[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷884及答案与解析.doc

1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 884及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Job-searching Experience. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 1介绍得到这次求职信息的途径 2叙述这次求职经历的全过程 3谈谈你对这次经历

2、的感受或体会 A Job-Searching Experience 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees wit

3、h the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Do Clean Smell Encourage Clean Behavior Years ago, social scientists introduced the broken-windows theory of crim

4、e control, which assumed that if a neighborhood looked orderly and cared for with no broken windows potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from committing crimes there. Now psychologists have proposed a similar theory, which suggests that people can be induced to behave morally when their environme

5、nt smells as clean as it looks. Its the Macbeth principle of morality, says Katie Liljenquist, professor of organizational leadership at Brigham Young Universitys Marriott School of Management and lead author of the new study, to be published in Psychological Science. “There is a strong link between

6、 moral and physical purity that people associate at a core level. People feel contaminated (受污染的 ) by immoral choices and try to wash away their sins,“ says Liljenquist. “To some degree, washing actually is effective in relieving guilt. What we wondered was whether you could regulate ethical behavio

7、r through cleanliness. We found that we could. “ In two separate experiments, researchers were able to influence participants behavior by exposing them to “cleanliness“ in the form of a common cleaning agents smell in this case, orange-scented Windex (清新剂 ). It turned out that people who sat in a ro

8、om sprayed with Windex were more likely to act fairly and charitably than those in unscented air. The first experiment involved an anonymous game of trust. The 28 study participants were told they would be “receivers,“ with whom a group of anonymous “senders“ had been instructed to invest money. Par

9、ticipants were told that each sender had been given $ 4 and told that any part of it invested with receivers would be tripled. The job of the receiver, then, was to decide what portion of the dividends to return to the sender. In reality, there was no sender, and each study participant received $12,

10、 making it seem as though the senders had entrusted them with the full $ 4 they had been given. But would the receivers return that trust or exploit their unidentified investors? On average, those in the plain-smelling room returned $2.5 to the sender, pocketing the lions share of the money. But tho

11、se bathed in the scent of Windex sent back an average of $ 5.5, returning the senders blind faith. The scientists insist they didnt overdo it with the Windex, just a few spritzes(喷 ) so we can get. rid of brain-cell death or poisoning-induced generosity as reasons why those receivers gave back so mu

12、ch of the stolen property. Rather, Liljenquist says, “a moral awareness was awakened in a clean-smelling environment. “ In the second experiment, researchers aimed to manipulate peoples tendency toward charity. Ninety-nine participants were assigned to either a Windex-scented room or a neutral-smell

13、ing room and given a packet of tasks to complete. Included in the packet was a flyer requesting volunteers and donations to the charity Habitat for Humanity. As expected, people in the Windex-sprayed room were more inclined to volunteer and give money than those in the unscented room 22% of those in

14、 the clean group said they wanted to donate money, compared with 6% of the controls. According to co-author Adam Galinsky, a social psychologist at Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management, society relies on incentives(刺激，动机 ), in the form of rewards and punishments, to encourage people

15、 to adjust to certain standards of behavior. “Economists and even psychologists havent been paying much attention to the fact that small changes in our environment can have dramatic effects on behavior. We underemphasize these subtle environmental cues,“ he says. Liljenquist says the real-life impli

16、cations of the study could be as simple as an office investing more in janitorial supplies (清洁用品 ) than in expensive investigation equipment to keep workers in line. Other researchers suggest, however, that perhaps it wasnt the clean smell that made people more virtuous in the new study, but rather

17、the smell of orange; that is, people may have behaved better because they smelled something they liked, rather than something “clean.“ “It could be simply that a positive smell creates a positive mood, which encourages positive behavior. You cannot conclude it is cleanliness of itself,“ says Brown U

18、niversity psychologist Rachel Herz, author of The Scent of Desire. To rule out the contradictory factor of good smells, she says, the studys authors could have added a third room to the experiment scented with recently baked chocolate chip cookies, for example. Nevertheless, both morality researcher

19、s and olfactory(嗅觉的 ) scientists agree that people do strongly associate physical cleanliness with purity of conscience. It is the notion at the heart of proverbs like “cleanliness is next to godliness“ and evidenced by the widespread use of cleansing ceremonies to wash away sins in various religion

20、s around the world. (Truth be told, that practice is merely a reckoning of an evolutionary strategy to avoid disease.) For their part, Liljenquist and Galinsky say they controlled for the good-mood effect by giving participants in the second experiment a mood-screening questionnaire. They also say t

21、heir results are consistent with existing written material on cleanliness and morality. For instance, in one of Liljenquists earlier studies, she found, among other things, that cleaning hands after writing about a moral violation made people feel less guilty about it. Other researchers have also ta

22、ckled the issue of morality and smell, but from the opposite end of the scope. A paper published last year in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that people are more critical and judgmental about certain moral issues when exposed to the vapors of a smelly-scented spray. Yes, a s

23、melly-scented spray is a commercially available product. By the way, according to a psychologist who has worked with it in experiments, it is nearly impossible to get rid of it. Orange-scented Windex certainly makes for a nicer lab environment, which perhaps has something to do with Liljenquists con

24、tinued interest in this line of study. “Research on how to stay on the moral high ground and promote virtue,“ she says, “is something I find refreshing. “ 2 The broken-windows theory of crime control assumed that if a neighborhood is well managed, _. （ A） potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from

25、 breaking windows. （ B） psychologist would suggest people behave morally. （ C） it is less likely that people would commit crime there. （ D） it would smei1 as clean as it looks. 3 According to the Macbeth principle of morality, washing is a way to _. （ A） show strong link between moral and physical p

26、urity. （ B） get rid of things which are contaminated. （ C） relieve guilt （ D） regulate ethical behavior 4 How much did the people in the plain-smelling room pocket during the experiment? （ A） $4. （ B） $9.5. （ C） $2.5. （ D） $5.5. 5 Why did the scientists scent the room with only a few sprays of Winde

27、x in the experiment? （ A） Because they wanted to rule out of other explanations for peoples behavior. （ B） Because they didnt want the subjects to notice the smell. （ C） Because Windex are poisonous. （ D） Because they would like to keep the room clean. 6 What did Adam Galinsky believe? （ A） People s

28、hould get reward to be encouraged to behave well （ B） Our behavior would be greatly influenced by changes in our environment. （ C） Economists and psychologists hadnt been paying much attention to the smell changes. （ D） People often neglected environment changes. 7 According to Liljenquist, what is

29、the implication of the study? （ A） People should buy more janitorial supplies. （ B） People should not invest in expensive investigation. （ C） People should use more Windex. （ D） People should make the environment much cleaner. 8 Whats the flaw of the experiment according to Rachel Herz? （ A） It shou

30、ld have added a third room with orange smell. （ B） It should have used chocolate cookies smell instead of Windex spray. （ C） It didnt exclude the factor of good smell from clean smell. （ D） It didnt provide the subjects with chocolate cookies. 9 According to scientists, many people believe that phys

31、ical cleanliness is trongly linked to _. 10 One of Liljenquists study showed that if people clean hands after writing about a moral violation, they would feel _. 11 A paper published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that when people are exposed to smelly scent, they will be

32、 more _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be

33、a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Self-conscious. （ B） Talkative. （ C） Easy-going. （ D） Hostile. （ A） He is working hard all the time. （ B） He is lazy all the time. （ C） He works hard so as to get his three meals

34、. （ D） He often has his three meals on time. （ A） Eight words. （ B） Ten words. （ C） Twenty-four words. （ D） Forty-eight words. （ A） In a library. （ B） In a bank. （ C） In a supermarket. （ D） In a grocery store. （ A） 121 dollars. （ B） 374 dollars. （ C） 53 dollars. （ D） 232 dollars. （ A） They should wa

35、tch the clock carefully. （ B） They should be careful of their handwriting. （ C） They should finish their assignment early. （ D） They should hand in their homework next week. （ A） It is close to the commercial center of a city. （ B） Mr Smith will pull it down and build a new building there. （ C） Mr S

36、mith will sell it to a person living near the city center. （ D） It will be rented to a person selling fruits. （ A） She is sure to come to the party tomorrow evening. （ B） She will not come to the party tomorrow evening. （ C） She has not made up her idea about it. （ D） She has made up her idea to be

37、present at the party. （ A） In 1886. （ B） In 1892. （ C） In 1893. （ D） In 1895. （ A） Wonderful. （ B） Exciting. （ C） Not bad. （ D） Awful. （ A） They can take good care of their parents. （ B） They can have more time to work. （ C） They can not afford a new house. （ D） They can eat the already-done dinner

38、after work. （ A） Because she lived with her parents. （ B） Because her husband had had a nervous breakdown. （ C） Because she had less strain. （ D） Because she could speak French and German fluently. （ A） It is very common for the young people to live with their parents. （ B） People usually get sick u

39、nder great strain. （ C） The husband in the movie takes sleeping pills sometimes to sleep well. （ D） The couple in the movie finally has their own house. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage a

40、nd the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Between one hundred and three hundred （ B） Between two hundred and four hundred. （ C） Between two hundred and three hundred. （ D） Between one hundred

41、 and two hundred. （ A） Students cheat on exams. （ B） Individuals take advantage of other people. （ C） Politicians tell lies in their dealings. （ D） Businessmen do not keep their contracts. （ A） There is still honesty. （ B） There is no honesty. （ C） Honesty is not important. （ D） None of the above. （

42、 A） Because the family was extremely large. （ B） Because he didnt live very long with them. （ C） Because he was too young when he lived with them. （ D） Because he was fully occupied with observing nature. （ A） He was first of all a scientist. （ B） He was a naturalist but not a scientist. （ C） He was

43、 no more than a born naturalist. （ D） He was a scientist as well as a naturalist. （ A） Because he came up with solutions in a most natural way. （ B） Because he lacked some of the qualities required of a scientist. （ C） Because he had a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic. （ D） Because he j

44、ust read about other peoples observations and discoveries. （ A） A man w. ho is courageous. （ B） A man who knows his faults. （ C） A man who knows his weakness. （ D） A man who has a clear knowledge of himself. （ A） People became courageous. （ B） Socrates taught young men evil things. （ C） Socrates ide

45、as did harm to their ruling. （ D） People were encouraged to ask questions about themselves. （ A） 25 days. （ B） 30 days. （ C） 35 days. （ D） 40 days. （ A） Socrates was hanged by the rulers of Rome. （ B） Socrates was calm and cheerful after he was arrested. （ C） Socrates ideas had a great influence upo

46、n the Western culture. （ D） Socrates friends and pupils did a lot to help Socrates out of prison. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for th

47、e second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 34

48、For most of us, the purpose of the holidays is to bring peace, love, and goodwill towards all. Yet, for many, the holiday season often means stress,【 B1】 _, pressure, disappointment and loneliness. These feelings, often known as the “holiday blues“, may be even more【 B2】_this year, due to the emotio

49、nal disturbance of the past few months, not to mention the【 B3】 _ economy. Exports say even the more ritual tasks of shopping, 【 B4】 _, late-night parties, cooking, planning and family【 B5】 _can be holiday stressors. Most experts say the predominant culprits (罪魁祸首 ) responsible for the depression many 【 B6】 _during the holidays are the very people they love the most their family. “Holiday blues or depression makes sense,“ says John Stutesman, a clinical psychologist a