[外语类试卷]国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷18及答案与解析.doc

1、国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 18及答案与解析 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Read all the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on AN

2、SWER SHEET 1. Passage 1 Language, like food, is a basic human need without which a child in a critical period of life can be starved and damaged. Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be so. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard

3、 no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But, clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

4、Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most of the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are n

5、eglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence an

6、d at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of t

7、hree to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man s brain, compared wi

8、th that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brain s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine

9、and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals

10、 dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 1 The purpose of Frederick s experiment was _ . （ A） to prove that children are born with ability to

11、 speak （ B） to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech （ C） to find out what role careful nursing would play in reaching child to speak （ D） to prove that a child can be damaged without learning a language 2 The reason some children are backward in speaking is mos

12、t probably that _ . （ A） they are incapable of learning language rapidly （ B） they are exposed to too much language at once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 3 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child i

13、s that _ . （ A） he is born with the capacity to speak （ B） he has a brain more complex than an animal s （ C） he can produce his own sentences （ D） he owes his speech ability to good nursing 4 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty of speech is inborn in man. （

14、B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. （ C） The child s brain is highly selective. （ D） Most children learn language in definite stages. 5 If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _ in future. （ A） have a high IQ （ B） be less intelligent （ C） be inse

15、nsitive to verbal signals （ D） not necessarily be backward 5 In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opp

16、osite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk“. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk s

17、how themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hale, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society s moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (133%) of other people s lives. Like Jerry Springer

18、, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compar

19、ed to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word“. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the

20、 Oprah show is not for everyone. The show s main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-

21、21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show s exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years no

22、w. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. 6 Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _ . （ A） more family-oriented （ B

23、） unusually popular （ C） more profound （ D） relatively formal 7 Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience _ . （ A） remain fascinated to them （ B） are ready to face up to them （ C） remain indifferent to them （ D） are willing to get involved in them 8 Which

24、 of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show? （ A） A new type of robot. （ B） Racist hatred. （ C） Family budget planning （ D） Street violence. 9 Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both _ . （ A） ironical R. sensitive （ B） instructive （ C） cynical （ D） cyn

25、ical 10 We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows _ . （ A） have monopolized the talk show circuit （ B） exploit the weaknesses in human nature （ C） appear at different times of the day （ D） are targeted at different audiences 10 This kind of complex meaning expressed in written language s

26、oon becomes a fish out of water. The complexity of spoken language is more like that of a dance; it is not static and dense but mobile and intricate. Much more meaning is expressed by grammar than by vocabulary. As a consequence, the sentence structure is highly complex, reaching degrees of complexi

27、ty that are rarely attained in writing. Writing, as recognized by most people, is genuinely formal and readily tangible, but speaking language has merits of its own. It is usually more economic in human face-to-face communication, and it allows the omission of many contextual or commonsensical infor

28、mation. This permits the oral language to be more simplistic and flexible than written language. What is difficult or even impossible to achieve in written language can sometimes be achieved in oral language in a convenient way that does not demand extra efforts. On the other hand, speech can be mor

29、e difficult to manage in linguistic studies due to such factors that make it readily acceptable as a more economic way of expression. It is in spontaneous, operational speech that the grammar is most fully exploited, such that its semantic frontiers expand and its potential for meaning is enhanced.

30、This is why we have to look to spoken discourse for at least some of the evidence on which to base our theory of the language. Philosophers of language have tended to take over the folk belief, typical of a written culture, according to which spoken language is disorganized and featureless, while on

31、ly writing shows a wealth of structure and purity of pattern. This is demonstrated by transcriptions in which speech is reduced to writing and made to look like a dog s dinner. Now speech was not meant to be written down, so it often looks silly, just as writing often sounds silly when it is read al

32、oud; but the disorder and fragmentation are a feature of the way it is transcribed. Even a sympathetic transcription like that above cannot represent it adequately, because it shows none of the intonation or variation in tempo and loudness; but it does show the way it is organized grammatically, and

33、 so enable us to analyze it as a text. 11 The author compares spoken language to “a dance“ to say that _ . （ A） it is changeable and flexible （ B） it is rigid and simple （ C） it is lively and pleasant （ D） it is easy to learn 12 The author use the metaphor, “a fish out of water“, to mean _ . （ A） a

34、dead fish （ B） a complex meaning （ C） a written text （ D） meaning without context 13 In the second paragraph, we can infer that _ . （ A） speech is grammar-driven （ B） theory of language is based on speech （ C） speech sometimes is ungrammatical （ D） grammar lays clown rules for speech 14 According to

35、 the passage, philosophers of language tend to believe that _ . （ A） writing tells more than speaking （ B） writing often looks silly when read out （ C） all folk beliefs are fight （ D） speaking is not trustable 15 The phrase “a dog s meal“ in the last paragraph probably means _ . （ A） delicious （ B）

36、orderly （ C） messy （ D） tasty 15 Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul“ is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a m

37、ask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when Am

38、erican four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result,

39、Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals, that the proper place to focus one s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one s conversation partner. The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans i

40、s well defined; speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners,

41、meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and

42、either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false

43、 starts, and unpredictable pauses. 16 The author is convinced that the eyes are _ . （ A） of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas （ B） something through which one can see a person s inner world （ C） of considerable significance in making conversations interesting （ D） someth

44、ing the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 17 Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _ . （ A） whose front view is fully perceived （ B） whose face is covered with a mask （ C） whose face is seen from the side （ D） whose face is free of any covering 18 According to the passag

45、e, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner s neck because _ . （ A） they don t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker （ B） they need not communicate through eye contact （ C） they don t think it polite to have eye contact （ D） they didn t have much opportunity to communic

46、ate through eye contact in babyhood 19 According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to _ . （ A） one temporarily glancing away from the other （ B） eye contact of more than one second （ C） improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact （ D） constant adjustment of eye cont

47、act 20 To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants _ . （ A） not to wear dark spectacles （ B） not to make any interruptions （ C） not to glance away from each other （ D） not to make unpredictable pauses 国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 18答案与解析 Part B Directions: Read the following four

48、texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 Language and communication 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 见第一段末尾。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 见第三段开头。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 见第五段末尾。 【知识模块】 Langu

49、age and communication 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可采用排除法。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 见第四段开头。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 【知识模块】 Language and communication 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文章最后一句话可以判断这两个节目都非常受欢迎。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 见文章第二段最后一句，人们很愿意为他人所处的困境而担忧。能如此身临其境，可见其着迷程度。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第三段介绍了 the Oprah Winfrey节目的主题为社会进步和生活质量。 【知识模块】 Language and communication 9 【正