1、大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 239及答案与解析 Section A 0 It seems you always forget your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the【 C1】 _, your credit card when you are shopping. Such absent-mindedness may be【 C2】 _to you. Now British and German scientists are developing memo
2、ry glasses that【 C3】 _everything the user sees. The glasses can play back memories【 C4】 _to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also allow the user to “label“ items so information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around a
3、n office or a factory【 C5】 _certain items by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a blank label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then【 C6】 _in. It could be used in【 C7】 _plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring complicated a device. A
4、spokesman for the project, said: “A car【 C8】 _for instance could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. “For the【 C9】 _the system could highlight accident black spots or dangers on the road.“ In other cases the glasses could be worn by peop
5、le going on a guided tour, indicating points of【 C10】 _or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified. A. later B. motorists C. moisture D. noticeable E. frustrating F. fills G. dashing H. necessity I. record J. halts K. cleaners L. mechanic M. industrial N. interest O. id
6、entifying 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Big is Back A) Corporate giants were on the defensive for decades. Now they have the advantage again. In 1996, in one of his most celebrated phrases, Bill Clinton declared that “the era of big go
7、vernment is over“. He might have added that the era of big companies was over, too. The organisation that defined capitalism for much of the 20th century was then in retreat, attacked by corporate raiders, annoyed by shareholders and outwitted by entrepreneurs (企业家 ). Great names such as Pan Am had
8、disappeared. Others had survived only by huge bloodletting: IBM sacked 122,000 people, a quarter of its workforce, between 1990 and 1995. Everyone agreed that the future lay with entrepreneurial start-ups such as Yahoo! which in late 1998 had the same market capitalisation with 637 employees as Boei
9、ng with 230,000. The share of GDP produced by big industrial companies fell by half between 1974 and 1998, from 36% to 17%. B) Today the balance of advantage may be shifting again. To a degree, the financial crisis is responsible. It has destroyed the venture-capital market, the lifeblood of many yo
10、ung firms. Governments have been rescuing companies they consider too big to fail, such as Citigroup and General Motors. Recession is squeezing out smaller and less well-connected firms. But there are other reasons too, which are giving big companies a self-confidence they have not displayed for dec
11、ades. C) Of course, big companies never went away. There were still plenty of first-rate ones: Unilever and Toyota continued to innovate through thick and thin. And not all start-ups were models of success: Netscape and Enron promised to revolutionise their industries only to crash and burn. Neverth
12、eless, the balance had shifted in favour of small organisations. The entrepreneurial boom was supercharged by two developments. Deregulation (撤销管制规定 ) opened protected markets. Some national champions, such as AT it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British
13、 education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people believe its no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decl
14、ine. But you can argue that learning another language well is more exhausting than, say, learning to play chess well it involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context. Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, r
15、elieve the hard work that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for live knowledge of the different languages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associ
16、ations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important Languages come with heavy cultural baggage too in French or German if you miss the cultural references behind a word youre very likely to be mis
17、sing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a computer. All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the worlds population in the 21st century. I dont think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to be and
18、that would in the end be a very bad thing. 26 Which of the following statements about Chinese is true? ( A) Chinese will soon become the universal language. ( B) Chinese is a language of intellectuals. ( C) There are many dialects in Chinese. ( D) Chinese will be regarded as important as English. 27
19、 According to the second paragraph, the author may most probably agree that _. ( A) other languages should be taught principally for practical reasons ( B) learning a language is to know a countrys cultural and intellectual system ( C) British education has a rational approach to the teaching of for
20、eign languages ( D) learning another language well is too exhausting and complicated 28 The worst disadvantage of computer translation is that_. ( A) the expressions used in it are always behind the times ( B) it can only be used in the translation of certain languages ( C) it cannot replace live kn
21、owledge of the different languages ( D) it can never express the implied meanings beyond word associations 29 By saying “languages come with heavy cultural baggage“, the author means that_. ( A) much unnecessary cultural background blocks the understanding of a language ( B) a language usually conta
22、ins important cultural traditions and custom ( C) it is a burden for a language learner to understand the related culture ( D) the understanding of a language is affected by the various contexts it is in 30 The author thinks it would be a bad thing if_. ( A) English is spoken by fewer people in the
23、21st century ( B) foreign languages become less important in the 21st century ( C) English is not as important as foreign languages in the 21st century ( D) foreign languages are regarded as less important in the 21st century 大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 239答案与解析 Section A 【 知识模块】 词汇理解 1 【正确答案】 K 【试题解析】 由前面的
24、the,可知此处应为名词,再根据上下文的并列结构及关键词 “coat“,可推断此处是一个表示地点的名词,在词库中只能选 cleaners。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 2 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 此处应该是形容词,或动词的现在分词,充当 be的表语。根据absent-mindedness可以判断该词应表消极意义,因此答案为 frustrating。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 3 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析 】 此处应为及物动词,在从句中作谓语, that指代 memory glasses,根据主谓一致的原则,可知该词为动词原形。词库中的动词原形只有 record。另外根据上下文可以推断记忆
25、眼镜可以记录佩戴者看到的东西,因此答案是record。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此处可以是副词,作句子的状语;也可能是形容词或动词分词,作memories的后置定语。但根据句中 playback, helpremember 等词及该句句意,可以推断 later最适合。 【知识模块 】 词汇理解 5 【正确答案】 O 【试题解析】 此处可能是动词的现在分词结构,该动词是及物动词,宾语是certain items。该句是对上一句的举例说明,根据上句中的 “label”items可以推断该动词表明的意思与 label相近,都有 “辨别 ”之义,因此答案是 iden
26、tifying。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 6 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此处应为第三人称单数动词,可与介词 in搭配,构成从句的谓语。分析该句的成分,可以发现该动词词组的宾语是 a blank label,而从句 应表明由使用者填写空白标签,因此 fills最合适。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 7 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 此处应为形容词。根据 plants, mechanics, machine parts等词,可以确定该形容词为 industrial。 industrial plants意为 “工厂 ”。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 8 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处应为名词。由
27、 for instance可知本句是为了举例说明记忆眼镜对什么人有用处。根据下文的 repair,可以推断空白处表示的是 修理工人,词库中只有 mechanic符合要求。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此处应为名词。该句是另一个说明记忆眼镜如何应用于现实生活的例子,因此该名词也是表示人的名词,而从下文的 accident black spots和 dangers on the road可以推断 motorists为正确答案。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 10 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此处应为名词,语义与 guided tour有关,只有 interest最适合
28、,points of interest意为 “景点 ”。 【知识模块】 词汇理解 Section B 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 11 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 根据专有名词 Boeing及难词 subcontracting可定位至 E段第 4、 5句。第 5句提到的 Boeing是为了说明上一句提到的承包商达不到标准对一些公司的影响,本题的 threaten its production cycle与原文的 their production cycles can be broken up意思相近,故 E为本题出处 。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 12 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 本题与政府
29、的决策有关,全文只有在最后两段提到相关信息。其中I段最后一句提出建议, “最好的策略是 ” ,所述与本题基本相符,而该段前面就提到了不要一味地支持大企业,故本题出处在 I段。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 13 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 根据专有名词 Silicon Valley及 economic ecosystem定位至 G段首句。该句前半句说一个成功的经济生态系统应该包括不同的大小企业;而后半句则说硅谷既 有久负盛名的企业,也拥有一系列新企业,符合前半句说的标准,故本题信息与原文相符。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的关键词是 entrepreneur
30、ial boom“创业潮 ”。与此相关的信息在 C段。该段第 5句提到有两件事情加速了 “创业潮 ”。一是管制规定的撤销开放了受保护的市场,二是由个人电脑及网络的诞生造就的一大批成功的新企业。本题是对这两个因素的概括。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题 解析】 根据关键词 venture-capital market及 financial crisis定位至 B段第2、 3句。第 3句首的 It指代上一句的 financial crisis,该句所述与本题相符,故本题出处在 B段。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题有关大型企业的倒闭或衰落
31、,文章的 A、 C两段有相关信息。再根据 corporate raiders及 shareholders annoyance等信息可定位至 A段第 4、 5句,其中第 4句分述了造成大企业倒闭的三方面, 与本题所述相符,故 A为本题出处。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 17 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 根据 core、 businesses及 joint business可定位至 H段最后三句。倒数第 2、 3句否定了 joint business的模式,最后一句则与题目意思一致,说成功的企业会专注于其核心业务,故本题出处在 H段。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 18 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】
32、根根 big company is not always ugly可定位至 F段前三句。该部分提到作者指出 没有必要 (Not necessarily)去担忧大企业的回归,大企业并不都是好的,正如小企业并不总是美好的一样。本题概括了前三句的内容,故 F段是本题出处。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据 biotechnology industry及 produce fruit可定位到 D段倒数第2句。该句中的 doesnot bear fruit for years与题目中的 takes many yearsto produce fruit意思相近,两句意思一致
33、,故 D段为本题出 处。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 20 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 根据 Cloud computing定位至 F段倒数第 2句。该句提到了 “云计算 ”的功用,该句暗示 “云计算 ”也能为年轻的公司提供强大的计算能力,这与本题所述相符, F段为本题出处。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 21 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 词义推测题。句中短语 keepfrom 有助于理解考点的意义,building a mental snowball是一种暗 喻,作者想表达人的情绪像滚雪球似的积聚直至失控之意,根据上下文可判断出该表达法在此处的意义为
34、选项 D。本文的主题是 patience,而选项 A、 B、 C都与主题无关。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 22 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本段的第 1句为主题句,理解 go a long way toward是解题的关键,该短语意为 “对 大有帮助 ”,并不是 “花长时间 ”的意思,因此,选项 B为正确选项,而选项 A对 go a long way toward理解错误。选项 C和D都只是该段中心思想的片断,概括 不够全面。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 23 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。从第 2段最后两句可以推断出正确答案应为选项 C。选项 A与本段第 1句意思相反
35、。本段第 3句虽有提到 classroom和 curriculum等与学习有关的词语,但它们是一种暗喻,不能因此推断选项 B。选项 D最具干扰性,因为倒数第 2句有 success一词,但只要对该句理解正确,就能排除此选项了。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 24 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查对比处。第 3段开头将有耐心 和没耐心的两种人在面对困境时的态度进行对比,可以推断选项 B为正确选项。根据同一段可发现其他三个选项都是有耐心的人面对困境时的态度。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 25 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。作者通过阐明耐心的重要性,如何培养耐心和拥有耐心的好
36、处来劝说读者要更加耐心,由此可见选项 A正确。选项 B、 C和 D分别只是文章三个段落的大意,而并非对全文主题的概括。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 26 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考 查复合句的理解。本题最大的干扰选项是 B,理解第 1段最后一句是关键。可以先把定语从句和分词结构去掉,剩下的就是对Chinese的完整描述,即: a language of intellectuals alongside a large number of variations,由此可见,选项 B过于片面。 A项与首段第 2句不符, D项未提及。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读
37、27 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 观点态度题。本题其实是要求判断说法的正误。第 2段的第 2句表明了作者的态度,也就是选项 B。选项 A、 C都与原文的陈述不符,选项 D不是作者的观点。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 28 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考查强对比处。第 3段第 5句中的 Still more important是答题的关键,表明紧接着的才是计算机翻译最大的缺点,而前面提到的都不是最严重的,由此可推断选项 A和 C不对,而选项 B在文中并无相关细节支持。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 29 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 词义推断题。本题主要考查 baggage一词的
38、理解。 baggage带有“惯例、传统 ”的意 思,但这个意思并不包括在考纲词汇里。 baggage虽有 “包袱、累赘 ”之义,但从文中可见, baggage是与前一句中的 context同样重要的东西,都能影响对语言的理解,因此,作者使用这个词并无贬义,由此可否定选项 A和C。从 baggage后的 too一词可推断, baggage是与 context不同的影响理解语言的因素,由此也可否定选项 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 30 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查含有插入成分的句子的理解。最后一段最后一句中的 a very bad thing是两个不同句子中的表语,应把句子重新整理为 “but they might be perceived to be a very bad thing, andthat would in the end be a very bad thing too”,而且只有选项 D中的 regard表达了 perceive的意思,因此可以确定选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读
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