[外语类试卷]托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编5及答案与解析.doc

1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 5及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain

2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e

3、ssay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Though modern agricultural practices damage the environment, feeding the worlds growing population is more important than protecting against environmental damage. Use specific reasons and examples to support

4、your answer. 2 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on

5、 the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or

6、 disagree with the following statement? In order to attract good students, many universities spend a lot of money on extracurricular activities such as clubs and student government. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Re

7、ading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture yo

8、u heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help

9、you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to pl

10、an and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. As peoples awareness of oral health has increased, more and more patients are going to the dentist to have their cavities filled. There are now plenty of kinds of dental materi

11、als for people to choose from and so traditional amalgam fillings made from mercury should be banned. Repairing teeth with mercury is harmful to peoples health. After repairing teeth with amalgam fillings, mercury can evaporate from the fillings during the chewing process and be absorbed by the body

12、 into blood circulation. Long-term intake of a small amount of mercury could cause chronic poisoning and disturb the central nervous system, causing many diseases such as restlessness, irritability, and depression. Moreover, mercury is often flushed into rivers and seas after it has been used. This

13、poses a severe threat to wildlife. Carnivores at the top of the food chain can accumulate thousands or even millions of times more mercury than what is in the water. Humans are then affected when they consume contaminated wildlife such as fish. High levels of mercury exposure will affect a persons n

14、ervous system and growth. Pregnant women are especially at risk because the fetal nervous system is very sensitive to mercury. Finally, we should get rid of mercury because there are so many good alternatives such as gold, ceramic, and resin glass. Gold, ceramic, and resin glass are not only harmles

15、s to humans and the environment, but they are also more durable than mercury. There is absolutely no good reason to continue using mercury to repair our teeth. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lect

16、ure you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and l

17、isten. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express yo

18、ur personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the c

19、ontent. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Researcher Catherine McCartney wrote in the journal Discovery tha

20、t mankinds brain has been getting smaller for 20,000 years. “In the past 20,000 years,“ said Catherine, “the male brain capacity shrunk from 1500 cubic centimeters to 1350 cubic centimeters, a reduction the size of one tennis ball; the female brain capacity reduced a similar amount.“ There are three

21、 reasons for this phenomenon. First, with the warming climate, peoples body sizes have become smaller, which has also led to a change in the size of their brains. Humans with larger bodies are better adapted to storing heat and surviving in a cold environment. On the contrary, a smaller body dissipa

22、tes heat more easily and is thus more suitable for living in a warmer environment. As the climate gradually warmed, peoples body sizes, and thus also their brains, became smaller. Second, the agricultural revolution changed the food supply. Less nutritious food led to a decrease in brain size. Altho

23、ugh the emergence of agriculture freed humans from the hard work of hunting, it also brought a decrease in vitamins and other nutrients, which are important for the human body and brain growth. Finally, a decrease in muscle mass is also responsible for the shrinking size of the brain. For 20,000 yea

24、rs, human outdoor activities have gradually decreased and food has become easier to digest. This has led to a decrease in brain size. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explai

25、ning how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 5答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 Modern agricultural practices play an important role in providing enough food for todays population, but these practices can be controversial. Some people believe

26、that modern agricultural practices are damaging our environment, while others think they are a huge blessing to society. I believe that feeding the worlds growing population is more important than protecting against environmental damage because ending modern agricultural practices will cause violenc

27、e and hurt the poor, which is a much more serious problem. First, as far as economics are concerned, investment in agriculture is more valuable than investment in the environment. In other words, both government and public at large still believe that protecting the environment represents spending mo

28、ney rather than making or saving it, that is, it represents consumption rather than investment. People cling to this view more ardently during a recession. For example, many governments attach great value to protecting the environment, but environmental concerns quickly fade in times of economic har

29、dship. The reason is that protecting the environment costs money, and investing in an industry like agriculture makes profits, which is good for economic recovery. From this view, most of us care more about our standard of living than we do about the state of the environment. Another reason that I t

30、hink we should continue using modern agricultural practices to feed the worlds growing population is that people who dont have food become violent. If we run out of food, violence is sure to increase. Countries will start wars over access to food and even more people will be hurt than by the environ

31、mental damage that has been done by modern agricultural practices. Stopping modern agricultural processes could lead to violence due to societal instability. Finally, we should not stop modern agricultural processes because this will hurt the poor. If food becomes scarcer, its prices will go up. Onl

32、y the rich will be able to afford food and the poor will starve. It is not fair to starve the poor just because we are afraid of hurting the environment. Since ending modern agricultural processes would cause violence, and unfairly hurt the poor, I do not believe that we should end modern agricultur

33、al practices. Rather, we should continue our search for environmentally friendly agricultural processes while continuing to feed the worlds population. 【试题解析】 当农业发展和环境保护发生冲突的时候，该如何选择呢 ?环境保护固然重要，但是我们可以通过其他方法，比如发展环境友好型农业来逐步改善这个问题。相反，如果我们为了保护环境而停止农业发展的话，人们就会失去保障生活的基本来源，也会因此产生更多严重的后果，比如战争、暴乱、饥荒等。因此，权衡利弊

34、我们还是应该把发展现代农业、保障人们的粮食供给放在第一位。 2 【正确答案】 There are many things to consider when thinking about university education. Different people will have different ideas on how universities should spend their money. Some people think universities should invest any extra money on raising professors salaries in

35、order to raise the level of education. Others think it is better to invest extra money on extracurricular activities. If I had the choice, I would choose to invest any extra money on extracurricular activities because these student clubs and organizations teach students teamwork, organizational skil

36、ls, and leadership skills. Extracurricular activities teach students important teamwork skills. For example, students that play intramural basketball learn how to work as part of a team. Successful basketball teams have to set up plays where all the players work together to score points. Extracurric

37、ular activities such as sports clubs teach students how to work together with other people. Not only do extracurricular activities teach students about teamwork, they also provide a way for them to develop project management skills. For example, I remember being part of a social club in college that

38、 planned a big Christmas party for 2,000 people. We had to organize ourselves to find a good location, get appropriate decorations, plan a good party, and advertise to other students. Being part of a social club was just as important as many of my courses because it taught me very important organiza

39、tional skills. In addition to teaching teamwork and organizational skills, extracurricular clubs also give students a chance to develop strong leadership skills. Extracurricular clubs usually have important leadership roles such as president and vice-president, in which students practice leadership

40、skills. Sometimes it is hard for students to develop their leadership skills in lecture halls; extracurricular clubs provide an important place for students to grow as leaders. While some people think colleges should focus only on improving classroom instruction, I believe that extracurricular activ

41、ities are every bit as important as excellent courses because they help students develop teamwork, organizational and leadership skills. 【试题解析】 首先，我们应该思考一个问题，我们为什么要上大学 ?相信很多同学会说为了将来找到一个好工作。那么光学习好就可以找到好工作吗 ?当然不是。我们还需要不断提高自己其他方面的能力，而这些能力往往是我们在课堂中很难学到的，需要通过其他途径才可以获得，比如参加不同的课外活动。所以，大学应该投入更多的资金在课外活动中。 Wr

42、iting Based on Reading and Listening 3 【听力原文】 As concerns over health increase, people have become more cautious about the use of mercury fillings to repair their teeth. Some people even suggest that we should completely stop using mercury to repair teeth. Mercury may not be the best material to rep

43、air teeth, but there is no reason to ban it. First, absorbing a little mercury into the human body, such as is the case from fillings, is not a big problem. The reason that some people have health issues after using mercury is that they are allergic to it. Only a few people have such an allergy. Sec

44、ond, there are ways to prevent mercury from flowing into the ocean and polluting the environment. There is no reason to spend more money on other materials when the problems with amalgam fillings are easily solved. Besides, most dental clinics have mercury recycling equipment to prevent environmenta

45、l contamination. Finally, mercury is irreplaceable as a filling material since its cheap, durable and effective. While dental research has led to many other materials being made available for use as dental fillings, these all have problems such as being expensive, less durable, or difficult to obtai

46、n and utilize. For these reasons, mercury is still the first choice of many dentists. 3 【正确答案】 The reading presents three reasons mercury should be banned as a substance for repairing teeth. The professor then explains why he does not think the reading provides a convincing argument for banning merc

47、ury for dental treatment. The first reason the reading says mercury should be banned in tooth fillings is that mercury can escape from the rilling during the chewing process and cause chronic poisoning. The professor does not think this is reasonable because the amount of mercury released during che

48、wing is not enough to cause major problems. He claims that only the few people who have allergies to mercury will have health problems. The readings second reason for banning mercury is the risk to the environment and to people who eat wildlife such as fish that have consumed mercury. However, the p

49、rofessor argues that there are ways to prevent the mercury used in fillings from being released into the environment. The readings final reason for banning mercury is that there are many excellent alternatives to mercury such as gold, ceramic, and resin glass. The professor rebuts this by saying that these alternatives are more expensive, not very durable, and difficult to obtain and utilize. 【试题解析】 针对水银能不能用作补牙替代品的问题，阅读文章持否定意见，并提出三点理由：首先，水银可能在咀嚼的过程中溢出，从而影响到中枢系统；其次，水银会污染水域环境等；最后，有比水银更合适的替代品。而听力则认为这三点论据都不具有说服力，水银是合适的补牙替代品。 4 【听力原文】 The first thing I want to sa