[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷758及答案与解析.doc

1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 758及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 现在许多长相漂亮的求职者尽管没有很强的能力仍能找到很好的工作，因此一些

2、人得出结论说外貌比能力更重要 2我的看法 Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y

3、 (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Choice blindness: You dont know what you want We have all heard of experts

4、who fail basic tests of sensory discrimination in their own field: wine snobs (自命不凡的人 ) who cant tell red from white wine (though in blackened cups), or art critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer. We delight in such stories since anyone claiming to be an authority is fair g

5、ame. But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things? Experts might be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of their skills as experts, but could we be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of our skills as experts on ourselves? We have been trying to answer this

6、 question using techniques from magic performances. Rather than playing tricks with alternatives presented to participants, we secretly altered the outcomes of their choices, and recorded how they react. For example, in an early study we showed our volunteers pairs of pictures of faces and asked the

7、m to choose the most attractive. In some trials, immediately after they made their choice, we asked people to explain the reasons behind their choices. Unknown to them, we sometimes used a double-card magic trick to secretly exchange one face for the other so they ended up with the face they did not

8、 choose. Common sense dictates that all of us would notice such a big change in the outcome of a choice. But the result showed that in 75 per cent of the trials our participants were blind to the mismatch, even offering “reasons“ for their “choice“. We called this effect “choice blindness“, echoing

9、change blindness, the phenomenon identified by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z and Y fails to notice. Researchers

10、are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us. When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about self-knowledge and intentionality. For all the int

11、imate familiarity we feel we have with decisionmaking, it is very difficult to know about it from the “inside“: one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity. As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend to give elaborate justification

12、s for their decisions, which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than rationalisations (文过饰非 ) after me event. To prove such people wrong, though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are? But with choi

13、ce blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our participants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt and prove it that what they say cannot be true. So our experiments offer a unique window into confabulation (虚构

14、 ) (the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact) that is otherwise very difficult to come by. We can compare everyday explanations with those under lab conditions, looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions, how coherent the narrative is, the emotional tone, or even

15、 the timing or flow of the speech. Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse any kind of exchange. This framework could provide a clinical use for choice blindness: for example, two of our ongoing studies examine how malingering (装病 ) might develop into true symptoms, and how confabulati

16、on might play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (强迫症 ). Importantly, the effects of choice blindness go beyond snap judgments. Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices (whether they give short or long explanations, give numerical rating or labellin

17、g, and so on) we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative. This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-feedback (“I chose this, I publicly said so, therefore I must like it“), which

18、we suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences. We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner

19、 at the altar through amazing sleight of hand (巧妙的手 段 )? Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments. For example, in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea. In

20、 order to switch each participants choice without them noticing, we created two sets of “magical“ jars, with lids at both ends and a divider inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over. Immediately after the partic

21、ipants chose, we asked them to taste their choice again and tell us verbally why they made that choice. Before they did, we turned over the sample containers, so the tasters were given the opposite of what they had intended in their selection. Strikingly, people detected no more than a third of all

22、these trick trials. Even when we switched such remarkably different flavors as spicy cinnamon and apple for bitter grapefruit jam, the participants spotted less than half of all switches. We have also documented this kind of effect when we simulate online shopping for consumer products such as lapto

23、ps or cellphones, and even apartments. Our latest tests are exploring moral and political decisions, a domain where reflection and deliberation are supposed to play a central role, but which we believe is perfectly suited to investigating using choice blindness. Throughout our experiments, as well a

24、s registering whether our volunteers noticed that they had been presented with the alternative they did not choose, we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes. How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours? Did they think they would hav

25、e noticed the switches? Consistently, between 80 and 90 per cent of people said that they believed they would have noticed something was wrong. Imagine their surprise, even disbelief, when we told them about the nature of the experiments. In everyday decision-making we do see ourselves as knowing a

26、lot about our selves, but like the wine buff or art critic, we often overstate what we know. The good news is that this form of decision snobbery should not be too difficult to treat. Indeed, after reading this article you might already be cured. 2 What does the author say about some experts? （ A） T

27、hey are authorities only in their own fields. （ B） They arent easily fooled by the tricky tests. （ C） The mistakes theyve made are inevitable. （ D） They sometimes fail to do well as claimed. 3 What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments? （ A） They put on a magic performance to the

28、 participants. （ B） They diverted the participants attention and disrupted their choosing. （ C） They changed the things participants chose without their noticing. （ D） They added confusion to the two options the participants faced. 4 What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal? （ A）

29、 People could explain well why they made their choices. （ B） Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision. （ C） Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills. （ D） Most participants didnt realize that their choices had been switched. 5 Change blindness refers to

30、 the phenomenon that_. （ A） many people fail to notice the big change around them （ B） people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundings （ C） peoples choices can be easily interrupted by a big change （ D） quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions 6 Whats peoples tendency to

31、 do for their decisions? （ A） Refusing to admit they made wrong decisions. （ B） Trying to find reasons to explain the decisions. （ C） Changing the decisions on second thoughts. （ D） Seeking others advice when making the decisions. 7 What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preference

32、s? （ A） The haste judgment. （ B） The mechanism of self-feedback. （ C） The interaction with others. （ D） The expectation for the future. 8 What do we learn about the boundaries of choice blindness? （ A） The boundaries are impossible to be marked. （ B） It occurs only when decisions are not important.

33、（ C） It could happen even in the significant events. （ D） Brides wont have choice blindness in the weddings. 9 In their latest tests researchers are investigating peoples decisions in the fields of _with choice blindness. 10 From the quiz researchers find that most people are quite confident about t

34、heir feelings in the_. 11 The volunteers were surprised at the fact that in everyday decision-making, peoples beliefs are often_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked

35、about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） It was mild. （ B） It was humid. （ C） It was hot. （ D） It

36、was cool. （ A） A guest talked for too long. （ B） The program was too short. （ C） The audience was too noisy. （ D） The host was inexperienced. （ A） To have a job interview. （ B） To see his new girlfriend. （ C） To see his new section chief. （ D） To take a photo of his new boss. （ A） The man was using

37、a digital camera. （ B） The woman took very good pictures. （ C） The man didnt take any pictures of the night view. （ D） The woman ran out of film before taking pictures. （ A） He didnt know the change of the schedule. （ B） He will probably get to the airport at 2 p.m. （ C） He will not go to the airpor

38、t with the speakers. （ D） He probably knows the change of the schedule. （ A） Visit an art museum. （ B） See an exhibition abroad. （ C） Attend a wedding ceremony. （ D） Make a voyage over the Pacific. （ A） It failed in the final. （ B） It couldnt reach the final. （ C） It has ultimately won the final. （

39、D） It is working very hard for the final. （ A） They plan to go to the library. （ B） They live in a house together. （ C） They will have a get-together. （ D） They often meet in the library. （ A） He was looking for a job. （ B） He seemed to have many needed qualifications. （ C） He handed in his applicat

40、ion earlier than others. （ D） He needed a position in the company. （ A） The company was a small, family-owned company. （ B） The company gave a lot of responsibilities to the employees. （ C） The company required the employees to be loyal and hard-working. （ D） The company would soon raise the employe

41、es salary. （ A） The woman was not Satisfied with the man. （ B） The woman would choose other candidates for the position. （ C） The man was very likely to be employed. （ D） The man was disappointed with the company. （ A） At a public forum. （ B） In an auditorium. （ C） On TV. （ D） In a classroom. （ A） E

42、xposing oneself to the target culture. （ B） Attending regularly a good language program. （ C） Coming up with a study plan. （ D） Developing good note-taking skills. （ A） A realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency, not native fluency. （ B） Students can achieve na

43、tive-like pronunciation through focused study. （ C） Learners should interact with native speakers to gain greater fluency. （ D） Teachers need to help students foster a good self-esteem and confidence. （ A） Remembering as many words as possible. （ B） Learning only useful words. （ C） Remembering a lot

44、 of words a day. （ D） Learning to use a few words a day. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best a

45、nswer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They can live in meadows. （ B） They can jump high to get food. （ C） They can live off many different kinds of hosts. （ D） They can survive without eating for many months. （ A） A disease. （ B） A cause of fatal plague. （ C） A substance in a fleas

46、legs. （ D） The substance that a flea lives on. （ A） Rat flea. （ B） Cat flea. （ C） Dog flea. （ D） Rabbit flea. （ A） By research with commercial whale watching tour. （ B） By research with navy marine. （ C） By research with whaling hunting. （ D） By research with local fishermen. （ A） When they are feed

47、ing. （ B） When it is raining. （ C） When they are sleeping. （ D） When they are breathing the air. （ A） Travel as fast as the head whale. （ B） Keep 150 meters away from the whale. （ C） At least two vessels should be watching in case of collision with whales. （ D） Travel as fast as the slowest whale. （

48、 A） Food is no longer a basic need for us, while it was for primitive people. （ B） We eat a wide variety of food. （ C） We no longer eat fruit that primitive people ever ate. （ D） We eat more food than primitive people do. （ A） It is needed to adjust the temperature of our bodies. （ B） It is our seco

49、nd need. （ C） We need it to cover our bodies. （ D） Weather is changing all the time. （ A） The climate. （ B） Ones social position. （ C） The materials available. （ D） Family size. （ A） Human Basic Needs. （ B） Material Comfort. （ C） Food: Human Basic Need. （ D） Basic Necessities of Life. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required t