[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷59及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 59及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 One of the most interesting things to come out of the environmental issues meeting was the fact that we certainly do not have a _of energy sources; therefore, we must what we do have. （ A） plethora. husband （ B） microcosm. mitigate （ C） dearth. libel （

2、 D） gamut. obfuscate 2 She, on the other hand, when considering the situation, had a _of danger and uttered a severe （ A） forgery. culmination （ B） covenant.fortitude （ C） innuendo. castigation （ D） premonition. admonition 3 A (n)_attitude at a critical time such as this is not justified by the news

3、 reaching us from the war front. （ A） pessimistic. somber （ B） sanguine somber （ C） salubrious. optimistic （ D） arbitrary. gloomy 4 Even the most arbitrary and_ corporation today must be aware of the attitudes of its employees; management may at times be more or less_, but all must respect the power

4、 of an organized work force. （ A） influential. outraged （ B） prosperous. precipitous （ C） flexible. patronizing （ D） authoritarian. responsive 5 His_ should not be confused with cowardice; during the war, I saw him on several occasions risk his own life while rescuing members of his unit. （ A） notor

5、iety （ B） caution （ C） heroism （ D） indifference 6 Not content with being _himself, he openly_ the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating beverages so that all could be sober. （ A） monastic. urged （ B） ascetic. proposed （ C） abstemious. advocated （ D） sober. rejected 7 Bill s vulgar behavior affect

6、ed Jane, who is very _, and therefore, easily （ A） decorous. affronted （ B） garrulous. gratified （ C） disinterested. biased （ D） euphoric. ingratiated 8 She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _to Scotland. （ A） ticket （ B） place （ C） connection （ D） seat 9 The lost car wa

7、s found_ in the woods off the highway. （ A） vanished （ B） abandoned （ C） scattered D rejected 10 Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _know where to look. （ A） invariably （ B） virtually （ C） variously （ D） unavoidably 11 Im afraid this painting is not by Picasso. Its only a cop

8、y and so its_. （ A） priceless （ B） invaluable （ C） unworthy （ D） worthless 12 It was a long time before the cut on my hand_ completely. （ A） healed （ B） cured （ C） improved （ D） recovered 13 In a typhoon, winds_ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour. （ A） accomplish （ B） attain （ C） assume （

9、D） assemble 14 The rocks are very big with_ of colors on them. （ A） shapes （ B） rails （ C） bands （ D） marks 15 There is hardly a generalization that can be made about people s social behavior and the values informing it that cannot be_ from one or another point of view, or even _as simplistic or vap

10、id. （ A） accepted. praised （ B） intuited. exposed （ C） harangued. retracted （ D） challenged. dismissed 16 Although any destruction of vitamins caused by food irradiation could be_ the use of diet supplements, there may be no protection from carcinogens that some fear might be introduced into foods b

11、y the process. （ A） counterbalanced by （ B） attributed to （ C） inferred from （ D） augmented with 17 Though he refused any responsibility for the failure of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right to_ himself: it was his_ that had caused the debacle. （ A） blame. skill （ B） congratulate. modesty （ C）

12、 berate. largesse （ D） absolve. acrimony 18 The prevailing union of passionate interest in detailed facts with equal devotion to abstract _is a hallmark of our present society; in the past this union appeared, at best, _and as if by chance. （ A） data. extensively （ B） philosophy. cyclically （ C） gen

13、eralization. sporadically （ D） evaluation. opportunely 19 A century ago the physician s word was_ to doubt it was considered almost sacrilegious. （ A） inevitable （ B） intractable （ C） incontrovertible （ D） objective 20 So much of modem fiction in the United States is autobiographical, and so much of

14、 the autobiography fictionalized, that the_ sometimes seem largely （ A） authors. ignored （ B） needs. unrecognized （ C） genres. interchangeable （ D） intentions. misunderstood 21 Robins words were not without emotion: they retained their level tone only by a careful _imminent extremes. （ A） equipoise

15、between （ B） embrace of （ C） balance between （ D） equivalence to 22 While many Russian composers of tile nineteenth century contributed to an emerging national style, other composers did not _idiomatic Russian musical elements,_ instead the traditional musical vocabulary of Western European Romantic

16、ism. （ A） utilize. rejecting （ B） incorporate. preferring （ C） exclude. avoiding （ D） repudiate. expanding 23 Because the painter Albert Pinkham Ryder was obsessed with his _perfection, he was rarely _a painting, creating endless variations of a scene on one canvas, one on top of another. （ A） quest

17、 for. satisfied with （ B） insistence on. displeased with （ C） contempt for. disconcerted by （ D） alienation from. immersed in 24 Objectively set standards can serve as a _for physicians, providing them _unjustified malpractice claims. （ A） trial.evidence of （ B） model. experience with （ C） criterion

18、. reasons for （ D） safeguard. protection from 25 In spite of _reviews in the press, tile production of her play was almost certain oblivion by enthusiastic audiences whose acumen was greater than that of the critics. （ A） lukewarm. condemned to （ B） scathing. exposed to （ C） lackluster. rescued from

19、 （ D） sensitive. reduced to 26 The passions of love and pride are often found in the same individual, but having little in common, they mutually_, not to say destroy, each other. （ A） reinforce （ B） annihilate （ C） enhance （ D） weaken 27 The necessity of establishing discrete categories for observat

20、ions frequently leads to attempts to make absolute _ when there are in reality only （ A） analyses. hypotheses （ B） correlations. digressions （ C） distinctions. gradations （ D） complications. ambiguities 28 A unique clay disk found at the Minoan site of Phaistos is often _as the earliest example of p

21、rinting by scholars who have defended its claim to this status despite equivalent claims put forward for other printing artifacts. （ A） questioned （ B） overlooked （ C） adduced （ D） conceded 29 Punishment for violating moral rules is much more common than reward for following them; thus, _the rules g

22、oes almost _in society. （ A） association with. undefended （ B） adherence to. unnoticed （ C） affiliation of. uncorrected （ D） opposition to. unchecked 30 Compassion is a great respecter of justice: we pity those who suffer_. （ A） shamelessly （ B） unwittingly （ C） vicariously （ D） undeservedly 二、 Read

23、ing Comprehension 30 Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that when released from a presynaptic serotonin-secreting neuron causes the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic, or target,

24、 neuron. There are two major reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a molecular structure similar to that of serotonin. In addition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry following administration of hallucinogens invariably reported ch

25、anges in serotonin levels. Early investigators correctly reasoned that the structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might imply that LSD s effects arc brought about by an action on the neurotransmission of serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, the level of technical expertise in the field of

26、 brain research was such that this hypothesis had to be tested or, peripheral tissue ( tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of scientists reported than LSD powerfully blockaded serotonin s action, their conclusions were quickly challenged, however. We now know that the action of a drug at

27、 one site in the body does not necessarily correspond to the drug s action at another site, especially when one site is in the brain and the other is not. By the 1960 s technical advances permitted the direct testing of the hypothesis that LSD and related hallucinogens act by directly suppressing th

28、e activity of serotonin secreting neurons themselvesthe so called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned that if the hallucinogenic drags act by suppressing the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons, then drugs administered after these neurons had been destroyed should have no effect on beha

29、vior, because the system would already be maximally suppressed. Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucinogens on behavior. Thus hallucinogenic drugs apparently do not act directly on serotonin-secreting neurons. However, these and other avail

30、able data do support an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis). The fact that LSD elicits “serotonin syndrome“, that is, causes the same kinds of behaviors as does the administration of serotonin in

31、animals whose brains are depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through the release of stores of serotonin. The enhanced effect of LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be due to a proliferation of serotonin receptor sites on sero

32、tonin target neurons. This phenomenon often follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites appears to be a compensatory response to decreased input. Significantly, this hypothesis is supported by number of different laboratories 31 According to

33、 the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin? （ A） The suppression of the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons by the administration of hallucinogens. （ B） The observed similarities in the chemical stru

34、ctures of serotonin and hallucinogens. （ C） The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain. （ D） Serotonin-induced changes in the effects of hallucinogens on behavior. 32 It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because_

35、 . （ A） a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggested （ B） no research was reported that supported the hypothesis （ C） research results provided evidence to counter the hypothesis （ D） the hypothesis was supported only by studies of animals and not by studies of human beings 33 Which of the fol

36、lowing best expresses the main idea of ale passage? （ A） Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the brain ant on behavior. （ B） Researchers have spent an inadequate amount of time developing theories concerning the way in

37、which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur. （ C） Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the serotonin receptor sites located on target neurons in the brain. （ D） Researchers have recently made valuable discoveries concerning the effects of

38、depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain. 34 The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions? （ A） How can researchers control the effects that LSD has on behavior? （ B） How are animals reactions to LSD different from those human bei

39、ngs? （ C） What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior? （ D） What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately the effects of LSD on behavior? 34 When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated.

40、By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line, shape, and so forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, altho

41、ugh I am, in fact, rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment. Yet I be

42、lieve that we are in real danger of losing contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art histo

43、rians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting i

44、s taught in school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheet magic to the fourteenth-century painter Giotto. Even the crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto s contemporaries gasp. Perhaps there are people who

45、conclude from this that the cereal box is superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the beginning

46、of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call “pictures.“ Even comics and advertisements rightly viewed,

47、 provide food for though. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics“ of the visual image. The way the language of art refers to the visible world is

48、both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely unknown except to artist who use it as we use all languagewithout needing to know its grammar and semantics. 35 The author of the passage explicitly disagrees with which of the following statements? （ A） In modem society even nonartists can

49、master techniques that great artists of the fourteenth century did not employ. （ B） The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing to do with art. （ C） In modem society the victory of representational skills has created a problem for art critics. （ D） The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs a great de