[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷121及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 121及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective _. （ A） motivation （ B） point of view （ C） characterization （ D） background 2 The appeal to the senses known as _ is especially

2、common in poetry. （ A） imaginative （ B） imaginable （ C） ingenious （ D） imagery 3 If youve got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and _ with him. （ A） tell it （ B） have it out （ C） say it （ D） have it known 4 There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colours and styl

3、es in mens clothing, but none of them _. （ A） has caught on （ B） has caught him out （ C） has caught up （ D） take roots 5 The retired engineer plunked down 50000 in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife a purchase _ with money made in the stock market the week before. （ A） paid off （

4、 B） paid through （ C） paid out （ D） paid for 6 He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly _. （ A） lack it （ B） absent （ C） in need of it （ D） wanting 7 Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against envi

5、ronmental degradation _ themselves now on the verge of losing the war. （ A） only found （ B） finding only （ C） only to find （ D） have only found 8 The once separate issue of environment and development are now _ linked. （ A） intangible （ B） indispensable （ C） inextricably （ D） incredibly 9 The need t

6、o see that justice is done _ every decision made in the courts. （ A） implants into （ B） imposes on （ C） impinges upon （ D） imprecates upon 10 Two thirds of the US basketball players are black, and the number would be greater _ the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of ba

7、lance. （ A） was it not because of （ B） had it not been for （ C） were it not for （ D） would it not have been for 11 No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world. （ A） it is （ B） there is （ C） as is （ D） that is 12 If there is the need to compete in a cr

8、owd, to battle _ the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected. （ A） on （ B） for （ C） against （ D） with 13 Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, _ occupations for which technical training is necessary. （ A） so too there are （ B） so also there are （ C）

9、 so there are too （ D） so too are there 14 It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for _ drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests. （ A） specific （ B） generic （ C） intricate （ D） acrid 15 The very biggest and most murderous wars

10、during the industrial age were intra-industrial- wars that Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain _ against one another. （ A） pitted （ B） drove （ C） kept （ D） embarked 16 The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest _ without the overarching pub

11、lic world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association. （ A） is not possible （ B） would not be possible （ C） will not be possible （ D） cannot be possible 17 From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of polit

12、ics _ in turn evolved the politics of our modern world. （ A） of which （ B） from which （ C） on which （ D） by which 18 The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man _ Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century. （ A） was （ B） was called （

13、C） calling （ D） being 19 Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future. （ A） on themselves （ B） on not making a fault （ C） to a fault （ D） to remain ahead 20 Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make

14、 remedial instruction a commodity as _ and accessible as frozen yogurt. （ A） ubiquitous （ B） rational （ C） necessary. （ D） credible 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must

15、 feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that w

16、hat a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. Th

17、e antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not. Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job

18、 which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, fo

19、r example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently.

20、 He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more

21、 hours he is free to play, the better. 21 The best title for the passage could be _. （ A） Work, Labor and Play （ B） Ways Leading to Happiness （ C） The Most Desirable Job in the World （ D） The Necessity of Leisure 22 If a person wishes to be happy, _. （ A） he must have something to do （ B） he must re

22、alize the essential difference between work and labor （ C） he must feel free first of all （ D） he must do something valuable to society 23 A man is a laborer if _. （ A） what he likes to do is not recognized by society. （ B） he has to make a living or supporting his family （ C） he cannot get paid for

23、 what he does （ D） he is forced to do what he doesnt enjoy 24 According to the passage, what is societys attitude toward the game we play? （ A） Society regards play as another kind of labor. （ B） Society doesnt care what we play at all. （ C） Society forbids us to play any game. （ D） Society cares fo

24、r private games very much. 25 Which of the following kinds of person is a worker? （ A） A teacher who enjoys working with students （ B） A white-collar employee who is well paid （ C） A man who doesnt mix work with play （ D） A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health 26 What does the laborer th

25、ink of leisure? （ A） He thinks he has no time for it since he has to support his family. （ B） He wishes to have as little leisure as possible. （ C） He hopes to have more leisure to play. （ D） He thinks it more important than health and family. 26 Every living thing has an inner biological clock that

26、 controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to

27、eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms. Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French a

28、stronomer, Jean-Jacques dOrtous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. T

29、hey learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments a

30、re shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New

31、York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for obs

32、erving the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same ti

33、me each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last mo

34、nth, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper. 27 The b

35、iological clock is believed to play an essential role in _. （ A） the regulation of body temperature （ B） the secretion of hormones （ C） animal reproduction （ D） many aspects of plant and animal physiology 28 In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintain

36、ed its opening-and-closing cycles _. （ A） even when it was kept in a murky place all day （ B） even if it was placed in the moonlight （ C） even when he was observing it from a dark place （ D） even during the night time 29 The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.“

37、(In Paragraph 4) probably means _. （ A） They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to a man-made clock. （ B） They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them. （ C） They can live by regulating their own circadian rhyt

38、hms. （ D） They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life. 30 In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day _. （ A） in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times （ B） so as not to be recognized by the

39、 people （ C） so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work （ D） so as to leave the peoples circadian rhythms in disorder 31 What is Mr. Weitzmans ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? （ A） He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapers （ B）

40、 People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms （ C） He wanted to find a way to treat peoples diseases （ D） He could gain some reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian 32 Miss Sobol left the laboratory _. （ A） on June 13th （ B） on June 25th （ C） at the end of Ju

41、ne （ D） on July 7th 32 There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms“. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Heres one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warmi

42、ng per decade, vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year-faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest

43、running through Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming. There are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanisms“. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and i

44、ncrease cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo“ effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature incr

45、ease. Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 15

46、0 years of cheap fossil fuels. Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quarter of the worlds population. The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level add

47、ed by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven percent of the global population, is responsible for 22 percent of global warming. 33 “Feedback mechanisms“ in paragraph 1 most probably refer to _. （ A） how plants and animals adapt to hidden factors （ B） how plants and animals interact with t

48、he changing climate （ C） how climate changes （ D） how climate zones shift 34 We can learn from the passage that _. （ A） some feedback mechanisms may stow down global warming （ B） the basic facts of global warming are unknown （ C） developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuels （ D） developed co

49、untries have decided to reduce their energy consumption 35 The word “emission“ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） admission （ B） entrance （ C） ejection （ D） agitation 36 James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by _. （ A） the cutting of many trees （ B） desirable environmental changes （ C） successful migration of species （ D） unsuccessful migration of trees 37 It