[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷258及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 258及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In todays medical field, little agreement exists on the_for defining mental illness. （ A） legislation （ B） requirement （ C） criteria （ D） measures 2 The research team decided to use an underwater saw to cut the _ ship into sections before lifting it u

2、p. （ A） electrical （ B） electric （ C） electricity （ D） electrifying 3 Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future. （ A） on themselves （ B） on not making a fault （ C） to a fault （ D） to remain ahead 4 He_so much wor

3、k that he couldnt really do it efficiently. （ A） put on （ B） brought on （ C） took on （ D） carried on 5 The physician had to visit his patient six _ days before the patient could be considered in a fair condition. （ A） consequent （ B） consecutive （ C） consistent （ D） conservative 6 There has been an

4、increase in attendance at lectures _ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention. （ A） developed （ B） sponsored （ C） advanced （ D） promoted 7 The remnants of Roman Empire can be found in many countries in Asia,Europe,and Africa. （ A） fortresses （ B） relics （ C

5、） temples （ D） antiques 8 Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by _to sunlight or another heat source which often results in dehydration and salt depletion. （ A） a reaction to （ B） overexposure （ C） a limitation of （ D） an absence of 9 Twenty pounds _ enough for such a poor family to spend for a mo

6、nth. （ A） were （ B） being （ C） have been （ D） was 10 I don t believe such a strange story. I am certain it is a complete_. （ A） fabrication （ B） lubrication （ C） synthesis （ D） generalization 11 So _ was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached. （ A） resentful （ B） amiable （ C） suf

7、focating （ D） gloomy 12 The new policy has_a large amount of investment for industry and business in this city. （ A） acquainted （ B） adhered （ C） activated （ D） asserted 13 As a salesman, he works on a_basis, taking 10% of everything he sells. （ A） revenue （ B） commission （ C） salary （ D） pension 14

8、 From the article we eau infer that we are influenced by customs _. （ A） from the moment of our birth （ B） when we can talk （ C） when we grow up （ D） . when we go to school 15 The fact that it will never be possible to converse with someone on another planet shows that _. （ A） certain universal laws

9、 cannot be prevailed against （ B） no object can ever travel faster than light （ C） western culture has a special idea of communication （ D） radio messages do not travel fast enough 16 Since she was alone, she opened the door _, leaving the chain lock fastened. （ A） warily （ B） consciously （ C） audac

10、iously （ D） recklessly 17 Execution by lethal injection, although horrifying, is certainly more civilized than the _ penalty of death by torture or dismemberment. （ A） pervasive （ B） viler （ C） humane （ D） prolific 18 It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be

11、 _ by insects. （ A） broken in （ B） run over （ C） taken over （ D） filled in 19 The technology exists to complement and_ the human mind. （ A） amplify （ B） enrich （ C） stretch （ D） enhance 20 Since she knew nothing about a foreign language, she was _ by the menu at the restaurant and did not know how t

12、o order. （ A） bewildered （ B） shaken （ C） annoyed （ D） stunned 21 Vostok is close to the coldest spot in the world, where an _ minus 128.6F was recorded in 1983. （ A） unreliable （ B） extra （ C） incredible （ D） impossible 22 The trainees were given copies of a finished manual to see whether they coul

13、d themselves begin to _ the inflexible, though tacit, rules for composing more of such instructional materials. （ A） design （ B） revise （ C） disrupt （ D） derive 23 The _ now seems to stand as the primary barrier to a new era of strong economic growth. （ A） defect （ B） descent （ C） deficit （ D） defea

14、t 24 The buttocks are _ most other parts in the body. （ A） likely less to cause fatale damage than （ B） likely less causing fatal damage to （ C） less likely to cause fatal damage than （ D） less likely to cause fatal damage to 25 For nearly 50 years, Speck has been a _ author, writing 13 books includ

15、ing an autobiography and numerous magazine articles. （ A） prevalent （ B） precautious （ C） prospective （ D） prolific 26 Most of the 33 newly discovered planets giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets. （ A） destruction （ B） benefits （ C）

16、 chaos （ D） violence 27 In cubism, natural objects are _ analytically into geometrical shapes. （ A） broken down （ B） run down （ C） cut down （ D） torn down 28 It is often difficult to_between a mere exaggeration and a deliberate lying. （ A） disguise （ B） cultivate （ C） originate （ D） discriminate 29

17、Iceland lies far north in the Athlantic, with its northernmost tip actually _ the Arctic Circle. （ A） touched （ B） touches （ C） touching （ D） being touched 30 The organ transplant community has_humans and monkeys for ethical reasons. （ A） knocked out （ B） bailed out （ C） pointed out （ D） ruled out 二

18、、 Cloze 30 The history of African-Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated【 21】 an ongoing straggle against【 22】 and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a straggle【 23】 as an upward movement is【 24】 toward ever more justice and opportunity. Technology in and

19、 of【 25】 is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics【 26】 been the enemy of an【 27】 group of people. A certain machine is put【 28】 work in a certain way-the purpose【 29】 which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent

20、on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to【 30】 a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,【 31】 the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization【 32】 the Renaissance. Mastery of technology is second only【 33】 money as the true measure of accomplishment in this coun

21、try, and it is very likely that by【 34】 this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have【 35】 it, blacks are allowing【 36】 to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be【 37】 from the greatest cash engine

22、 of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs【 38】 ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city. And blacks must change as well. The ways that【 39】 their ances

23、tors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks【 40】 to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now. （ A） like （ B） as （ C） for （ D） with （ A） charity （ B） clarity （ C） cohesion （ D） oppression （ A） charting （ B） char

24、ts （ C） charted （ D） to chart （ A） progressing （ B） progressed （ C） clutched （ D） clutching （ A） itself （ B） themselves （ C） ourselves （ D） himself （ A） have （ B） to have （ C） has （ D） to has （ A） entirely （ B） enter （ C） entire （ D） entrance （ A） for （ B） off （ C） on （ D） at （ A） for （ B） to （ C） w

25、ith （ D） before （ A） envelop （ B） accomplish （ C） enveloping （ D） accomplishing （ A） followed （ B） follows （ C） to follow （ D） following （ A） since （ B） on （ C） in （ D） at （ A） before （ B） to （ C） with （ D） from （ A） to tolerate （ B） tolerate （ C） tolerated （ D） tolerating （ A） encountered （ B） enco

26、untering （ C） to encounter （ D） encounters （ A） them （ B） us （ C） themselves （ D） ourselves （ A） excluding （ B） included （ C） including （ D） excluded （ A） where （ B） that （ C） how （ D） what （ A） servicing （ B） encircle （ C） encircling （ D） served （ A） is （ B） were （ C） are （ D） have 50 Small busines

27、s owners must accept the burdens of entrepreneurship. Being in business for your- self requires your full attention. You seldom leave the office or shop at 5 p.m.【 31】 do you leave job problems there. They follow you home as business homework. This【 32】 ess time for your personal life. The【 33】 you

28、sought can put you on the spot. You don t report to a boss. But you do【 34】 as hard as possible to serve your customers. They are you“【 35】 “. You also have to compete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never really【 36】 . Small firms can seldom afford

29、to【 37】 enough employees so that each can specialize. You may have to prepare ads,【 38】 records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts. You must be able to “wear many hats“.【 39】 all these tasks takes up lots of time. But you cannot【 40】 long-range planning. You have to set goals and develop plans

30、 in meet them. Given too【 41】 time to management, your business will fall. The major cause of business【 42】 is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail.【 43】 half fall in the first five years. A person with limited talents may be able to hold a job in a large firm【 44】 others wi

31、ll pick up the slack. When you are in business【 45】 yourself, there is no one to “carry you“. Even if your firm【 46】 , you may still have little money to spend. You may work hard for months and not take a penny out【 47】 the salary you pay yourself. The reason is you may have to【 48】 your profits in

32、the firm for long-term growth. Or you may need to meet short-term【 49】 for cash. You may not even be able to draw a salary【 50】 the firm becomes a truly going concern. （ A） So （ B） Also （ C） Not （ D） Either （ A） maintains （ B） means （ C） leads （ D） suggests （ A） prosperity （ B） property （ C） fortune

33、 （ D） independence （ A） try （ B） act （ C） manage （ D） perform （ A） superior （ B） manager （ C） boss （ D） director （ A） lucky （ B） free （ C） relaxed （ D） happy （ A） hire （ B） rent （ C） let （ D） make （ A） set （ B） break （ C） keep （ D） establish （ A） Persisting （ B） Acquiring （ C） Regulating （ D） Perfor

34、ming （ A） deny （ B） offend （ C） refuse （ D） neglect （ A） few （ B） little （ C） bit （ D） slight （ A） failure （ B） redaction （ C） depression （ D） inefficiency （ A） Mostly （ B） Totally （ C） Nearly （ D） Partly （ A） before （ B） when （ C） because （ D） therefore （ A） by （ B） for （ C） upon （ D） from （ A） app

35、roves （ B） enlarges （ C） permits （ D） succeeds （ A） except for （ B） together with （ C） in spite of （ D） as well as （ A） reproduce （ B） resolve （ C） reserve （ D） reinvest （ A） sales （ B） businesses （ C） demands （ D） necessaries （ A） lest （ B） until （ C） if （ D） when 70 Assuming that a constant travel

36、-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions,【 21】 North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic【 22】 supplied by buses and automobiles

37、will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we【 23】 the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these【 24】 in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed rail transp

38、ort will probably continue its strongly【 25】 decline. We expect that throughout the period 1990 2050, the【 26】 North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time【 27】 to automobile travel. The very large demand【 28】 air travel (or high-speed rail travel) that will be mani

39、fest in 2050【 29】 to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel【 30】 in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist【 31】 the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decad

40、es.【 32】 important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and【 33】 low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.【 34】 of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the【 35】 . （ A） frankly （ B） exceptionall

41、y （ C） unfortunately （ D） notably （ A） volume （ B） body （ C） measure （ D） funds （ A） admire （ B） assure （ C） assert （ D） anticipate （ A） outcomes （ B） trends （ C） declines （ D） impacts （ A） inherent （ B） evident （ C） large-scale （ D） hidden （ A） general （ B） common （ C） local （ D） average （ A） profi

42、t （ B） cost （ C） budget （ D） facility （ A） in （ B） of （ C） at （ D） for （ A） works out （ B） leaves out （ C） runs out （ D） puts out （ A） time （ B） desire （ C） agency （ D） means （ A） to （ B） as （ C） with （ D） over （ A） Despite the fact （ B） Whatever it is （ C） No matter how （ D） Whether or not （ A） plu

43、s （ B） including （ C） even （ D） as well as （ A） Few （ B） All （ C） None （ D） Some （ A） mountain （ B） ground （ C） sky （ D） land 86 【 C9】 （ A） Furthermore （ B） Conversely （ C） Accordingly （ D） Nevertheless 86 Unconsciously, we all carry with us 【 51】 have been called “body bubbles“. These bubbles are l

44、ike invisible walls 【 52】 define our personal space. The amount of space changes 【 53】 on the interpersonal relationship. For example, we are usually more comfortable standing closer to family members than to 【 54】 . Personality 【 55】 determines the size of this space. Introverts often prefer to int

45、eract with others at a greater distance than 【 56】 . Cultural styles are important too. A Japanese 【 57】 and employee usually stand farther apart while talking than their American counterparts. Latin Americans and Arabs tend to 【 58】 closer together than Americana when talking. For Americans, 【 59】

46、in social conversation is about an arms length to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be associated 【 60】 greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying “Excuse me,“ or “Pardon me“ for the slightest accidental touching of another person reveals an American attit

47、ude about personal space. Thus when a persons “space“ is intruded 【 61】 by someone, he or 【 62】 . may feel 【 63】 and react defensively. In cultures 【 64】 close physical contact is acceptable and desirable, Americans may be perceived 【 65】 cold and distant. Culture does not always 【 66】 the messages

48、that our body movements 【 67】 Contexts, personalities, and relationships also influence them. Therefore, no two people in any one society have the same nonverbal behavior. However, like verbal language, 【 68】 communication cannot be completely separated 【 69】 culture. 【 70】 we emphasize differences

49、or similarities, the “silent language“ is much louder than it first appears. 106 Below is a summary of some of the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box below according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in c