[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷236及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 236及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In most countries, the metric system has been_for all measurement. （ A） admitted （ B） adapted （ C） applied （ D） adopted 2 The two pharmaceutical companies collaborated in developing new drugs to _the pain of patients in the terminal stages of cancer.

2、（ A） alleviate （ B） confront （ C） insulate （ D） terminate 3 The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial- wars that Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain _ against one another. （ A） pitted （ B） drove （ C） kept （ D） embarked 4 Fewer and fewer of toda

3、ys workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, _the same company. （ A） all else （ B） much worse （ C） less likely （ D） let alone 5 She got very angry and _ her clothes about in the room. （ A） flung （ B） flew （ C） clamped （ D） clashed 6 The conversation was so interesting that we we

4、re _ of the lateness of the hour. （ A） generous （ B） credulous （ C） gorgeous （ D） oblivious 7 Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8. （ A） optimistic （ B） optional （ C） optimal （ D） oppressed 8 The young man who saw the car _ into the river telephone

5、d the police. （ A） plunged （ B） plunge （ C） was plunging （ D） to plunge 9 He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations. （ A） rational （ B） obscure （ C） worldly （ D） eminent 10 In ancient times, some catastrophic extinction of species occurred _, but such c

6、atastrophes were comparatively rare. （ A） sequentially （ B） repeatedly （ C） naturally （ D） intentionally 11 (Few) schools (take advantages of) the vast classroom (of) the outdoors to teach the things that really (matter). （ A） Few （ B） take advantages of （ C） of （ D） matter 12 The impact of Thoreau

7、s On the Duty of Civil Disobedience might not have been so far reaching _ for Elizabeth Peabody, who dared to publish the controversial essay. （ A） it not being （ B） if it has not been （ C） if it were not （ D） had it not been 13 Is there no _to what you propose? （ A） relationship （ B） relevance （ C）

8、 alternative （ D） alternation 14 It can be inferred that the author of the passage expects that the experience of the student mentioned as having studied Wife in the Right would have one of the following effects. That is _. （ A） It would lead the student to disregard information found in the Bibliot

9、heca Britannica. （ B） It would teach the student to question the accuracy of certain kinds of information sources when studying neglected authors. （ C） It would teach the student to avoid the use of reference sources in studying neglected authors. （ D） It would enhance the students appreciation of t

10、he works of authors not included in the canon. 15 Which of the following best states the “particular pedagogical purpose“ mentioned in paragraph 3? （ A） To minimize the trivial aspects of the traditional scholarly methods course. （ B） To provide students with information about Griffiths work. （ C） T

11、o encourage scholarly rigor in students own research. （ D） To reestablish Griffiths reputation as an author. 16 The patient is not in good condition, so do not _ your visit. （ A） lengthen （ B） delay （ C） extend （ D） prolong 17 I had to stand in a _ for hours to get tickets for the film. （ A） queue （

12、 B） file （ C） tail （ D） process 18 Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. （ A） recognized （ B） proved （ C） got rid of （ D） multiplied 19 Id just do as soon as you _ the research yourself. （ A） do （ B）

13、will do （ C） would do （ D） did 20 In the north of the country, the sun always shines _ the vast prairie land in summer. （ A） brightly on （ B） bright on （ C） bright in （ D） brightly in 21 The chances of finding him were so _ that they gave up the search. （ A） remote （ B） abnormal （ C） negative （ D） i

14、nvisible 22 According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically _ to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy. （ A） practical （ B） flexible （ C） feasible （ D） beneficial 23 Mario was awarded the medal for displaying professional _ of the highest order in the rescu

15、e attempts two weeks ago. （ A） solution （ B） supervision （ C） intelligence （ D） competence 24 Initially his book did not receive much attention, but two weeks after the critic s review appeared in the newspapers, it climbed to the best sellers list. （ A） At first （ B） First of all （ C） At first sigh

16、t （ D） From the first 25 All that day nay father was in _ as he had lost his wallet. （ A） great anxiety （ B） ambition （ C） ill humour （ D） hospitality 26 Scientists wilt have to _ new methods of increasing the worlds food supply in order to feed more hungry people. （ A） catch up with （ B） come up wi

17、th （ C） keep up with （ D） put up with 27 Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to_with an assignment. （ A） interrupt （ B） bother （ C） interfere （ D） intervene 28 He has never worried about his properties because h

18、e has_them against disasters and theft. （ A） assured （ B） ensured （ C） insured （ D） secure 29 “They said what we always knew.“ Said an administration source, _ （ A） he asked not to be named （ B） who asked not to be named （ C） who asked not be named （ D） who asked not named 30 The government will pro

19、secute those individuals who unlawfully possess_material. （ A） classified （ B） bizarre （ C） personal （ D） legitimate 二、 Cloze 30 Energy use and air pollution have been synonymous in China for decades, especially in urban areas.【 66】 Fifteen or 20 years ago in Chinas northern cities, such as Shenyang

20、, air pollution was characterized by decreased visibility caused by high levels of particulates and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Although conditions have improved in modern cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, China still has three of the ten most polluted cities in the world and hundreds of cities that a

21、re not in compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. 【 67】 More than 120 cities have populations of more than one million, and by the end of the twenty-first century, 10 to 20 cities will have populations of more than 10 million. Rapid urbanization will challenge gov

22、ernments at all levels, not only to provide basic services to growing urban populations, but also to modernize, to continue to develop economically, and to address environmental concerns, particularly air pollution, that result from rapid economic growth. Chinese planners now recognize that the choi

23、ce of energy supply affects not only public health, but also land use, the environment, infrastructure, services, and economic growth.【 68】 Because China has an overabundance of coal and a scarcity of oil and gas, planners must continually balance the public good (i. e. , public health and quality o

24、f life) against the easy availability of polluting coal and the high cost of importing oil and natural gas. Fundamentally, the Chinese policy community must address ambient air quality concerns by integrating energy supply and use for all economic sectors-industrial, power generation, residential, c

25、ommercial, and transportation. 【 69】 The national averages for emissions of SO2 and particulate matter (PM) have decreased, mostly as a result of stepped up enforcement of existing standards by national, provincial, and municipal governments. However, because of the increase in vehicle pollution and

26、 the continued prevalence of fine-particle pollution, the government passed a second amendment in 2000 to the 1987 Law of Air Pollution Prevention and Control.【 70】 When the new law is fully implemented over the next decade, it will greatly strengthen environmental laws and standards. A. Thus, a sec

27、ure, flexible, and varied energy-supply policy is critical to continued growth. B. The new legislation, which went into effect September 1, 2001, calls for the regulation of transportation, as well as residential and commercial energy use. C. In rural areas, air pollution is also common because a si

28、gnificant amount of industry that is highly dependent on coal is located in the countryside. D. China is undergoing urbanization and industrial development on an unprecedented scale. E. This may be because vehicles in Beijing tend to be new and have fairly efficient combustion systems. F. A good dea

29、l of progress has been made in China since the mid-1990s. 35 For years, youth sports pushers tried to get us hooked: organized sports, they said, offered a natural high and would build character in our children.【 71】 But there are high-functioning cokeheads, too. Like every American, I have close fr

30、iends whose families struggle with a youth sports addiction. So lets talk about the dark side of the youth sports epidemic. First off, when theyre spending every spare second at soccer practice, children lose that crucial downtime they need for exercising their imaginations, as well as their limbs.

31、And Dr. Lenny Wiersma, co-director of tile Center for the Advancement of Responsible Youth Sport, warns that when kids miss out on “the old sandbox and informal games,“ they also lose opportunities to develop peer interactions that are “organized and regulated by themselves.“ 【 72】 The Michigan stud

32、y cited above also found a sixfold increase in the time children spent on “passive, spectator leisure,“ as more and more kids found themselves dragged off to watch their siblings sports events. Organized youth sports also cut into relaxed family time.【 73】 Thats not to speak of all the exhausted par

33、ents who put their own interests-and relationships-on hold for a decade, devoting every free minute to hauling their kids from game to game. Of course, organized sports isnt the only culprit.【 74】 The pressure can leave even high-achieving kids exhausted, demoralized and at risk of “self-destructive

34、 behaviors,“ Harvards admissions office warns. Harvard now urges that applicants “take some sort of timeout before burnout becomes the hallmark of their generation.“ Parents: Just say no. Rip up that T-ball signup sheet; throw out the expensive soccer cleats. If you want an activity that develops ch

35、aracter and physical skills, encourage the kids to help build houses with Habitat for Humanity. But the rest of the time, let them do what generations of American children did before them: climb trees, build backyard forts, play hopscotch and endless games of tag.【 75】 A. Some children possess genui

36、ne athletic talent, and in the youth sports programs they really stands out and become more confident. B. Its time to give childhood back to our children. C. Like secondhand smoke, a childs involvement in youth sports can have detrimental side effects on others. D. And its true that organized youth

37、sports work out fine for some families. E. Its just one reflection of the middle-class American insistence on over-scheduling our children, rushing them between soccer practices, piano lessons, French lessons and SAT prep classes. F. The same study found that families today spend a third less time e

38、ating dinners together, and 28% less time taking family vacations. 40 Old people are always saying that the young people are not【 61】 they were. The same comment is【 62】 from generation to generation and it is always【 63】 . It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. The

39、y have a lot more money to spend and enjoy【 64】 freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【 65】 on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are【 66】more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is【 67】 from the one that preceded it. Today the d

40、ifference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple【 68】 that they have been【 69】 a bit longer. They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the【 70】 are doing. They are questioning the 【 71】 of their ei

41、ders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to 【 72】 that the older generation has created the best of all possible words. What they reject more than 【 73】 is conformity. Office, hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldnt people work best if they were given compl

42、ete freedom and 【 74】 ? And what 【 75】 the clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should 【 76】 drab grey suits? If we turn our 【 77】 to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation

43、so often used 【 78】 to solve their problems? Why are they are so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more 【 79】 possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Havent the old lost 【 80】 with all that is important in

44、 life? 60 The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that 【 C1】_ thousands of years food was always eaten cold and 【 C2】 _. Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a 【 C3】 _ fire or

45、 by the melted lava from an erupting 【 C4】 _. When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However, 【 C5】 _ after this discover, cooked food must have remained a rarity 【 C6】 _ man learned how to make and light 【 C7】_. Primitive men who lived in hot regions could

46、depend on the heat of the sun 【 C8】_ their food. For example, in the desert 【 C9】 _ of the southwestern. United States, the Indians cooked their food by 【 C10】 _ it on a flat 【 C11】 _ in the hot sun. They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of com meal in this 【 C12】_. We surmise that the earliest k

47、itchen 【 C13】 _ was stick 【 C14】 _ which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was 【 C15】 _ by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat 【 C16】 _ all sides. Cooking food in water was 【 C17】 _ before man learned to make water containers t

48、hat could not be 【 C18】 _ by fire. The 【 C19】 _ cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups, and stews could be cooked. As early as 166 B. C, the Egyptians had learned to make 【 C20】 _ permanent cooking pots out of sand stone. Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans. 61

49、 【 C1】 _ （ A） in （ B） on （ C） through （ D） for 62 【 C2】 _ （ A） raw （ B） crude （ C） ready （ D） fresh 63 【 C3】 _ （ A） forest （ B） cooked （ C） man-made （ D） lighting 64 【 C4】 _ （ A） volcano （ B） cave （ C） mountain （ D） valley 65 【 C5】 _ （ A） though （ B） since （ C） soon （ D） even 66 【 C6】 _ （ A） When （ B） whi