1、大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 287及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 中国发展迅速的经济和相对较低的生活成本吸引着美国求职者前来。 2 通过奖励积极发展农业的官员,惩罚对农民课征重税的官员,武则天极大地促进了农业的发展。 3 放烟花是中国庆祝新年重要的一部分。 4 同仁堂创建于 1669年,其药品以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效享誉海内外。 5 进行中国传统绘画和书法的文人都很注重这些用具的选择。 6 春节期间,人们挨家挨户去扭秧歌,庆祝新年的到 来并传承老一辈传统。 7 元曲的兴起对于中国民族诗歌的发展和文化的繁荣有着深远的影响。 8 杭州特产众多,其中以丝绸
2、和茶叶最受欢迎。 9 随着中国旅游业的发展,泥塑已经成为广受欢迎的旅游纪念品,得到世界各地游客的青睐。 10 根据传统,门前摆放的石狮应为一对,雄狮在左而雌狮在右。 11 扇子的用途很广泛,除了能使人凉快之外,还可用于舞蹈、装饰等。 12 在中国,人们见面时喜欢问: “你去哪儿 ?”或 “你吃了吗 ?”大多数时候,人们并非真正想知道你要去哪里或吃饭了没有。实际上,那只是 一种打招呼的方式。与西方的风俗相似,当你与一个陌生人开始交谈时,诸如天气、食物或爱好之类的话题可能是打破坚冰的不错选择。询问私人问题时应当慎重,但是聊些关于家乡、工作方面的话题则通常可以使谈话顺利进行。 13 在 21世纪初,
3、我国出现了免费的 地铁报 (subway newspaper)。北京、上海、广州等大城市都有自己的地铁报。这些报纸通常在上班高峰期时在地铁站里发放。越来越多的人因为这些地铁报而重拾文字阅读的习惯。地铁报之所以受欢迎是因为它们非常了解 受众读者 (target reader)的需求,及时为他们提供一些名人 (celebrity)动态、娱乐资讯和当地新闻,文章简短且配有丰富的图片。 14 在中国,如果不了解 “面子 ”的含义,则很难理解许多行为言辞。面子通常可理解为社会对一个人名誉和 声望 (prestige)的看法。因此,中国人向来很重视面子问题。丢面子会导致一个人在人际交往中失去权威。中国人通
4、常不会公开指出令人尴尬的事实,从而避免让另一个人丢面子。如果要给某人面子。则可以在大众面前赞美他,欣赏他的才能,或对他表示尊重。 15 在中国,赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合。礼物常用红色或其他 喜庆的颜色 (festive color)来包装,但白色或黑色不适宜用于此。当你将礼物递出去时, 收礼者 (recipient)可能会礼貌谢绝。在这种情况下,你可以试着将礼物再一次送出去。通常收礼者在客人离开之后才打开礼物。此外,送礼还有一些 禁忌 (taboo),如给夫妻送伞就不合适,因为中文里 “伞 ”与 “散 ”同音。 大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 287答案与解析 一、 Part T
5、ranslation 1 【正确答案】 It is the rapidly growing economy and relatively low cost of living in China that attract the American jobseekers here. 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 Wu Zetian greatly improved agriculture by rewarding the officials who actively developed agriculture and punishing those imposing heavy tax
6、on peasants. 【知识模块】 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Fireworks are an important part of Chinese New Year celebration. 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 Tongrentang was founded in 1669, and its medical products have enjoyed a good reputation both at home and abroad for excellent traditional manufacturing techniques and good effects.
7、【知识模块】 汉译英 5 【正确答案】 Scholars engaging in traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy attached much importance to the choice of the tools. 【知识模块】 汉译英 6 【正确答案】 During the Spring Festival, people went from house to house to perform Yangko, celebrating the coming of the New Year and carrying on the age
8、-old tradition. 【知识模块】 汉译英 7 【正确答案】 The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China. 【知识模块】 汉译英 8 【正确答案】 Hangzhou boasts numerous special local products, among which silk and tea are the most popular. 【知识模块】 汉译英 9 【正确答案】 With
9、 the development of Chinas tourism industry, clay figurines have become popular travel souvenirs, favored by tourists from all over the world. 【知识模块】 汉译英 10 【正确答案】 According to traditions, the stone lions should be a pair with the male in the left and the female in the right. 【知识模块】 汉译英 11 【正确答案】 Fa
10、ns are used widely. Apart from cooling people, they can also be used for dance, decoration and so on. 【知识模块】 汉译英 12 【正确答案】 In China, people like to ask “Where are you heading for?“ or “Have you eaten yet?“ when they meet each other. For most of the time, they do not really want to know where you are
11、 going to or whether you have eaten or not. Actually, that is just a way to greet each other. Similar to western customs, when you start talking with a stranger, topics such as weather, food or hobby may be good choices to break the ice. You should be cautious when you ask private questions. But a c
12、hat about ones hometown or job can usually go on smoothly. 【试题解析】 1在第 2句中。 “你要去哪里或吃饭了没有 ”作 “并非真正想知道 ”的宾语,可将其处理成一个宾语从句,用陈述句语序表达,译作 where you are going to or whether you have eaten or not。 2在第 3句中, “实际上 ”可译为 actually或 in fact;定语 “打招呼的 ”可处理为后置定语,用不定式短语 to greet each other来表达。 3第 4句的主语是 “诸如 的话题 ”,翻译成英语时
13、,以 topics作为主语,定语“诸如天气、食物或爱好 之类的 ”用 such as来列举,作补充说明。 4最后一句中的 “询问私人问题时应当慎重 ”省略了主语,翻译时应补充主语 you或 one,译为 You should be cautious when you ask private questions。 “但是聊些关于 则 ” 如果译成 But if you chat with people on topics such asit can make the chat go on smoothly则显得冗长拖沓;此处把主语 “聊些关于家乡、工作方面的话题 ”译为名词 短语 a chat
14、about ones hometown or job则能使译文简洁流畅。 【知识模块】 汉译英 13 【 正确答案】 At the beginning of twenty-first century, there appeared free subway newspapers in our nation. Big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, all have their own subway newspapers. The papers are usually handed out at the subway stations in
15、 the rush hours. Due to these subway newspapers, more and more people pick up the habit of reading words. Their being popular lies in that they know very well the needs of the target readers and timely offer some celebrity news, entertainment information, and local news. The articles are brief with
16、abundant pictures. 【试题解析】 1在第 1句中, “我国出现了免费的地铁报 ”如果逐字对译为 our nation appeared free subway newspapers则不符合英语的表达习惯,可用存现句型there be的变体 there appear来表达,译为 there appeared free subway newspapers。 “我国 ”译为 in our nation country,作状语,置 于句末。 2第 2句中的主语 “北京、上海、广州等大城市 ”如果直译为 Beijing, Shanghai,Guangzhou and other big
17、 cities则显得冗长,英译时宜用中心词 “大城市 ”作主语,用介词 like引出城市名作定语,再用 all作 big cities的同位语以使表达更为清晰顺畅。 3第 3句中的 “在上班高峰期时在地铁站里 ”含有两个状语,一个为时间状语,另一个为地点状语。在英语表达习惯里,表时间的状语比表地点的状语要更远离中心语,故译为 at the subway stations in the rush hours。 4在最后一句中, “地铁报之所以受欢迎是因为 ”如果直译为 the reasons why the subway newspapers are popular are that则显得生硬,
18、再后接句子则更显拖沓,故此处宜用名词短语处理 “地铁报受欢迎 ”,译为 their being popular,作主语; “因为 ”译成 lie in,作谓语,后接宾语从句; “名人动态 ”在此语境下指的是 “名人的新闻 ”,故译为 celebrity news; “配有 ”用介词 with表示伴随,使句子简单流畅。 【知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案】 In China, it is difficult to understand many behaviors and speeches without knowing the concept of “face“. Face is comm
19、only viewed as social perspective of a persons reputation and prestige. Therefore, Chinese people have been paying close attention to their face. Losing face will result in ones loss of authority in the interpersonal communication. Usually the Chinese will not point out embarrassing facts in public
20、so as to avoid making another person lose face. If we want to give face to somebody, we can praise him in public, appreciate his ability or show respect to him. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “ 很难理解 ” 可套用句型 it is+a +to do sth (做某事怎么样 ),译作 it is difficult to understand。条件状语 “如果不了解 面子 的含义 ”可用从句来表达 if you dont know th
21、e concept of“face”,也可用介词短语 without knowing the concept of“face”来翻译。 2第 2句 “面子通常可理解为社会对 的看法 ”虽然没有被动标识词,实际上有被动含义,故英译时须体现,译作 face is commonly viewed as 。 “对一个人名誉和声望的 ”用介词短语 of a persons reputation and prestige来表达。 3倒数第 2句中的 “从而避免让另一个人丢面子 ”表目的,故将其处理成目的状语,用不定式短语 so as to avoid making来表达,动词 avoid后接动名词形式。
22、4最后一句为无主语句,英译时,应增译主语 you或者 we,此处用 we更符合上下文的论述。 “在大众面前 ”,可译为 in front of other people,但更地道的表达是in public,如 “她不好意思在大众面前唱歌 ”,译为 She is too shy to sing in public。 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答案】 In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts are usually packaged in
23、 red or other festive colors. But white and black are not suitable in the packaging. When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely. In this case, you could try to offer the present once again. Usually, the recipient wont open the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are so
24、me taboos in giving gifts. For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella“ has the same pronunciation with another word “separate“ in Chinese. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合 ”不能直译成presenting gifts should consider the specific situation and oc
25、casion,因为在英语表达习惯中, consider的施动者应该是人而不是事情,故翻译时应增加代词 we或one作主语。 2第 4句中 “在这种情况下 ”既可译为 in this case,也可译为 in under the circumstances, in such a situation等。状语 “再一次 ”可译作 once again,并按英语的表达习惯置于句末。 3翻译倒数第 2句时,可套用 notuntil( 直到 才 )句型,译作 the recipient wontuntil the guest leaves 。 4最后一句中举例的部分 “如 ,因为 ” 使用的文字较多,宜拆译为另一个句子,译作 For example 。 “给夫妻送伞就不合适 ”可用 it is+a +to do sth这种句型来表达,译 作 it is inappropriate to present an umbrella 【知识模块】 汉译英
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