1、大学英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷 23及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Do you find getting up in the morning so diff
2、icult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new【 1】 . He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that youre “hot“. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of
3、 body temperature is at its【 2】 . For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such【 3】 monologues as: “Get up, John Youll be late for work again.“ The possible explanation to the trouble is
4、 that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives【 4】 what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You cant【 5】 your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, D
5、r. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by【 6】 staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day,【 7】 before your usual hour. This w
6、ont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a【 8】 yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying th
7、em out the night before. Whenever possible, do【 9】 work in the afternoon and save tasks【 10】 more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. A. rise B. realize C. peak D. intimate E. leisurely F. routine G. familiar H. maximum I. requiring J. habitually K. naturally L. explanation M. change N.
8、commenting O. increase 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 10 Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and【 1】 . The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when
9、a devastating (毁灭性的 ) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the【 2】outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears a
10、re often【 3】 and may even be counterproductive (使达不到预期目标的 ). Humans are the only animals【 4】 known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given【 5】 to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that【 6】 survival. Although som
11、e observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain【 7】 . So, it appears, there must be something spe
12、cial about tears themselves. Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently【 8】 two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are fo
13、und only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such【 9】 . Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of 【 10】 human ills and monitoring drugs. A. attention B. overwhelming C. ina
14、ppropriate D. embarrassed E. diagnosing F. indispensable G. rise H. isolated I. definitely J. enhance K. aspiration L. emotional M. repelled N. substance O. increasingly 11 【 1】 12 【 2】 13 【 3】 14 【 4】 15 【 5】 16 【 6】 17 【 7】 18 【 8】 19 【 9】 20 【 10】 20 The Internet is an international collection of
15、 computer networks that all understand a standard system of addresses and commands, connected together through backbone(中枢 ) systems. It was started in 1969, when the U.S. Department of Defense【 1】 a nationwide network to connect a handful of universities and contractors (订约人 ). The【 2】 idea was to
16、increase computing capacity that could be shared by users in many locations and to find out what it would take for computer networks to【 3】 a nuclear war or other disasters by providing multiple paths between users. People on the ARPNET (as this nationwide network was originally called) quickly disc
17、overed that they could exchange messages and conduct electronic “conferences“ with distant colleagues for【 4】 that had nothing to do with the military industrial complex. If somebody else had something interesting【 5】 on their computer, it was a simple matter to obtain a copy (assuming the owner did
18、 not protect it). Over the years, additional networks joined which added【 6】 to more and more computers. The first international connections, to Norway and England, were added in 1973. Today thousands of networks and millions of computers are connected to the Internet. It is growing so quickly that
19、nobody can say【 7】 how many users “on the Net“. The Internet is the largest repository (知识库 ) of information which can provide very large network resources. The network resources can be【 8】 into network facilities resources and network information resources. The network facilities resources provide
20、us the ability of【 9】 computation and communication. The network information resources provides us all kinds of information【 10】 , such as science, education, business, history, law, art, and entertainment, etc. A. access B. original C. divided D. survive E. debates F. established G. purposes H. gen
21、uine I. exactly J. remote K. possibility L. stored M. totally N. services O. maintain 21 【 1】 22 【 2】 23 【 3】 24 【 4】 25 【 5】 26 【 6】 27 【 7】 28 【 8】 29 【 9】 30 【 10】 30 Once they decided to have children, MiShel and Carl Meissner tackled the next big issue: Should they try to have a girl? It was no
22、 small matter. MiShels brother had become blind from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a【 1】 passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 per cent chance of having the condition. A girl would be【 2】 . The British couple
23、s inquiries about gender selection led them in 1999 to Virginia, US where a new sperm (精子 )-separation technique, called MicroSort, was under【 3】 . When MiShel became pregnant, she gave birth to a daughter. They will try to have a second daughter using the technique later this year. The technique se
24、parates sperm into two groups those that carry the X-chromosome (producing a female baby) and those that carry the Y-chromosome (producing a male baby). The technology was developed in 1990s, but last months opening of a laboratory in California【 4】 the companys first expansion. “We believe the numb
25、er of people who want this technology is greater than those who have【 5】 to it,“ said Keith L. Blauer, the companys clinical director. This is not only a【 6】 effective way to select a childs gender. It also brings a host of ethical (伦理的 ) and practical considerations especially for the majority of f
26、amilies who use the technique for【 7】 reasons. The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a gender-linked【 8】 disease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance“ their family by having a baby of the opposite sex. The technology is still【 9】 . Howe
27、ver, Blauer says the company has an impressive success rate: 91 per cent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 per cent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful. The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X-chromosome is larger tha
28、n the Y-chromosome. A machine is used to【 10】 the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly. The result is then checked using another type of DNA analysis to ensure that it contains mostly X-or Y-bearing sperm. The desired sample is then used for artificial insemination (授精 ) or test tube fert
29、ilization. A. genetic B. overlapped C. marked D. unaffected E. perpetually F. investigation G. access H. feat I. disorder J. gropes K. experimental L. seemingly M. elicit N. nonmedical O. distinguish 31 【 1】 32 【 2】 33 【 3】 34 【 4】 35 【 5】 36 【 6】 37 【 7】 38 【 8】 39 【 9】 40 【 10】 大学英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷 23答案
30、与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处需要可数名词单数。根据后一句 “他已证明每个人都有一个日能量周期 ”,可推
31、断此处为 “发现 ”、 “看法 ”或 “解释 ”之类的词。因此 explanation正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此处需填名词,且与 at构成词组。根据上一句的 youre“hot”及本句的 most energetic,可知此处指体温达到 “最高 ”。 peak和 maximum都可表达此义,但只有 peak能与 at搭 配, at ones peak reach ones peak意为 “达到巅峰 ”。而 maximum与 reach搭配。 reach a maximum意为 “达到最大值 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 此
32、处需要形容词,修饰 monologues。根据 as后的话语,可得出答案为 familiar,意为 “熟悉的 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此处需要及物动词原形,作谓语。根据宾语 what these energy cycles mean,可推测该词表 “知道,明白 ”之义,由此可得出答案为 realize。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 此处需要及物动词原形,作谓语。由 but转折可知我们只能让生活来适应能量周期,因此能量周期是不能被改变的,故可得出答案为 change。另外,下文本段最后一句提到 “This wont change
33、your cycle”,这更进一步证实了change是正确的。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 此处需要副词,修饰 staying up later。根据前文所说 “Habit can help”,可知此处指可以通过习惯来对抗能量周期,因此答案为 habitually。而从上一句的 must stay up late anyway,可知 naturally(自然地 )不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此处需要填不及物动词原形,作主句的谓语。根据 if条件句的内容,可得出答案为 rise(起床 )。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 E
34、 【试题解析】 此处需要形容词。根据上一句中的 a slow start,可选出答案leisurely,意为 “从容不迫的,不慌不忙的 ”。注意这个词的词尾 ly,会被误认为是副词,其实该词既可作副词,也可作形容词。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此处需填形容词。词库中能修饰 work的最佳形容词是 routine。routine work意为 “例行公事,常规工作 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 此处需要及物动词的现在分词形式,作 tasks的后置定语。 more energy or concentration是完成任务所要有的,因此
35、 requiring正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此处需要一个表示感受的贬义形容词,在纯形容词中无合适词汇,只能考虑分词, embarrassed与 feel可以搭配使用,并与 uncomfortable语义一致。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处需要一个形容词限定 outpouring, tears是情绪的宣泄手段,故选 emotional。 【 知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此处需要一个贬义形容词修饰 responses, inappropriate“不适当的 ”与后面的 cou
36、nterproductive“使达不到预期目标的 ”语义并列。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 此处需要一个副词修饰 known, definitely“明确地 ”符合句意。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 give rise to为固定短语,意为 “引起 ”。 【知识 模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 此处需要一个动词,用原形, enhance“提高,增强 ”符合句意。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此处需要一个名词与 gain搭配,且语义结构与前文的 get help一致,故选 attenti
37、on。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 此处需要一个动词,用过去分词形式,且能够与 from搭配,isolated“使隔离,使孤立 ”符合句意。 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此处需要一个与 chemicals同义的名词,故选 substance“物质 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 此处需要一个动名词,下文的 ill和 drug决定了选 diagnosing“诊断 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 21 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此处需要及物动词的过去式,作谓语。该句的主语是 the U
38、S Department of Defense,宾语是 network,由此可以推断 出答案为established(建立 )。 【知识模块】 阅读 22 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此处需填形容词,修饰 idea。上一句提到因特网始于 1969年,接着该句描述了当初建立网络的目的,因此可知 original正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 23 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此处需填入及物动词,且为原形。本句仍为当初建立网络的目的,而根据其宾语 a nuclear war or other disasters,可选出 survive,意为 “幸存,幸免于 ”。 【知识 模块】 阅读 24 【
39、正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 此处需名词。根据其后的 that定语从句知道描述的正是最初建立网络的 “目的 ”,因此应该很容易就确定 purposes 最为合适。 【知识模块】 阅读 25 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处需动词过去分词,构成 have sth done结构。根据下文的obtain a copy,可知 something interesting是在计算机里面的,由此可知 stored正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 26 【正确答案】 A 【试 题解析】 此处需填名词。根据上文的 additional networks joined,可以推测网络使越来越多的计算机连接在一起,因此
40、 access符合这一要求。 【知识模块】 阅读 27 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 此处需要副词。根据 so quickly和 how many可得出答案为exactly(准确地 )。 【知识模块】 阅读 28 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此处需填动词的过去分词,构成被动语态,且能与 into搭配。根据上下文句意,即可推测该词为 “分开 ”之义,所以 答案为 divided。 divide into意为 “分成 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 29 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】 此处需形容词,修饰 computation and communication。前文第一段已提到人们可以通过网络
41、与远处的同事互换信息及进行电子 “会议 ”,所以该形容词应与距离有关,因此 remote最合适,意思是 “远程的 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 30 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此处需填名词。由下文 such as后的列举的科学、教育、商业等,可知 services正确。 information services意为 “信息服务 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 31 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 此处应为单数名词。根据该句中的 blind一词可以知道句中提到的condition其实是一种 “疾病 ”, “不正常的情况 ”,显然 disorder为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读
42、32 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 此处应为动词的分词形式或形容词,表示女孩的状态。根据该段对这种遗传病的描述可以知道生女孩可以避免遗传到这种病,因此,空白 处的单词应该表明 “没事 ”、 “不受影响 ”等,因此本题答案为 unaffected。 【知识模块】 阅读 33 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此处应为名词,可与 under搭配,表明精子分离技术的现状。在名词词库中, investigation是最适合本题的词, under investigation表明这种技术正处于发展研究当中。 【知识模块】 阅读 34 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此处应为动词过去式。本句的内容表明实验室
43、的启动 “标志 ”着该公司的第一次扩张,因此答案为 marked。 【知识模块】 阅读 35 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 此处应为名词,可与 have和 to搭配成 have n. to sth的词组。根据搭配的要求在名词词库中寻找,可以发现 access为本题答案。 have access to意为 “有权能够使用 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读 36 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此处应为副词,形容这种新技术有效使用的程度或范围。根据上文描述的个案,可以知道这种技术 “看起来 ”很有用,而在副词词库中, seemingly具有与此相同的意思,因此 本题答案为 seemingly。 【知识模
44、块】 阅读 37 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此处应为修饰成分,可为名词、形容词或动词的分词。从破折号前的 ethical and practical considerations可以知道空白处提到的原因可能有悖伦理标准,即并非处于医学上的需要而使用了这种技术,由此可见, nonmedical是本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 38 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此处应为修饰成分,可为名词、形容词或动词的分词。从本文首段提到的个案和本句 提到的 gender-linked可以推断空白处的单词应表明 “遗传性 ”疾病,因此 genetic为本题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 39 【正确答案】
45、K 【试题解析】 此处应为形容词或动词的分词,作句子的表语。从本句中的 still和下句 However引出的内容可以知道,这种技术虽然成功率很高,但研究仍没有定论,因此本题答案应为 experimental,表明技术仍处于 “试验阶段 ”。在形容词词库中, nonmedical也可用于形容 technology,但很明显,本文提到的技术就是与医学有关的,所以不 选。 【知识模块】 阅读 40 【正确答案】 O 【试题解析】 空白处应为原形动词。该句中的 size differences和 sort都表明机器起到 “筛选 ”、 “分辨 ”的作用,因此本题答案为 distinguish。 【知识模块】 阅读
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