[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷120及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 120及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The day was crisp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and _ the landscape. （ A） hid （ B） blurred （ C） relieved （ D） belittled 2 _this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enrol for the course. （ A） As of （ B） As for （ C） As to （ D） A

2、s on 3 Those who let uncertainty _ rarely achieve much. （ A） turn them down （ B） send them down （ C） weigh them down （ D） huddle down 4 The speaker went on and on, _ to his listeners obvious boredom. （ A） obligated （ B） obsessive （ C） obvious （ D） oblivious 5 Such _ as self-respect and industriousne

3、ss merit the full backing of an employer. （ A） advantages （ B） traits （ C） interests （ D） shortcomings 6 The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry. （ A） scope （ B） magnitude （ C） dimension （ D） volume 7 An intelligent TV

4、 viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _ argumentation in commercials. （ A） imperative （ B） fallacious （ C） persuasive （ D） fabulous 8 _ flees if one is constantly subjected to demeaning orders. （ A） Prime （ B） Harassment （ C） Conceit （ D） Pride 9 _popularity of subject matter and frequency

5、of use, the books on the two middle shelves will be the most helpful to you. （ A） As of （ B） As regards （ C） As from （ D） As against 10 I was _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring. （ A） immured （ B） immersed （ C） busy （ D） infatuated 11 Serial murderers rarely deviate from a cer

6、tain type of prey. （ A） attacker （ B） nourishment （ C） victim （ D） enemy 12 The new guppies I bought have just a tinge of yellow. （ A） dot （ B） mark （ C） touch （ D） tingle 13 He covered the fish lavishly with sauce. （ A） sparingly （ B） completely （ C） generously （ D） simply 14 Machiavelli cautions t

7、he prince not to relinquish power under passing duress. （ A） gain （ B） hold （ C） control （ D） abandon 15 The play was hilarious! （ A） a merry one （ B） a prudish one （ C） sedate （ D） prodigious 16 The Salk polio vaccine provides immunity from that disease. （ A） security （ B） publicity （ C） liability

8、（ D） help 17 The Smithsonian houses a miscellaneous collection of aircraft, artifacts, butterflies, stones both precious and common, and so on. （ A） a heterogenous （ B） an overwhelming （ C） a unified （ D） a vast 18 The jungles of the sub-Sahara, afflicted with tse-tse and mosquitos, is an unhealthy

9、area. （ A） requiring inoculation against （ B） heated by （ C） flooded by （ D） plagued by 19 He is constantly late, and ill-prepared when he does finally arrive. He is jeopardizing his future. （ A） developing （ B） endangering （ C） assuring （ D） destroying 20 Chaos theory stresses the magnitude of the

10、results produced by so small an event as the fluttering of a butterflys wings. （ A） size （ B） volume （ C） result （ D） fame 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and

11、 plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. The to

12、ol is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light from the sun itself down to a humble match

13、burning will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. E

14、xperiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam

15、right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合 ), no unwanted damage a true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. The rap

16、id development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to li

17、ght on the diseases which can be treated medically. 21 Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were _. （ A） fashionable （ B） extraordinary （ C） special （ D） basic 22 After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that _. （ A） medical help became available for

18、 industrial workers. （ B） the study of art went through a complete revolution. （ C） more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments. （ D） mans whole approach to surgery changed completely 23 The laser beam is so strong because _. （ A） it is composed of a concentrated beam of light （ B） its h

19、eat is increased by the heat of the sun （ C） it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting （ D） it sends out heat in many different directions 24 Surgeons can now carry out operations which _. （ A） can be performed successfully only on the human eye （ B） result in long periods of recovery time fo

20、r patients （ C） are made much more complicated by using the laser beam （ D） result in very little damage to the patients themselves 25 The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that _. （ A） in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer （ B） surgery is likely to improve considerably

21、（ C） we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from （ D） we are now able to treat most forms of cancer 25 In 1885 Owen Wister (1850 1938) recorded that “it wont be a century before the West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own“ and he wanted “to be the hand

22、that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues and the vices of this extraordinary phase of American social progress.“ He never became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is sti

23、ll the most popular “Western“ novel ever published and the master design for the fiction of the Wild West. The Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as “horse opera“, whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and short stories, in movies and televisi

24、on serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy is the hero and gentleman, one of those “good men in the humbler walks of life“, who sees through shams, defends justice and a ladys honor, shoots it out with the villain and conquers evil. Because of The Virginian, Wister created a character who is the or

25、iginal type for the Western folk hero. He represents the embodiment of certain American ideals-a man who is equal to all occasions, who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is “a broad-guage fellow living among narrow-guage folk“. But the literary device and cowboy code which W

26、ister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman prohibited The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of ach

27、ieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic, the cowboy story. 26 Owen Wister believed _. （ A） the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phase （ B） the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male. （ C） the West would be always isolated from the rest of

28、 the country by its moral code. （ D） none of these. 27 The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolstoi implies that _. （ A） The Virginian is as great a novel as War and Peace （ B） Wister underestimated himself as an author （ C） Wister wanted to be a writer of light novels （ D） as Tolstoi had la

29、id bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so Wister would do for the society of the American West. 28 Stylistically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it _. （ A） was written according to a pre-established formula. （ B） established the formula known as “horse opera“. （ C） followed the

30、literary conventions of the day. （ D） abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones. 29 The popularity which was accorded The Virginian indicates that Wister _. （ A） realized his stated ambition （ B） gave us an authentic account of the western experience （ C） became the American Tolstoi （

31、D） had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American aspirations 30 The author of the article believes that _. （ A） The Virginian did not deserve the success it won （ B） Wister made a definite contribution to American literature （ C） Wister was a hack （ D） cowboy stories should be cons

32、idered serious fiction 30 Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught unawares as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope and leave them buried under tons of crisp

33、 white snow. There are lots of theories about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less cheerful. The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material: For several days before the incident I had skied locally. Early win

34、ter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a hard base-the skiing that dreams are made of And sometimes nightmares. Snow fall

35、s in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards. Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in r

36、ather higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperatures sends a thin stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply slides off the mountain. Such slides are not unexpected. Local

37、 citizens know the slopes which tend to avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and above all, skiers are warn

38、ed not to ski in danger areas. In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skiers ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap

39、. 31 Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with death because _. （ A） they fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can be （ B） they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runs （ C） they are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happen （ D） they ski great distances dow

40、n the mountainsides 32 According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg area of Austria before the accident happened were _. （ A） perfect for the inexperienced skier （ B） unsafe because the new snow was covered with ice （ C） typical of conditions resulting in avalanches （ D） suitable only

41、for skiing locally 33 It would appear from the text that avalanches are brought about because _. （ A） a particular section of snow is not thick enough （ B） there is a slight fall in the temperature （ C） heavy snowfalls turn into rain （ D） the ice between different sections of snow melts 34 In areas

42、where avalanches are known to happen _. （ A） local residents stay indoors when the weather is bad （ B） measures are taken to prevent serious avalanches （ C） small avalanches can easily be prevented （ D） skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position 35 Although accidents do happen,

43、skiers will be reasonably safe if _. （ A） they stay on the officially approved slopes （ B） they ski only for pleasure （ C） they ski only at resorts （ D） they choose less crowded ski slopes 35 The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors,

44、the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities. Broadly speaking,

45、 the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners she often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking busine

46、ssmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An Englishman, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway carriage shake hands with all the passengers.“ Needle

47、ss to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately suspect. In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc, often accompanied by appropriate g

48、estures. The Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his feelings far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. Whereas a more emotional man

49、 might describe her as “an excellent jewel“, “extremely beautiful“, “precious“, the Englishman will flatly state “Urn, shes all right“. An Englishman who has seen a highly successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “Its not bad, you know,“ or on seeing very unusual scenery he might convey his pleasure by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.“ The overseas visitor must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of intere