1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides ha
2、ve been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which
3、they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been
4、found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birdsand in man himself. For these chemicals are now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child.
5、All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals
6、created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their
7、 enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the ox
8、idation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Campaigning for votes in the western provin
9、ce of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give such a remarkable facelift to Mumbai, the state capital, that people “should forget talking about Shanghai.“ Now that the election results are in, and a coalition led by Singhs Congress Party has retained power in the
10、 province, the prime minister must make good his promise, which will take more than a paint job. The consulting firm McKinsey says it would cost $ 44 billion to make Mumbai a world-class city that can rank alongside Shanghai. A revival of Mumbai, the countrys trade and entertainment hub, is more tha
11、n a matter of image. Its an economic necessity. The city of 12 million fills two-fifths of the nations corporate-tax kitty, yet a third of its people live in slums. Mumbais economy has lagged the national average growth rate of about 7 percent since 1998 a level of underperformance that is impossibl
12、e to reverse without mending the citys creaky infrastructure. A choked, potholed Mumbai is symptomatic of a wider urban malaise. It isnt that a fast-growing economy like India cant find the resources to invest in its cities, where much of its economic growth is being produced. By 2025, one of (the)
13、two Indians would be living in an urban center, up from one in three now. Morgan Stanleys chief economist, Stephen Roach, recently undertook a 115-mile, or 184-kilometer, car journey from Mumbai to the industrial city of Pune on a new expressway, which he says “is a huge cut above any of the other m
14、otor routes that I had been on in India.“ Yet, by Chinese standards, the new road merits a “B minus, at best,“ he says. “If this is progress in closing Indias infrastructure gap, the problem is even worse than I had imagined.“ 3 You have a goal and that is your long-term aspiration. Perhaps its to b
15、e happy and stand in good relation to the world around you, to be rich so you dont have to worry about your standing, to conquer a particular area of knowledge or activity and earn recognition to ensure your standing, or simply to live an uncluttered, peaceful life, wherein you gain enough inner pea
16、ce and enlightenment not to even care about your standing. Your targets are projected landmarks in time with potentially measurable results, the achieving of which you expect to draw you closer to your goal mastering a specific yoga posture, for example, getting a particular job, reaching a certain
17、profitability in a business, or passing an exam. Then you have your threats. These are all factors that threaten to prevent you achieving your targets whether its the weather, other peoples agendas, ill-health or other possibly unforeseen contingencies. Finally, you have your remedies, the measures
18、you take to counter or prevent the threats. These comprise both the requisite mundane countermeasures to keep your temporal plates spinning externally and, more crucially, internal adjustments to your own state of mind and energetic flow, to enable you to attain the inner balance and clarity necessa
19、ry to realign your vision with your goal, when the threats, potential or actual, have temporarily obfuscated that vision. No matter how apparently complex the mundane details in need of attention, the internal readjustment process remains consistently simple. For a few moments in the midst of activi
20、ty, stop whatever youre doing, mentally relax your muscles and sinews, lengthen your spine, broaden your shoulders and pelvis, desist from holding your breath, soften your chest and breathe freely, allowing your belly to expand with the inhalation and contract with the exhalation. Let all thoughts a
21、bout your situation and condition drift and be momentarily empty of self. Draw your. point of gazing out at the world back from your eyeballs into the center of your brain, between and behind your eyes, equidistant between your ears. Envisage your goal clearly and tell yourself, “I can do this!“ and
22、 you will. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 自 20世纪 90年代以来,中国政府积极探索借鉴国际反贫困经验,不断扩大与国际组织在扶贫领域的合作,并有了明显进展。 在扶贫领域,世界银行与中国的合作最早,投入规模最大。世界银行与中国目前已经开展的西南、秦巴、西部三期扶贫贷款项目,援助总规模达 6.1亿美元,覆盖九个省区; 91个贫困县、 800多万贫困人口。其中中国西南世界银行贷款项目于1995年 7月开始在云南、贵州、广西三省 (区 )最贫困的 35个国家级贫困县实施。项目总投资 42.3亿元,其中利用世行贷款 2.475亿
23、美元,国内相应的配套资金为21.8亿元。项目建设主要包括大农业、基础设施建设、第二、三产业开发、劳务输出、教育卫生和贫困监测等方面。项目建成后将使项目区 350万贫困人口稳定解决温饱问题。这一项目是中国第一个跨省区、跨行业、综合性的扶贫开发项目,也是迄今为止利用外资规模最大的扶贫项目。目前项目进展顺利,并已进入收尾阶段。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 今年三月,中国杂技芭蕾舞天鹅湖开始了为期一年的国际巡演。自 1877年芭蕾舞剧天鹅湖在莫斯科首演以来,世界各国的芭蕾舞剧团无数次地出演了各种版本的天鹅湖。此次,中国艺术家用杂技语汇对这一
24、经典芭蕾进行了一次大胆诠释。 尽管中国杂技已有 2700年的悠久历史,但因其品位不高,观众有限,发展缓慢,杂技市场也逐渐缩小。直至上个世纪 80年代,杂技的综合艺术效应才开始得到注重。为了使杂技成为真正的艺术,使之走进世界艺术的主流,广州军区战士杂技团,经过 三年努力,将芭蕾舞剧天鹅湖改编成杂技天鹅湖。 这出天鹅湖保持了芭蕾舞的典雅性,实现了高难技巧、新颖形式和剧情的统一。杂技艺术中的魔术手段也在剧中 “适得其所 ”。在成功地让中国版的 “天鹅 ”飞向世界的同时,它将为振兴杂技,这个一度衰退的艺术形式,带来希望。 6 中国政府对新闻的态度是管理,而不是控制。中国政府要求媒体不要做违反宪法的事情
25、。如,新闻不能进行以推翻中国政权为目的的煽动活动。不能渲染暴力和色情,因为这种报道不符合中国人民的根本利益和中国的文化传统。 中国政府鼓励媒 体对公务员的行为进行监督和批评。媒体对政府的政策可以评论,也可以进行学术讨论。如媒体可以揭露违法官员的罪行,可以揭发地方政府不执行环保政策等等。 西方媒体对 “中国新闻不自由 ”的攻击实质上是针对中国的政治制度的。但中国的现行制度是中国人民自己做出的选择。像中国这样一个文化悠久的国家的人民是不会接受一个 “独裁 ”政府的。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 10答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1
26、【正确答案】 现在人类的每一个成 员,从妊娠之初到寿终正寝,都在被迫接触危险的化学制品,在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20年的时间里,杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用,结果弄得到处都是。各大水系大都含有这种杀虫剂,就连看不见的在地下流动的暗流里也能找到。这些化学制品可能是 10多年前施用的,但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物,并停留在其体内,使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。已经发现这种化学制品存在于偏僻山间、湖泊里的鱼身上,存在于松土的蚯 蚓身上,存在于鸟蛋里地 甚至存在于人身上。因为现
27、在绝大多数人,不论年龄,体内都存有这种化学制品。母亲的乳汁里也有,未出世的婴儿的组织里可能 也有。 这些情况之所以产生,是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展,这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。在研制用于化学战的制剂的过程中,发现实验室里产生的某些化学品具有杀虫的作用。这也不是偶然发现的:为研制杀人制剂而进行的化学实验中曾广泛地使用昆虫。 结果是各种合成杀虫剂似乎层出不穷。 新的合成杀虫剂的特 殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。它们的能量很大,不但能释放毒性,还能进入肌体内最重要的过程,并使之发生有害的,而且往往是致命的变化。就这样,我们将会看到,它们
28、能破坏酶,而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害;它们能阻碍氧化作用,而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉;它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用;它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化,最终导致癌变。 【试题解析】 1 For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. 现在人类的每一个成员,从妊娠之初到寿终正寝,都在被迫接触危险的化学制
29、品,在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。 分析 用词选词采分点。 subjectto 指 “使 遭受到 ” 。 conception指 “概念,观念;妊娠 ”。介词短语 from the moment of conception until death放在句子的开头最先翻译,即,“从妊娠之初到寿终正寝 ”。 2 In the less than two decades of their use. the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate wo
30、rld that they occur virtually everywhere. 在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20年的时间里,杀虫剂在生物界和非生 物界广泛使用,结果弄得到处都是。 分析 用词选词采分点。 在翻译 their use时要把 synthetic pesticides补充进去,以使意思更易理解,译成“使用合成杀虫剂 ”。 synthetic指 “合成的 ”。 3 Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. 这些化学制品可能是 1
31、0多年前施用的,但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。 分析 用词选词采分点。 定语从句的翻译。 residue指 “残余,剩余物 ”。 linger指 “徘徊,逗留 ”,但根据其后面所跟的 “土壤 ”,该词应引申翻译为 “残存,存留 ”。 4 They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossi
32、ble to locate subjects free from such contamination. 这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物,并停留在其体内,使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。 分析 用词选词采分点。 lodge指 “容纳,寄存,沉积 ”,此处应选择 “沉淀,沉积 ”的含义。 universally是“非常普遍地 ”的意思。 free from such contamination 指 “免 于污染,没有受过污染的 ”。 5 All this has come about because of the sudden rise a
33、nd prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. 这些情况之所以产生,是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展,这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。 分析 理解 结构采分点。 用断句法翻译这个简单句。 All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry翻译为 “这些情况之所以产生
34、,是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展 ”。后面的短语部分 for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties增加主语 an industry翻译成另一句话,即, “这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品 ”。 come about意为 “发生,产生,发生转向 ”。 prodigious指 “庞大的,异常的 ”。 prodigious growth指 “大量发展 ”,引申为 “迅速发展 ”。 Property在通常我们常见的含义中有“财产,所有物 ”等。在这里应该选用其另外一
35、个含义 “性能,功能 ”。 6 This industry is a child of the Second World War. 这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。 分析 用词选词采分点。 短语 child of sth./sb.指 “某人或某物的孩子 ”。这里主语是事件,那么应该是说这一结果是某一事件的产物,即 “这一工业是二战的产物 ”。 7 What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency.新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句
36、为一个主语从句。 what sets the new synthetic insecticides apart 是本句的主语。相当于 the thing which sets the new synthetic insecticides apart ; set sth./sb. apart指 “使分离,使分开,留出时间,金钱 ”等。这里表示 “区分 ”,应指新的杀虫剂和旧的杀虫剂,即,新杀虫剂所具备的不同以往产品的特点。 8 Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the
37、 body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs,and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. 就这样,我们将会看到,它们 能破坏酶,而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害;它们能阻碍氧化作用,而氧化作用是肌体获得能
38、量的源泉;它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用;它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化,最终导致癌变。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句主要结构是: they destroy; they preventand they block; they may initiate后面分别跟了定语从句。翻译的时候可以用断句法翻译,从句部分翻译成具有解释功能的同位语。从句 whose function is to protect the body from harm译成 “酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害 ”。 from which the body receives its energy译成“氧化作用是肌体获得能量
39、的源泉 ”。 that leads to malignancy译成 “最终导致癌变 ”。 malignant指 “恶意的,有伤害的;恶性的,致死的 (疾病等 )”,因此这里可以将其引申为 “导致癌变 ”。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 印度总理曼莫汉 ?辛格本月在西部省份马哈拉施特拉邦争取选票,曾宣称保证使首府孟买的面貌大为改观,到那时人们就 “用不着老念叨上海了 ”。 既然选举结果已经揭晓,辛格的国民大会党领导的联合政权在这一省份继续执政,总理就必须兑现其诺言,不过这可不是一件粉刷一下就能了结的事。 据麦肯锡咨询公司称
40、,需要耗费 440亿美元方能使孟买成为一个世界级城市,以与上海相媲美。 孟买是印度的贸易枢纽和娱乐中心。孟买的振兴不只是一个形象问题,为了发展经济,必须使孟买复兴。 孟买有人口 1200万,为国家提供五分之二的公司 税收,却有三分之一的人生活在贫民窟里。 自 1998年以来,孟买的经济一直低于全国平均百分之七的增长率。如果不改善陈旧的基础设施,孟买就无法扭转这种落后的状态。 孟买空气污浊,道路坑洼不平,这些表面现象隐藏着一个更大的城市问题。不是说像印度这样经济迅速增长的国家没有钱在城市里投资,它的经济增长在很大程度上就是在城市里实现的。 到 2025年,每两个印度人中就有一人生活在城市里,而不
41、像现在这样每三人才有一人生活在城市里了。 摩根斯坦利公司的首席经济学家斯蒂芬 ?罗奇最近驱车 115英里 (合 184公里 ),沿一条新建的高速公路从孟买到达工业城市浦那。他说,这条公路 “比我在印度走过的任何一条高速公路都好得多。 ” 然而,按中国的标准,这条新建的公路,据他说 “最多只能打个 B。 ”他还说:“如果说这也算印度在缩小基础设施的差距方面取得的进步,那么问题比我原先想像的还要严重了。 ” 【试题解析】 1 Campaigning for votes in the western province of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister
42、 Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give such a remarkable facelift to Mumbai, the state capital, that people “should forget talking about Shanghai.“ 印度总理曼莫汉 ?辛格本月在西部省份马哈拉施特拉邦争取选票,曾宣称保证使首府孟买的面貌大为改观,到那时人们就 “用不着老念叨上海了 ”。 分析 理解结构采分点。 that引导目的状语从句,所以翻译成 “因此 ”。 2 Now that the election results are in, and a
43、 coalition led by Singhs Congress Party has retained power in the province, the prime minister must make good his promise, which will take more than a paint job. 既然选举结果已经揭晓,辛格的国民欠会党领导的联合政权在这一省份继续执政,总理就必须兑现其诺言,不过这可不是一 件粉刷一下就能了结的事。 分析 理解表达采分点。 the election results are in中的 in指 “当选,执政 ”,但根据下文提到的 retain
44、ed power(执政 ), in就不宜再译成 “执政 ”了,把 the election results are in译成 “选举结果已经揭晓 ”更好。 make good指 “成功,实现,补偿 ”。在本句中的意思是 “实现,履行 ”。 a paint job中的 paint在这里指 “粉刷,绘画 ”。前文提到了总理要履行他竞选时的承诺,因此这里的 paint job(描绘工作或粉饰工作 )就有了隐含意义,即只是冠冕堂皇的话,而不用实际去履行。因此, more than a paint job应翻译为“不仅仅是一件随口说说就算了的事情 ”或 “这可不是一件粉刷一下就能了结的事 ”。 3 Th
45、e consulting firm McKinsey says it would cost $44 billion to make Mumbai a world- class city that can rank alongside Shanghai. 据麦肯锡咨询公司称,需要耗费440亿 美元方能使孟买成为一个世界级城市,以与上海相媲美。 分析 选词用词采分点。 rank,在这里要选择其 “排列,归类于,列为 ”这层含义。 alongside在这里是介词, “与 并肩;在 旁边 ”的意思。 rank alongside Shanghai指 “与上海并肩,与上海处于同一水平 ”,即 “能够与上
46、海相媲美 ”。 4 The city of 12 million fills two-fifths of the nations corporate-tax kitty, yet a third of its people live in slums孟买有人口 1200万,为国家提供五分之二的公司税收,却有三分之一的人生活在贫民窟里。 分析 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 本句是一个简单句,但可以翻译成两个小分句。句子的主语单独翻译成一个小分句。 city做主语,译成 “孟买 ”,增加动词 “有 ”,即孟买有人口 1200万。 fills two-fifths of the nations
47、corporate-tax kitty译成同 “有 ”并列的动宾结构,即 “为国家提供五分之二的公司税收 ”, yet后面的部分单独翻译。本句中的短语 fill the kitty中的 kitty是指 “凑集的金钱 物品;共同的资金 (尤指小额集存的储蓄 )”。 5 Mumbais economy has lagged the national average growth rate of about 7 percent since 1998 a level of underperformance that is impossible to reverse without mending th
48、e citys creaky infrastructure. 自 1998年以来,孟买的经济一直低于全国平均百分之七的增长率。如果不改善陈旧的基础设施,孟买就无法扭转这种落后的状态。 分析 结构理解采分点及选词用词采分点。 本句可以翻译成两个句子。从句 that is impossible to reverse without mending the citys creaky infrastructure中的由 without引导的介词短语译成条件句 “如果不改善陈旧的基础设施 ”。 mend指 “修补,改善 ”。 infrastructure指 “基础结构 ”。creaky infrastr
49、ucture在这里应指那些不合时宜的、陈旧的基础设施。 6 A choked, potholed Mumbai is symptomatic of a wider urban malaise. 孟买空气污浊,道路坑洼不平,这些表面现象隐藏着一个更大的城市问题。 分析 理解表达采分点及基本素质采分点。 choke指 “窒息,哽住,阻塞 ”,因为文章在讲孟买的环境,加之, choke现象除跟疾病有关就是与空气有关了,所以,应该译成 “空 气污浊 ”。 potholed指 “到处是坑的,崎岖不平的 ”。 symptomatic指 “作为症状的,征兆的 ”; malaise指 “不适;隐忧 ”。 7 By 2025, one of the two Indians would be living in an urban center, up from one in three now. 到 2025年,每两个印度人中就有一人生活在城市里,而不像现在这样 每三人才有一人生活在城市里了。 分析 理解结构采分点。 o
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