[外语类试卷]在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷75及答案与解析.doc

1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 75及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an

2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Computers may one day turn night into day with good old, natural sunlight. Colossal computer-controlled mirrors, thousands of feet across, may one day orbit the earth, reflecting sunlight onto a darkened United States. Some scientists

3、 say that 16 of these mirrors, each about a half mile across, could aim their reflected light at one area on the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles. That much light would equal about 56 moons. The mirrors would be so high that they could catch the suns light as it was shining on the other s

4、ide of the earth. The mirrors could orbit thousands of miles high at the same speed as the earth turns on its axis. That way, the mirrors would always be over the same spot. The aluminium-coated, plastic mirrors could be folded up and packed into a spaceship, according to the scientists. Once releas

5、ed a few hundred miles in space, the mirrors, powered by a solar-powered engine, could make the rest of the trip into space on their own. The scientists say that the computer-controlled mirrors could also be made to tilt slowly so the reflected sunlight would sweep slowly along the surface of the ea

6、rth. For example, as night fell, the mirrors could be tilted to light up Boston. Later on, as darkness spread slowly westward, Chicago, for example, then San Francisco could be lit up. The reflected sunlight would allow these cities to save up electricity. And in emergencies, such as power-failures,

7、 the mirrors could light up the affected area. What no one knows yet is what effect this artificial daytime would have on plants, animals, and humans. Would it confuse some animals and harm plants that are used to regular day-night cycles? The scientists recommend that studies be done to find out wh

8、at bad effects there might be. 1 The word “colossal“ in Line 2 most likely means_. （ A） giant （ B） orbiting （ C） nuclear-powered （ D） spinning 2 Which of the following is NOT true of the mirrors? （ A） They would be made of plastic and coated with aluminium. （ B） They could reflect sunlight to a larg

9、e area on the earth. （ C） They would stay in the same position over the earth. （ D） They could be launched directly into space. 3 The reflected light would sweep slowly along the surface of the earth because the mirrors （ A） would be operated by solar-powered engines （ B） could be made to adjust the

10、ir angles （ C） could move around the earth at the same speed as the earth turns on its axis （ D） would orbit thousands of miles high to catch the suns light 4 The purpose for turning night into day is to_. （ A） confuse animals and plants （ B） light up more cities （ C） save energy and deal with emerg

11、encies （ D） enable people to work longer hours 5 The writer of this passage_. （ A） is in favour of the wide use of the mirrors （ B） seems to be much worried about the effect of the mirrors （ C） gives an objective account of the mirrors （ D） suggests that artificial daylight is harmful to living bein

12、gs 5 Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money eno

13、ugh to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears. The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears, clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. T

14、hen a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching“ level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, the feedi

15、ng, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body. This level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury“ items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and ent

16、ertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers spending goes to services, while on the first three levels, more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income inc

17、reases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice.

18、 After filling stomachs, our clothes, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels. 6 According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when_

19、. （ A） he has saved up enough money （ B） he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter （ C） he has satisfied with his hunger （ D） he has learned to build houses 7 It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II most Americans_. （ A） were very rich （ B） lived in poverty （ C） h

20、ad the good things on the first three levels （ D） did not own automobiles 8 Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction“? （ A） A successful career. （ B） A cozy home. （ C） A good service. （ D） A family car. 9 What is the main concern of man on the fourth level? （ A） The more goods

21、 the better. （ B） The more mental satisfaction the better. （ C） The more “luxury“ items the better. （ D） The more earnings the better. 10 The author is inclined to think that a fifth level_. （ A） would be little better than the fourth level （ B） may be a lot more desirable than the first four （ C） c

22、an be the last and most satisfying level （ D） will become attainable provided the government takes actions 10 In some ways, the United States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18 000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2 400 people, as

23、 they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky, in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire. But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety

24、experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough. American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many

25、fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them. Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fir

26、es are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history that burned more than 10 000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Penalties

27、for fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment. In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary schools. But the lessons are aimed at too limited an audience? just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches. The United States continues t

28、o rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building codes now require home sprinklers (自动灭火装置 ). New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped. 11 The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that_. （ A）

29、 they took no interest in new technology （ B） they did not attach great importance to preventing fires （ C） they showed indifference to fighting fires （ D） they did not spend enough money on fire facilities 12 Although the fire death rate has declined, the United States_. （ A） still has the worst fi

30、re death rate in the world （ B） is still alert to the fire problem （ C） is still training a large number of safety experts （ D） is still confronted with the serious fire problem 13 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adults （ B） American ch

31、ildren have not received enough education of fire safety lessons （ C） Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Untied States （ D） Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency 14 In what aspects should the United States learn from Japan? （ A） Architecture and building mate

32、rial. （ B） Education and technology. （ C） Laws and attitude. （ D） All of the above. 15 To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and that in other countries, the author suggests_. （ A） developing new technology （ B） counting more on laws and social pressure （ C） placing a fi

33、re extinguisher in every family （ D） reinforcing the safeness of household appliances 15 Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on peoples attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations (even temporary ones), people become more irritable and less coo

34、perative; in more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. However, psychologists distinguish between “sound“ and “noise“. “Sound“ is measured physically in decibels (分贝 ). “Noise“ cannot be measured in the

35、 same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of “intensity“ depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise (that is, they are not bothered by the noise

36、). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the perso

37、n has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of n

38、oise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily. 16 According to the passage, people_. （ A） can not work better in a noisy situation （ B） will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution （ C） can be psychologi

39、cally affected by working in very noisy factories （ D） may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding 17 “Sound“, as defined by the psychologist, _. （ A） can be measured in the same way that “noise“ is measured （ B） may be extremely harmful to health （ C） is not at all different from “noise“ （ D） can be

40、measured by machines 18 People waiting at an airport_. （ A） enjoy hearing airplanes taking off and landing （ B） are usually not troubled by the noise （ C） can easily tell sound from noise （ D） are often physically affected by the noise 19 People enjoy listening to music, _. （ A） though they are rece

41、iving a lot of decibels of sound （ B） because it does not have any negative effect （ C） because they dont have to tolerate the noise around that （ D） although it is sometimes unpleasant to hear strange sounds 20 We can conclude from the passage that we need to control noise pollution if_. （ A） we wa

42、nt to stay both psychologically and physically healthy （ B） we dont want to be physically deaf （ C） we want to cooperate well （ D） we dont want to be anxious 20 A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the idea he is not capable of it. A child m

43、ay think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental faculties, or he may accept another persons mistaken estimate of his ability. Older people may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age. A person

44、 who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless. He wont go at a job with the confidence necessary for success. He is therefore likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence. Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had

45、 an experience which illustrates this. When he was a small boy he got off to poor start in arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “

46、Isnt it too bad that Alfred cant do arithmetic?“ He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected. One day Adler succeeded in solving a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve. This gav

47、e him confidence. He rejected the idea that he couldn t do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His new found confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became extraordinarily goo

48、d at arithmetic. This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have, and that lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply ones ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability. 21

49、According to the passage, which statement is NOT true? （ A） A child may accept another persons underestimate of his ability. （ B） People may think that he is too young to make the most of his mental faculties. （ C） A person may have the idea that he is incapable of doing good work. （ D） Some old people dont believe that they are capable of learning anything new. 22 A person who believes in his incompetence will_. （ A） make no real efforts （ B） fail to go at a job （ C） show a complete l