[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷75及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语模拟试卷 75及答案与解析 一、 Cloze 0 Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes magazine claims that【 31】 least fifty rock stars have【 32】 of between two million and six million dollars per year. Those who love rock music【 33】 about two billion doll

2、ars a year for records. They pay 150 million to see rock stars in【 34】 . Some observers think the customers are buying more that music. According to one【 35】 , rock music has a special【 36】because .no real training is needed to produce it. There is no gulf【 37】 the audience and the performer. Every

3、boy and girl in the audience【 38】 , “I could sing like that“.【 39】rock has become a new kind of religion, a new form of worship. Young people are【 40】 to pay to worship a rock star because it is a way of worshipping【 41】 How do the rock stars use their money? What do they do when the money starts【 4

4、2】in like water? Most of the young stars simply throw the money【 43】 . Many【 44】 stars live like Grace Slick and the Jefferson Airplane. Those performers return from a【 45】 , pay their bills, and buy new toys. Then when they need money again, they do【 46】 tour. They save no money, buy no stocks, and

5、 live from【 47】 to mouth. In the end the rock stars life is【 48】 . After two or three years riches and fame are gone. Left with his memories and his tax problems, the【 49】 ex-performer spends his remaining years trying to impress strangers. New stars have arrived to take his【 50】 （ A） of （ B） at （ C

6、） in （ D） for （ A） revenues （ B） salaries （ C） wages （ D） incomes （ A） spend （ B） cost （ C） compensate （ D） reward （ A） individual （ B） man （ C） person （ D） people （ A） principle （ B） announcement （ C） theory （ D） declaration （ A） need （ B） appeal （ C） request （ D） requirement （ A） between （ B） amon

7、g （ C） within （ D） during （ A） thought （ B） think （ C） thinks （ D） thinking （ A） For （ B） But （ C） Nevertheless （ D） So （ A） hesitant （ B） glad （ C） reluctant （ D） unwilling （ A） themselves （ B） himself （ C） herself （ D） ourselves （ A） moving （ B） entering （ C） pouring （ D） arriving （ A） off （ B） ar

8、ound （ C） down （ D） out （ A） football （ B） movie （ C） TV （ D） rock （ A） journey （ B） trip （ C） tour （ D） travel （ A） other （ B） several （ C） another （ D） few （ A） hand （ B） mouth （ C） foot （ D） arm （ A） priceless （ B） valuable （ C） invaluable （ D） unrewarding （ A） individual （ B） single （ C） lonely

9、（ D） alone （ A） post （ B） place （ C） job （ D） work 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Japanese scientists are at last actively entering the debate over the governments controversial reform plan, which targets not only ailing government organizations but also some of Japans best basic research institutes fo

10、r conversion to agency status. This status would give them independence in management but require them to have their performance evaluated by external assessment bodies. This publication has long advocated giving greater autonomy and responsibility to the institutions administered by Japans Ministry

11、 of Education and Science, including universities and the institutes for joint university use. An independent management system would allow increased flexibility in funding. Furthermore, without the restrictions imposed by the civil service law, researchers would be free to carry out entrepreneurial

12、 activities, such as setting up venture businesses and carrying out joint research with private companies. The governments reform plan moves in this direction but, as it stands, its flaws are far more obvious than its potential benefits. Opposition to reform of the universities has succeeded in dela

13、ying further changes until at least 2003, giving time for the fundamental reshaping required. Many fundamental steps need to be taken, such as implementation of a national external review system and of competent new administration, before universities will be ready for agency status. But other insti

14、tutions would face more immediate problems if the current proposals are implemented. The reform plan, which is part of the governments drive to improve the countrys administration across the board, has met strong opposition from the outset, with targeted institutes arguing against the governments cl

15、aim that the changes are necessary to run them more efficiently. Such resistance is hardly surprising given the plans rationalization targets and costcutting measures. The government has also made clear its intention to close down, merge or privatize institutes that fail to meet their performance-re

16、lated targets. But, following compromises by the government with stronger ministries over its plan to reduce the number of civil servants by 25 percent, there is disproportionate pressure on research institutes to cut their costs. As a result, the National Research Institutes for Joint University Us

17、e are at risk; they are all renowned for the quality of their basic research. More thought must be given to decisions concerning such high-quality institutes, whose activities are ill-suited to targets based on cost performance. The government should create a separate agency plan for institutes carr

18、ying out basic research, so that appropriate evaluation systems and performance-related targets can be introduced, with goals and support established over periods of 5 10 years, reflecting the longterm character of fundamental research. 21 The passage is mainly discussing the fact that_. （ A） the sc

19、ientific community needs urgently to develop stronger advocacy （ B） the requirements of basic research institutes must help the reform plan （ C） the lack of communication between the government and the researchers （ D） Japan is to create world-class “centres of excellence“ 22 In Paragraph 2, “entrep

20、reneurial“ probably refers to_. （ A） organizors （ B） managerial （ C） dealers （ D） executive 23 The authors comment may best be interpreted as_. （ A） full of mixed feelings （ B） mindful and critical （ C） informative and illustrative （ D） a little pessimistic 24 The passage probably implies that scien

21、tists have been_. （ A） slow to respond to the governments proposals （ B） overlooked for the sake of a flawed reform plan （ C） good at following the governments example （ D） indifferent to some governmental demands 25 According to the passage, the reform plan is partly flawed because_. （ A） the scien

22、tists oppose it as the plan wont give them enough independence and freedom （ B） its evaluation system will do damage to those institutes doing basic research （ C） researchers are free to carry out their entrepreneurial activities （ D） the institutes that fails to meet their performance-related stand

23、ard will be closed or merged 25 Cultural conflicts, such as those that trouble American society today, may sometimes appear to be less than serious squabbles between intellectuals who have nothing better to do. It is regrettably true, of course, that intellectuals have the tendency to think of thems

24、elves and their interests in grandiose terms; control of the English department, say, looks more important than control of the worlds energy supplies. Yet culture is not a peripheral matter; culture is the way in which a society understands itself. A society that no longer understands itself will be

25、 unable to act coherently on and problems facing it, including those that may superficially seem remote from cultural issues. Every human society must achieve a measure of consensus concerning two fundamental questions; “Who are we?“ and “How are we to live together?“ Culture embodies the consensus

26、as to how these questions are to be answered. This consensus will never be unanimous, but when it breaks-down in a massive way, the survival of the society is threatened. Both social philosophers and social scientists have long agreed that there can be no order in human affairs without such a consen

27、sus. Some analysts have argued that a modern society no longer needs this, that it can dispense with a common morality and can function on the basis of rational self-interest expressed in various contractual arrangements. Morality is then replaced by procedure. Such a society would resemble a gigant

28、ic traffic system. In modern urban traffic most people stop at red and go at green, not because they have deep moral convictions about this behavior, also not because they are afraid of the traffic police; rather, they do so because it is in their common interest. This very image suggests the weakne

29、ss of a traffic-system notion of society: The average driver will obey the traffic laws in the normality course of events; he will break them in an emergency (say, he must get to a hospital quickly). By analogy, a “normal“ society can function to some extent like a traffic system and “normal“ means

30、a state of affairs when no grave external or internal perils exist. When such perils appear, however, the contractual regulation of the many interests is not enough; some moral claim to solidarity and sacrifice will become necessary. Otherwise the contractual procedures will break down: In an emerge

31、ncy everyone drives through a red light. 26 The word “squabbles“ in Paragraph 1 probably refers to_. （ A） academic discussions on related issues （ B） debates on some big topics （ C） quarrels about a small detail （ D） personal remarks on issues concerned 27 The examples of the second paragraph may in

32、dicate that_. （ A） a society seems like a crowded traffic system （ B） there can be no order in human affairs （ C） morality must be replaced by social procedure （ D） human beings should strive for their diversity 28 By the last sentence of the passage the author means that （ A） in the society rules m

33、ust be observed anywhere （ B） the society is based on the strengths of a traffic system （ C） in any case everything arouses tow-sided comments （ D） in any case the social regulations is not substantial 29 It is inferred from the passage that （ A） an underlying theme of the society is against America

34、n morality （ B） the cultural situation in America today is determined by the past culture （ C） a counter-culture has achieved dominance in the intelligent culture （ D） the American culture is characterized by both normality and processes 30 Which of the following statement about the modern society i

35、s TRUE according to the passage? （ A） There can never be a unanimous consensus concerning the identity of individuals or groups in a modern society. （ B） A modern society is characterized by disorder, as there is no common morality and consensus. （ C） In a modern society people obey rules mostly on

36、the basis of their deep moral conviction. （ D） A modern society needs no moral solidarity when it is threatened by grave internal or external perils. 30 A number of articles have been published by psychologists in favor of their procession being permitted to prescribe psychotropic (治疗精神病的 ) medicati

37、ons. A review of studies surveying practitioners, though reveals that the majority of psychologists are opposed to the gaining of prescription privileges. Unless a major shift occurs in the attitudes of most psychologists on this issue, prescription privileges could cause divisions within the field,

38、 as well as a greater division between psychologists and other professions. There has been a growing interest in psychopharmacology (心理药物学 ) among a variety of subspecialties in psychology. Therefore, before psychologists become involved in prescribing. psychopharmacological agents, it is critical t

39、hat licensure provisions be developed. According to psychologist Tom Kubiszyn, school psychologists, because of their training and setting, may be in a unique position to expand their competencies in the areas of pediatric medication and evaluation procedures, particularly with schoolchildren diagno

40、sed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, Stephen DeMers of the University of Kentucky points out possible complications with school psychologists seeking greater involvement in psychopharmacology. School psychology programs provide much less training and experience in psychop

41、athology and therapeutic interventions than clinical psychology programs do. Within the field of psychology, there are varying degrees of credentials, making it difficult for clients to identify competent practitioners. For instance, in psychology, the public may have difficulty understanding the di

42、fference between a Psy D, a Ph D, and an Ed D. Some psychologists have a masters degree, while others have earned certificates of advancement in areas such as drug and alcohol or family therapy. Currently, psychology licensing acts allow for the credentialing of all psychologists with a doctoral deg

43、ree, regardless of whether the individual was trained as a practitioner. Perhaps the Psy D and Ph D need to betwo distinct degrees, whereby the Psy D is for practitioners and the Ph D is for researchers and academicians. The result would be different training in psychology for the two degrees. The a

44、bsence of criteria identifying the practitioner is a serious impediment for professional psychology and must be resolved before granting psychologists the right to prescribe psychotropic medication. 31 The prescription privileges of psychologists is probably NOT the cause for_. （ A） divisions within

45、 the psychological field （ B） their overwhelming oppositions to the gaining of such a right （ C） a greater division between psychologists and other professions （ D） a greater unity between psychologists and other professions 32 It is implied in the last paragraph that_. （ A） prescribing the medicati

46、on needs the identified criteria （ B） the absence of the practitioners is a serious obstacle （ C） the presence of more practitioners is a new problem （ D） identifying the practitioner is of great importance 33 The best title for this passage might be_. （ A） Diversity and Unity （ B） Diversity versus

47、Unity （ C） Psychology in Diversity （ D） Professional Diversities 34 “credentials“ in the last paragraph refers to_. （ A） professional techniques （ B） qualified certificates （ C） personal qualifications （ D） substantial formal education 35 Which of the following statement about the school psychologis

48、t is TRUE? （ A） They are not competent in their treatment of schoolchildren because they havent received proper training. （ B） They have no proper credentials to justify their work in psychopharmacology. （ C） Their involvement in psychopharmacology sometimes should be limited, as they are not as wel

49、l trained and experienced as clinical psychologists do. （ D） They should get a Psy. Degree before they are involved ii1 the psychological treatment of schoolchildren. 35 A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should swim three times in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War suggest th