1、大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 321及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 本草纲目 (The Compendium of Materia Medica)是 明代 (the Ming Dynasty)著名的医学家李时珍所著。这部著作近乎 200万字,记载 药物(medical substance)1892种。除了 中草药 (Chinese herbalmedicine),该书也包含了动物和矿物质作为药物的记载。 本草纲目堪称中医史上最完整的医书,对各种药物的名称、气味、形态等都做了详尽的介绍。它被翻译成 20多种语言并在全世界广为流传。即便现在,人们还常常将它用作
2、医学参考书。 2 杭州市拥有世界上最大的 公用自行车系统 (bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有 2700个公用自行车租赁站点,共计 66500辆车。计划至 2020年,公共自行车的数量将增至 175000辆。租用自行车需要 智能卡 (smart card),可在任意站点租车、在任意站点还车。租车骑行 1小时内免费 , 1小时以上则按每小时1元收费。公用自行车系统对缓解杭州市的交通 拥堵 (congestion)起到了很大的作用。 3 元代 (the Yuan Dynasty)是中国 瓷器 (porcelain)发展史上一个重要的时期。基于先前朝代的烧制技术,景德镇成功地制
3、作出 青花瓷 (the blue and white porcelain)。元青花瓷富丽雄浑,其风格与传统的瓷器大相径庭。元青花瓷的出现也使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷业的中心。元青花瓷制作精美而且传世极 少,因此异常珍贵。青花瓷的制作在 明清两朝 (the Ming and Qing Dynasties)得到进一步发展,其中的精品是许多收藏家的终极目标。 4 赤壁 (Chibi)是中国著名的古战场,位于今天的湖北省境内。赤壁之战发生在 三国时期 (the Three King-doms Period)。刘备和孙权联合起来,巧用火攻,战胜了强大的曹操军队。因此,赤壁之战成了著名的以弱胜强的战例,许多
4、军事文献都有提及。此外,在各种文学作品中也有许多关于赤壁之战的描述。 各个时代的诗人们以赤壁之战为主题写下了许多著名诗篇。 5 随着生活水平的提高, 保健品 (health care products)日益受到中国人的喜爱。人们花费大量金钱来购买能量饮料、维生素药片和美容饮品。这些保健品宣称含有 抗氧化物 (antioxidants),能使人增强体质、延缓衰老。然而,最近有研究表明抗氧化物可能只是一个医学童话。几乎没有什么数据可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病。专家认为,要打败 氧化作用 (oxidative stress),就要多运动,多 吃水果和蔬菜。 大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷
5、321答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 The Compendium of Materia Medica is written by Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. With almost 2 million Chinese characters, the book lists 1,892 kinds of medical substances. Besides Chinese herbal medicines, it includes animals and miner
6、als used as medical substances. The Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most complete medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Detailed introductions of all the medical substances are given in the book, including name, smell, appearance, etc It has been translated int
7、o more than 20 languages and spreads all over the world. Even now it is still often used as a reference book in medicine. 【试题 解析】 1第 1句中 “著名的医学家 ”和 “李时珍 ”所指为同一个人,故将前者处理为后者的同位语,表达为 Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist。 2第 2句为并列的两个汉语短句,合为一句翻译的处理办法是将其中一个句子“介词化 ”,将前半句用介词短语 With almost 2 million Chines
8、e characters来表达,符合英语中多用介词短语的表达习惯。句首的 “这部著作 ”(the book)移到第 2个分句中作主语。 3第 3句中的 “作为药物的 ”可处理为 “动物和矿物质 ”的后置定语,用过去分词短语 used as medical substances表被动。 4第 4句 “本草纲目堪称 最完整的医书,对各种药物 做了详尽的介绍 ”可直译为并列结构 Thebook is regarded asand introduces in detail ,但因句子成分太多而显繁冗,故可对该句进行拆译,处理成两个独立的句子。第 2个分句 “对各种药物 做了详尽的介绍 ”可增译主语 t
9、he book,也可转换宾语 “介绍 ”(introduction)为主语,用被动语态,整句译作 Detailed introductionsare given , including. 5最后一句可按汉语句式直译为 Even now people still often use it as a reference book in medicine,但如将主语转换成 it,将句子转换成被动语态,则能与全文的论述视角更为统一。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 With 66,500 bikes in 2,700 renting stations in the city now, Hang
10、zhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world. It plans to increase to 175,000 bikes by 2020. For renting a bike, one needs a smart card. One can rent a bike and return it at any station. Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay RMB 1 yuan per hour for the extra time. The sys
11、tem is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city. 【试题解析】 1仔细分析可发现,第 1句和第 2句的意义关联性较大,第 2句中的数据恰恰能支撑说明第 1句所说的情况,故宜将这两句进行合译,把第 1句处理成主干,第 2句处理成第 1句的状语,用介词短语 with 66,500 bikes in 2,700 renting stations in the city now来表达。 2第 4句 “租用自行车 ,可在任意站点 ” 前后两个分句的内容联系不太紧密,可将其拆译为两个独立的句子。这两个分句均为无
12、主语句,翻译成英文时需要添加主语才能使英文句式完整,根据语境,均可添加表示泛指的 one作主语。 3倒数第 2句 “租车 1小时内免费, 1小时以上则按 收费 ”如果逐字对译为 Its free to rent the bike for the first hour and one needs to pay if he/she rides more than one hour则会使译文很繁冗,且不符合英语表达习惯;宜将该句的主语转换成 “自行车租借人 (bike users)”,将 1小时内的收费情况和 1小时以上的收费情况处理成并列结构,译为 Bike users can ride for
13、free for and pay for . 4最后一句中的 “对 起到了很大的作用 ”可用短语 be of great help to do sth来表达,也可用短语 play a great role in doing sth来表达, “缓解杭州市的交通拥堵 ”就 是短语中的 to do sth,故此处可译为 be of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city。 【知识模块】 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 The Yuan Dynasty is a key period in the development o
14、f Chinese porcelain industry. Based on the firing techniques of former dynasties, the blue and white porcelains had been successfully manufactured in Jingdezhen. The blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are grand and splendid, whose styles are quite different from those of the traditional p
15、orcelains. The rising of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty also made Jingdezhen the center of porcelain industry in the world at that time. Finely made and rarely handed down, the blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are extremely precious. The blue and white porcelains were furt
16、her developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some fine works are the dream targets for collectors. 【试题解析】 1第 2句中的前半句 “基于 ” 可处理为状语,译为 Based on the firing techniques of former dynasties;后半句 “景德镇成功地 ” 若逐字对译为 Jingdezhen had successfully manufactured 则不符合英 语表达习惯, “青花瓷 ”是此段落的主题,宜把 “青花瓷 ”转换为主语,用被动语态强调受动者,
17、译为 the blue and white porcelains had been successfully manufactured in Jingdezhen。 2第 3句中的 “其 ”指代的是前面提到的 “元青花瓷 ”,翻译时可将逗号后的 “其风格与 大相径庭 ”处理成非限制性定语从句 whose styles are quite different from ,使句子主次分明。 3第 4句中的 “使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷业的中心 ”可用 make sb sth.( 使某人某物成为 ) 的结构来表达,译为 made Jingdezhen the center of porcelain i
18、ndustry 。 4倒数第 2句的前半句为因,后半句为果,若直译,句子会稍显头重脚轻;此处可把果 (即 “元青花瓷异常珍贵 ”)处理成主干,即 the blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are extremely precious,而把因处理成状语,用表被动的分词短语来表达,即 finely made and rarely handed down。 5最后一句的两个分句之间意思联系不太紧密,可考虑拆译成两个独立的句子,处理为 The blue and white porcelains were further developed in
19、Some fine works arefor collectors 。 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 Located in todays Hubei Province, Chibi is a famous ancient battlefield in China. The Battle of Chibi took place in the Three Kingdoms Period. Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan and made good use of fire to defeat Cao Caos strong army. Because
20、 of this, the Battle of Chibi has become a famous example of the weak overcoming the strong, and is mentioned in many military works. Apart from this, there are a lot of descriptions about the Battle of Chibi in all kinds of literary works. Poets in different eras wrote down many famous poems with t
21、he Battle of Chibi as the theme. 【试题 解析】 1在第 1句中,为强调赤壁作为著名古战场的重要性,可将前半句处理成主干 (Chibi is a famous ancient battlefield in China),后半句处理成状语,用分词短语 located in 来表达并置于句首,使句型主次分明。 2第 3句 “刘备和孙权联合起来,巧用火攻,战胜了 ” 中有 3个动词,可将“联合 ”和 “巧用 ”处理成并列动宾结构, “战胜 ”作结果,译作 Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan and made good use of
22、fire to defeat 。此处的 “联合 ”指的是军事力量的联合而不是单纯的合作,故此处不用 cooperate,而用 join forces with。 3第 4句中 “战例 ”的定语 “著名的以弱胜强的 ”较长,可将拆成两部分处理, “著名的 ”仍处理为前置定语,后面的 “以弱胜强的 ”则处理成后置定语,用介词短语 of the weak overcoming the strong来表达,即该短语译作 a famous example of the weak overcoming the strong。 4最后一句的主干为 “诗人 们写下了诗篇 ”,在翻译时可先将这部分译出来 (po
23、ets wrote down poems),再插入其他成分。状语 “以 为主题 ”用介词短语 withas the theme来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英 5 【正确答案】 Chinese people tend to welcome health care products as the living standards improve. They would spend quite a large sum of money buying energy drinks, vitamin pills and beauty drinks. These health care products c
24、laim that they contain the antioxidants which could build bodies and slow aging. However, recent studies show that antioxidants may be just a medical fairy tale. There is little data supporting the use of antioxidants to protect against diseases. Experts say that to fight oxidative stress, people ne
25、ed to do more exercise and eat more fruits and vegetables. 【试题解析】 1在第 1句中, “随着生活水平的提高 ”是状语,可译为状语从句as the living standards improve,也可译为介 词短语 with the improvement of the living standards; “保健品日益受到中国人的喜爱 ”是句中的主体,翻译时,可沿用汉语句中的表达结构,译为 health care products become increasingly popular with Chinese people,也可
26、将主语转换为中国人 (Chinese people),将保健品转换为宾语,译为 Chinese people tend to welcome health care products。 2第 2句 中的谓宾结构 “花费大量金钱来购买 ” 可套用英语常用表达 spend time money(in)doing sth,译为 spend quite a large sum of money(fit)buying 。 3第 3句 “这些保健品宣称含有抗氧化物,能使人 ” 中包含 3个动词,如果逐字对译为 These health care products claim that they conta
27、inand make people则稍显生硬。分析该句可知, “能使人增强体质、延缓衰老 ”说的是抗氧化物(antioxidants)的作用,故在翻译时,可将其转译成抗氧化物的定语从句。 4第 5句前半部分的 “几乎没有什么数据 ”可处理成 There be结构, “几乎没有 ”用little表达; “可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病 ”是补充说明 “数据 ”的情况,可用分词短语 supporting 表达,其中的 “抗氧化物可以 ” 说的是抗氧化物的作用,译作名词短语 the use of antioxidants to 简洁明了, “可以预防疾病 ”表目的,用不定式短语 to protect against diseases来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英
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