[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷175及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 175及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 When we listen to music, we are easily _ of events in the past. （ A） remembered （ B） reflected （ C） memorized （ D） reminded 2 They gave _broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage. （ A） live （ B） living （ C） lively （ D） alive 3 Travel

2、ling and meeting new people _the mind of young people. （ A） expanded （ B） enlarged （ C） broadened （ D） extended 4 If you consider this problem _others interest, you may change your view. （ A） because of （ B） with （ C） due to （ D） according to 5 After our computer network _for the third time that day

3、, we all went home. （ A） crashed （ B） collided （ C） smashed （ D） fell 6 Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally _ to find a successful way to solve the problem. （ A） broke off （ B） broke down （ C） broke out （ D） broke through 7 This little girl has a particular _ for chocolate. Whenever she sees

4、it, she will snatch a bar and enjoy it to her hearts content. （ A） liking （ B） like （ C） likable （ D） likely 8 This computer is up-to-date _ a few shortcomings here and there. （ A） except （ B） except for （ C） except that （ D） but 9 Peter will _ as managing director when Bill retires. （ A） take off （

5、 B） take over （ C） take to （ D） take up 10 One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about _. （ A） accordingly （ B） accidentally （ C） artificially （ D） additionally 11 The committee is totally opposed _any changes being made in the plans. （ A） of （ B） on （

6、C） to （ D） against 12 Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money. （ A） lest （ B） until （ C） unless （ D） provided 13 My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report. （ A） mood （ B） emotion （ C） attitude （ D） feeling 14 When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _ the exit

7、 as quickly as possible. （ A） made off （ B） made for （ C） made out （ D） made up 15 I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment. （ A） nevertheless （ B） although （ C） in case （ D） so that 16 He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way. （ A） in that

8、（ B） so long as （ C） in case （ D） as far as 17 If this kind of fish becomes_, future generations may never taste it at all. （ A） minimum （ B） short （ C） seldom （ D） scarce 18 The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one _ the other. （ A） emphasizing （ B） reinforcing （ C） multiplying （

9、 D） increasing 19 The price of beer _ from 40 cents to 4 per liter during the summer season. （ A） altered （ B） ranged （ C） separated （ D） differed 20 His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. （ A） wondered （ B） wonder （ C） to wonder （ D） wondering 二、 Cloze 20 Color is very important to most anim

10、als for it helps them to get along in the world. Color【 21】 to make an animal difficult for its enemies to【 22】 . Many animals match their【 23】 so well that as long as they do not move no one is【 24】 to see them. You probably have often “jumped“ a rabbit. If you【 25】 , you know how the rabbit sits p

11、erfectly still【 26】 you are just a few feet away. You【 27】 see the rabbit till it runs for its【 28】 matches very closely the place where it is【 29】 . Many times you may have walked past a rabbit【 30】 didnt run and you never knew it was there at all. One of the most usual color schemes that helps ani

12、mals to keep【 31】 being seen, is a dark back and light underpants. If an animal is the same color all【 32】 , there is always a dark shadow along the animals belly (腹部 ).【 33】 an enemy couldnt see the animal he could see this dark shadow. The shadow makes the animal【 34】 out to view. But if the belly

13、 is【 35】 than the rest of the animal, the shadow will not be noticed. （ A） helps （ B） contributes （ C） tries （ D） manages （ A） watch （ B） see （ C） catch （ D） kill （ A） conditions （ B） surroundings （ C） enemies （ D） bodies （ A） enable （ B） hardly （ C） likely （ D） possible （ A） do not （ B） had not （ C

14、） did （ D） have （ A） where （ B） there （ C） while （ D） until （ A） sometimes （ B） occasionally （ C） seldom （ D） often （ A） surface （ B） coat （ C） shape （ D） appearance （ A） sitting （ B） matching （ C） running （ D） jumping （ A） you （ B） that （ C） it （ D） which （ A） out of （ B） on （ C） from （ D） off （ A）

15、 alone （ B） together （ C） over （ D） right （ A） Even if （ B） Unless （ C） However （ D） As long as （ A） stand （ B） stretch （ C） push （ D） bring （ A） thinner （ B） darker （ C） bigger （ D） lighter 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when package

16、d food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“ In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and s

17、urplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preser

18、vation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good pri

19、ce. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily mai

20、ntaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it

21、yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next Winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. 36 The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ ( Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that _. （ A） the author was well-fed

22、 and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties （ B） the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties （ C） there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s. （ D） the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s 37 Why does the author say that nothing was wasted b

23、efore the invention of fridges? （ A） People would not buy more food than was necessary. （ B） Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. （ C） Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. （ D） People had effective ways to preserve their food. 38 Who benefited the least from fridges

24、according to the author? （ A） Inventors. （ B） Consumers. （ C） Manufacturers. （ D） Travelling salesmen. 39 Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment? （ A） Hum away continuously. （ B） Climatically almost unnecessary. （ C） Artificiall

25、y-cooled space. （ D） With mild temperatures. 40 What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? （ A） Neutral. （ B） Critical. （ C） Objective. （ D） Compromising. 40 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to

26、discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with humanlike ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and

27、 if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件 ) or by altering the architecture but that too will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon (硅 ) will arise first to rival and then exceed their hu

28、man ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intellige

29、nce of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by

30、a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 41 In what way can we make a machine intelligent? （ A） By making it work in such en

31、vironments as deserts, oceans or space. （ B） By working hard for 10 or 20 years. （ C） By either properly programming it or changing its structure. （ D） By reproducing it. 42 What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability? （ A） He believes they will be useful to human beings. （ B）

32、He believes that they will Control us in the future. （ C） He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us. （ D） He doesnt consider the construction of such machines possible. 43 The word “carbon“ (Line 4, Para. 2) stands for “_ “. （ A） intelligent robots （ B） a chemical element （ C） an organi

33、c substance （ D） human beings 44 A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _. （ A） its intelligence and cost are beyond question （ B） it is able to bear the rough environment （ C） it is made as complex as the human brain （ D） its architecture is different from that of the present ones 45 It c

34、an be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction （ B） with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability （ C） once

35、 we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence （ D） robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space 45 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report； The damage and death toll could have been m

36、uch worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the ci

37、tys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards

38、are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people

39、tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living

40、 organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damag

41、ed during earthquakes. 46 One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _. （ A） new computers had been installed in the buildings （ B） it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways （ C） large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone

42、for a holiday （ D） improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 47 The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _. （ A） counterbalance an earthquakes action on the building （ B） predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy （ C） help strengthen the foun

43、dation of the building （ D） measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations 48 The smart buildings discussed in the passage _. （ A） would cause serious financial problems （ B） would be worthwhile though costly （ C） would increase the complexity of architectural design （ D） can reduce the ground vibr

44、ations caused by earthquakes 49 It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _. （ A） the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction （ B） the development of flexible building materials （ C） the reduction of the

45、impact of ground vibrations （ D） early forecasts of earthquakes 50 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _. （ A） compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U. S. （ B） encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers （ C） outline the history of t

46、he development of quake-resistant building materials （ D） report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings 50 Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away- stra

47、ight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀

48、虫剂 ) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest (害虫 ) problems. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infr

49、ared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the ren