learn from the second paragraph that words like “bookmark“, “copy“, and “browser“ are _. （ A） words that have been learnt new meanings by the Internet （ B） words that became popular only a century

29、 ago （ C） words that are strong candidates to define the end of the century （ D） words that have the most frequency count in the Internet publications 国家公共英语五级（阅读理解）练习试卷 4答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark yo

30、ur answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答 案】 D 【试题解析】 从第一段来看，很容易选择 C，但是原文的意思是失业还存在，我们应该把 现有的就业机会更广泛地进行分布，并没有说要把就业机会分给失业者。我们需要进行推 理，但一定要尽量忠实原文。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文章中没有说人们在法律上不能再拥有土地，而是说人们被迫离开土地，去 另谋生路；而且这与作者的主旨是一致的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从倒数第二段，我们可以推断出 employment对许多人的 work

31、status产生了 影响。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 最后一段的意思是人人都有工作是乌托邦的想法，言外之意是这种想法不现 实，作者在呼吁人们要改变工作观念，并未提出具体的解决方法。所以只能选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 全文主要是阐述 employment对人类社会带来的许多问题，也指出完全 employment是不可能的。尤其是第二段关于作者对 employment as a norm提出了质疑。作 者提出了观念更新是解决问题的关键。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从

32、文章第一段内容可知， Merriam-Webster字典的出版商JohnMores认为互联 网之所以成为上世纪末最热的词汇是因为它进入人们生活的速度之快，影响之大。同时它 还具有旺盛的生命力，产生了一系列相关的词汇。“Internet has managed to become the most significant word of the century in less than a decade ”在不到 10年的时间中，它就成了最重 要的单词。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。文章最后一段介绍， “At Merriam， new words

33、earn a place in the dictionary simply by repeated use in popular press ”某个新单词被编入字典，是因为它在 流行出版物中出现次数多，并非是根据其在互联网中出现的次数或是词汇学家的 意见。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第一段介绍了互联网因其进入人们生活速度之快，影响之大而成为上世 纪末的流行词。在第二段又提到了 “电话 ”是如何在上世纪初成为普遍流行的单词的。其 中引用了 John Morse的一句话 ”It brought massive social change and reshape

34、d the way people did business， just as the Internet is doing today ”这说明作者的本意是 将电话当时对人们生活 产生的影响和今天的互联网对人们产生的影响进行比较。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 在文章中 e-是相对 Internet而言的，认为 Internet能体现本世纪特色，是因为 它在语言交流中被大量使用。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文章第二段末尾的内容， “But Internet is holding its own, in part by borrowing words from older technologies and giving them new meaning，such as bookmark, copy and browser ”可以看出，作者在讲述电话的问世给人们带来一系列新名词后，又讲到互联 网为技术名词赋予了新的含义，并举bookmark， copy和 browser为例。这和 A的叙述最为 符合。 【知识模块】 阅读理解