[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷102及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 102及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 His trick convinced none but the most _. （ A） credulous （ B） plausible （ C） trustworthy （ D） feasible 2 Many people proposed that a national committee be formed to discuss _ to existing mass transit systems. （ A） substitutes （ B） measures （ C） duplica

2、tes （ D） alternatives 3 He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief- _, he is the greatest devil I ever know. （ A） as a consequence （ B） as a rule （ C） as a matter of fact （ D） as a matter of routine 4 Since she was alone, she opened the door _, leaving the chain lock fastened. （ A） warily （ B） consciously （

3、 C） audaciously （ D） recklessly 5 In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly _ as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself. （ A） crucial （ B） central （ C） casual （ D） causal 6 I dont understand why people _ such a beautiful garden with cans and

4、bottles. （ A） located （ B） provided （ C） protected （ D） littered 7 Ive never _ the theory that people are more important than animals. （ A） subscribed to （ B） hung on （ C） engaged in （ D） indulged in 8 City officials are considering building a path to give the public _ to the site. （ A） recreation （

5、 B） excess （ C） excursion （ D） access 9 President Bushs visit was planned to _ 30th anniversary of President Nixons visit to China. （ A） depend on （ B） adhere to （ C） coincide with （ D） cling to 10 The people for the experiment were chosen completely _. （ A） at length （ B） in essence （ C） at random

6、（ D） in bulk 11 The Olympic Games were watched by _ billions of people around the world. （ A） virtually （ B） literally （ C） deliberately （ D） appropriately 12 You were _ by your absence yesterday. （ A） merciful （ B） conscientious （ C） conspicuous （ D） impartial 13 They are both very determined peopl

7、e, so theres rather _ by personalities. （ A） debate （ B） disagreement （ C） contest （ D） clash 14 A physical examination is a _ to joining the army. （ A） parliamentary （ B） preliminary （ C） elementary （ D） complementary 15 What is the _ of going by boat when the plane costs no more and is quicker? （

8、A） impression （ B） meaning （ C） comprehension （ D） sense 16 The reporter managed to get an _ interview with the Prime Minister. （ A） extinct （ B） excluding （ C） excessive （ D） exclusive 17 The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most _ achievement of the 20th, century. （ A） obscure （ B） notable （ C） ac

9、ute （ D） objective 18 Our interests seem to _ at this point. （ A） constrain （ B） condense （ C） conduct （ D） converge 19 Two trucks were reported to have _ head-on yesterday. （ A） bumped （ B） crashed （ C） collided （ D） struck 20 There was nothing we could do _ wait. （ A） or rather （ B） but rather （ C

10、） rather than （ D） other than 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain

11、 that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the road

12、s. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes

13、 the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds

14、 and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are

15、 allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to red

16、uce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of the thi

17、ngs that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are, allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put throug

18、h strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much, stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down sa

19、fety specification for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all,

20、the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars. 21 The main idea of this passage is _. （ A） traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists （ B） thousands of people the world over are killed each year （ C） the laws of some countries about driving are too lax （ D） only stricter traffic laws can p

21、revent accidents 22 What does the author think of society toward motorists? （ A） Society criticizes the motorists severely. （ B） Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. （ C） Society overlooks their rude driving. （ D） Victims of accidents are nothing. 23 Why does the author say “his car bec

22、omes the extension of his personality“? （ A） Driving can show his real self. （ B） Driving can show the other part of his personality. （ C） Driving can bring out his character. （ D） His car embodies his temper. 24 Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents? （ A） build

23、 more highways （ B） stricter driving tests （ C） test drivers every three years （ D） raise age limit and lay down safety specifications 25 The attitude of the author is _. （ A） ironical （ B） critical （ C） appealing （ D） militant 25 Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the

24、 Earths atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the heat-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in g

25、lobal temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the Earths surface. The level of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Ea

26、rths incoming energy is short wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can

27、result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430 . If the CO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls

28、. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3 . If, be

29、cause of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activities, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2. Even

30、tually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in

31、the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increases and decreases of a set magnitude. Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1 . But a supposed global te

32、mperature rise of 1 may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example, the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experienci

33、ng an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations. 26 Which of the following questions does the passage supply information for answering? （ A） Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so i

34、naccurate? （ B） What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long wavelength radiation? （ C） How might our understanding of the greenhouse effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased? （ D） What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the a

35、mount of CO2 in the atmosphere? 27 The author is primarily concentrated on _. （ A） explaining the effects that the burning of fossil fuels might have on climate （ B） illustrating the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiation （ C） discussing effects that changes in the CO2 level in the atmosphere might

36、 have on climate （ D） challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO2 on climate 28 The passage suggests that a large decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in _. （ A） at least a slight decrease in global temperatures （ B） at most a slight increase in short wave

37、length radiation reaching the Earth （ C） a slight long-term increase in global temperatures （ D） a slight short-term increase in global temperatures 29 The author refers to the Venus primarily in order to _. （ A） show the inherent weakness of the greenhouse effect theory （ B） show that the greenhous

38、e effect works on other planets but not on the Earth （ C） show the extent to which Earths atmosphere differs from that of the Venus （ D） support the argument that the CO2 level in the atmosphere has a significant effect on climate 30 The passage suggests that if there were a slight global warming at

39、 the present time, it would be _. （ A） easy to measure the exact increase in temperature because of the abundance of temperature recording stations throughout the world （ B） difficult to prove that the warming was caused by the burning of fossil fuels （ C） easy to demonstrate the effects of the warm

40、ing on the water vapor in the atmosphere （ D） difficult to measure the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere because of local variations in amount 30 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its stru

41、cture and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that exc

42、ite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the productio

43、n of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or-independently of any course-simply to provide a better understanding

44、of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation

45、 of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific

46、community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally

47、male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the po

48、licy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally. We have also tried to make the book ent

49、ertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 31 According to the passage, “scientific subculture“ means _. （ A） cultural groups that are formed by scientists （ B） people whose knowledge of science is very limited