[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷126及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 126及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In various parts of the world, the devout participate enthusiastically in public procession during the major events of the liturgical year. （ A） pious （ B） serious （ C） diseased （ D） misled 2 Absent impartiality on the part of the psychotherapist, a p

2、atients conflicts may be exacerbated. （ A） indifference （ B） objectivity （ C） voiced concern （ D） engagement 3 They awoke to find toe maid had left the remnants of dinner on the table. （ A） list of items for （ B） invitations to （ C） leftovers of （ D） preparations for 4 The upshot of all this was tha

3、t travelling had become precarious. （ A） glorious （ B） fun （ C） expensive （ D） dangerous 5 Some would consider that an infringement of good manners whereas others would not. （ A） an example （ B） a violation （ C） a problem （ D） an indication 6 The majority of the observers at the conference, in contr

4、adiction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification. （ A） adjournment （ B） distribution （ C） tabling （ D） approval 7 Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin. （ A） speaking for （ B） running risks for （ C） pleading for （ D） mourning for 8

5、 I could never spend the time that he does poring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages. （ A） delicate （ B） incomprehensible （ C） meaningless （ D） complicated 9 In England, Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people. （ A） joined

6、 （ B） replaced （ C） influenced （ D） given way to 10 Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims. （ A） encouraged （ B） hindered （ C） nullified （ D） crowned 11 Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy

7、. （ A） determined （ B） argued （ C） pretended （ D） hypothesized 12 Frederica Von Stade has sung in opera houses throughout the United States and abroad. （ A） on the radio （ B） on recordings （ C） in private home （ D） in other countries 13 Braille, the universally accepted system of writing used by bli

8、nd persons, consists of sixty- three characters. （ A） catalog （ B） method （ C） committee （ D） punctuation 14 The United States Capitol building, in Washington, D. C., is set in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. （ A） secluded （ B） situated （ C） exhibited （ D） enc

9、ircled 15 One of the most damaging plant parasites is the stem eelworm. （ A） harmful （ B） elegant （ C） versatile （ D） prevalent 16 When plutonium undergoes fission, its atoms break apart, giving off a great deal of energy （ A） recoil （ B） soften （ C） fester （ D） split 17 Henry Tanner received widesp

10、read recognition for his naturalistic paintings of plantation life. （ A） profits （ B） storage （ C） attention （ D） invitations 18 Ice can be used to keep food from spoiling. （ A） rotting （ B） aging （ C） toughening （ D） evaporating 19 When he formed his own company in 1949, Minoru Yamasaki had had yea

11、rs of experience with New Yorks top architectural firms. （ A） tallest （ B） chief （ C） except （ D） like 20 Susan Clintons participation in the Progressive Movement was far-reaching, embracing such causes as labor legislation and housing reforms. （ A） timely （ B） voluntary （ C） extensive （ D） admirabl

12、e 21 Harriet Beecher Stowe, in her antislavery novel Uncle Toms Cabin, aimed to stir the consciences of her readers. （ A） heed （ B） appease （ C） confuse （ D） awaken 22 The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention. （ A） relied upon （ B） hinde

13、red （ C） linked with （ D） imitated 23 Because it is tuned a fifth lower, the viola produces a sound that is more resonant than that of the violin. （ A） more vibrant （ B） more harmonious （ C） softer （ D） sadder. 24 Ice skates manufactured entirely of iron were first sold in the 1800s. （ A） mainly （ B

14、） successfully （ C） solely （ D） routinely 25 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs. （ A） outlandish （ B） exclusive （ C） exempted （ D） remote 26 The boy was not _ to leave class without an adequate reason. （ A） emitted （ B） a

15、dmitted （ C） permitted （ D） remitted 27 His plan was _ by the committee. （ A） rejected （ B） dejected （ C） objected （ D） projected 28 The boy could not _ the temptation of the piece of chocolate and revealed the secret. （ A） persist （ B） resist （ C） desist （ D） insist 29 For many years, Mark has been

16、 suffering from the _ that he is a great man. （ A） elusion （ B） illusion （ C） allusion （ D） delusion 30 The debtors did not allow them to _ payment of their debts. （ A） defer （ B） infer （ C） confer （ D） refer 31 They worked for three days in _ without feeling tried. （ A） successive （ B） succession （

17、 C） succeeding （ D） successful 32 The place _ me very much. （ A） interested （ B） disinterested （ C） uninterested （ D） interesting 33 I cant read your writing. It is _. （ A） legible （ B） illegible （ C） eligible （ D） ineligible 34 Mr Wangs behavior is_ （ A） contemptuous （ B） contemplative （ C） contemp

18、tible （ D） contemporaneous 35 The members of the dub voted to _ the meeting until after lunch. （ A） adjourn （ B） adjoin （ C） adjust （ D） adjudge 36 The meeting was _ over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city. （ A） presumed （ B） propelled （ C） presided （ D） pricked 37 He gradually _ that

19、 her parents had been right and his decision had to be modified. （ A） perceived （ B） pioneered （ C） plagued （ D） transformed 38 His strange behavior had greatly _ me and my friends as well that evening. （ A） perplexed （ B） exhausted （ C） exclaimed （ D） exceeded 39 They _ those who didnt conform to t

20、heir ideas, and made advantage of those who agreed with them. （ A） explored （ B） persecuted （ C） extended （ D） pinched 40 According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem _ all sports events. （ A） repels （ B） remarks （ C） precedes （ D） requires 二、 Reading Comprehension 4

21、0 In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to. make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a que

22、stioning of this “work ethic“, especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous. Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young f

23、ile clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job. In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another incremen

24、t, earned though not yet received, to ones daily work an acknowledgment of a mans being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people. 41 “In our society the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means _. （ A） there is a

25、shortage of daily necessities （ B） people fight each other for necessities （ C） most people feel the financial pressure （ D） everyone lives a hard life 42 The “work ethic“ referred to in the first paragraph can be interpreted as _. （ A） one works mainly to keep body and soul together （ B） one must w

26、ork not only for money, but also for delight （ C） one must understand that jobs as chores （ D） one should earn as much money a day as possible 43 Middle-management men flee city and job because _. （ A） they have lost their grace （ B） they are tired by the long days work （ C） they dont want to see th

27、e tense and pinched faces of their clerks and secretaries （ D） they are frightened by the profound grievances shown by the young people 44 The phrase “increment, earned though not received“ in the third paragraph means _ （ A） money one has earned and will be paid later （ B） money one has earned, but

28、 will not Be paid to him / her （ C） something that one earns through a job, but is not counted in terms of pay （ D） something that one earns that has nothing to do with his or her job 45 The main idea of this passage is _. （ A） in modern society people are under great work pressure （ B） nowadays peo

29、ple want to enjoy life more than do hard work （ C） work should be to people more than just a means to survive （ D） more jobs of delight should be created for people 45 Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven gui

30、lty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.“ That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against

31、society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we deman

32、d the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied hi

33、s true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he

34、 deserves. Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to

35、realize the best that is in him. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity t

36、o make his way in the society of which he is a part. 46 According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means _. （ A） a criminal must be severely punished （ B） a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has done （ C） a criminal must be given a punishmen

37、t that he deserves （ D） a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth 47 The result of deserved-punishment justice is _. （ A） the criminals winning of a true life （ B） the criminals taking death penalty for the crime committed by him （ C） the criminals denial of his true self （ D） the re

38、storation of the criminals guilty self to the self before the crime 48 In the sentence: “society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed“ the underlined part can be interpreted as: society _. （ A） was in debt to the criminal and must put him int

39、o operation as a punishment （ B） should consider punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crime （ C） owed the criminal equality and must first show it in action （ D） owed an operation of equal crime to the criminal 49 The main difference between deserved-puni

40、shment and corrective justice is _. （ A） the latter is for non-punishment equality （ B） the latter has an eye for an eye equality of punishment （ C） the latter places the criminals equal rights in life above everything else （ D） the latter focuses on both reforming the criminal and giving him new op

41、portunities in society 50 Compared with the old justice concept, modern law as shown in this passage is _. （ A） less vengeful （ B） less effective （ C） less just （ D） less reasonable 50 A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is “transg

42、enesis“, which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoes say, one that codes for resistance to a certain diseas

43、e it can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm animal. The several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash

44、, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk. The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryos strands of genes. Each cell created

45、 as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has bean modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cells nucleus

46、- Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete. 51 The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns_. （ A） embryos （ B） pigs, sheep and goats （ C） commercial science （ D） imp

47、rovement of animal strains 52 In the first sentence, “to become commercially available“ means _. （ A） this procedure is available only on the market （ B） this procedure can be used in producing better farm animals （ C） This procedure can be used to promote business （ D） People such as farmers can us

48、e this procedure in their production 53 The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are _. （ A） pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedure （ B） pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genes （ C） leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceu

49、ticals and healthier sheep （ D） leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it 54 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides. （ B） The injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryos genes. （ C） The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell. （ D） the incorporating method is