[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷112及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 112及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a c

2、hild would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to surv

3、ive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If

4、 these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are

5、reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen

6、 months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What special a

7、bout mans, brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around

8、him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of

9、the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 1 The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was_. （ A） to prove that childre

10、n are born with the ability to speak （ B） to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech （ C） to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak （ D） to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language 2 The reason some childr

11、en are backward in speaking is most probably that_. （ A） they are incapable of learning language rapidly （ B） they are exposed to too much language at once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 3 What is exceptio

12、nally remarkable about a child is that_. （ A） he is born with the capacity to speak （ B） he has a brain more complex than an animals （ C） he can produce his own sentences （ D） he owes his speech ability to good nursing 4 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty o

13、f speech is inborn in man. （ B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. （ C） The childs brain is highly selective. （ D） Most children learn their language in definite stages. 5 If a child starts to speak later than others, he will_. （ A） have a high IQ （ B） be less i

14、ntelligent （ C） be insensitive to verbal signals （ D） not necessarily be backward 5 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated

15、factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations“ experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become e

16、conomic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and di

17、e without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecu

18、re in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. Fr

19、om that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along , etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates con

20、stant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise“ capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.

21、I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arran

22、gements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. 6 By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery“ the author intends to render the idea that man is_. （ A） a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligible （ B） w

23、orking in complete harmony with the rest of the society （ C） an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly （ D） a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly 7 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that_. （ A

24、） they are likely to lose their jobs （ B） they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life （ C） they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence （ D） they are deprived of their individuality and independence 8 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to

25、those_. （ A） who are at the bottom of the society （ B） who are higher up in their social status （ C） who prove better than their fellow-competitors （ D） who could keep far away from this competitive world 9 To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_. （ A） resort to the

26、production mode of our ancestors （ B） offer higher wages to the workers and employees （ C） enable man to fully develop his potentialities （ D） take the fundamental realities for granted 10 The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of_. （ A） approval （ B） dissatisfact

27、ion （ C） suspicion （ D） tolerance 10 When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it. A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the s

28、tate, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates. Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever gra

29、nted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the sh

30、elves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live

31、 patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much mo

32、dern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the ava

33、ilability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for

34、 a cart with the horse at the rear. 11 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） an approach to patents （ B） the application for patents （ C） the use of patents （ D） the access to patents 12 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? （ A） When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-pate

35、nted or extended if necessary. （ B） It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public. （ C） A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over. （ D） One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library atta

36、ched to the patent office . 13 George Valensis patent lasted until 1971 because_. （ A） nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time （ B） his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time （ C） there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes （ D） the colou

37、r TV receiver was not available until that time 14 The word “plagiarize“(Line 5 , Para.5)most probably means “_“. （ A） steal and use （ B） give reward to （ C） make public （ D） take and change 15 From the passage we learn that_. （ A） an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to c

38、ommercial practice （ B） products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago （ C） it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one （ D） patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patents 15 A recent study examined mens attitudes to women, l

39、ife goals and gender roles and the findings indicate that the popular image of men as insensitive, macho slobs has almost disappeared. The report found that modern British men have accepted the feminist revolution and have become more feminine in the process. “Men have turned into metrosexuals.“ Par

40、adoxically, the term “metrosexual“, which is now being embraced by marketers, was coined in the mid-90s to mock everything marketers stand for. Mark Simpson used the word to satirize what he saw as consumerisms toll on traditional masculinity. Men didnt go to shopping malls, buy glossy magazines or

41、load up on grooming products, Mr. Simpson argued, so consumer culture promoted the idea of a sensitive guy who went to malls, bought magazines and spent freely to improve his personal appearance. Within a few years, British advertisers and newspapers picked up the term. In 2001, Britains Channel Fou

42、r brought out a show about sensitive guys called “metrosexuality“. And in recent years the European media found a metrosexual icon in David Beckham, the English soccer star, who paints his fingernails, braids his hair and poses for gay magazines, all while maintaining a manly profile on the pitch. T

43、he challenge of the marketers is still to convince men that it is perfectly normal to groom. What separates the modern-day metrosexual is a care-free attitude toward the inevitable suspicion that a man who dresses well, has good manners, or has opinions on womens fashion is gay. Some metrosexuals ma

44、y simply be indulging in pursuits they had avoided for fear of being suspected as gay. 16 According to the text, men_. （ A） have rejected the feminist view of themselves （ B） accept the need to groom （ C） now have new attitudes of themselves and women （ D） have adopted many characteristics formerly

45、thought of as womens 17 The best definition of the term “metrosexual“ would be_. （ A） a consumer who shops for feminine products （ B） a man who grooms himself the same way as a woman （ C） a man who is halfway between a heterosexual and a homosexual （ D） a heterosexual who has feminine sensitivities

46、and habits 18 From the second paragraph we can conclude that the term “metrosexual“_. （ A） was not originally a marketing term （ B） only became popular in the mid-nineties （ C） was invented by marketers （ D） was actually meant to describe gay men 19 According to the text, the metrosexuals attitude t

47、owards fashion_. （ A） is only a way of distinguishing themselves （ B） is a consequence of a new tolerance for pursuits that were though of as gay （ C） is a carefree attitude that seems unconcerned about societys reaction （ D） is connected to hip-hop culture 20 What is the text mainly about? （ A） A n

48、ew emerging type of fashion trend. （ B） A new way of classifying the modern man. （ C） How a metrosexual differs form a heterosexual. （ D） The background and description of the “metrosexual“. 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 112答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文中第 1段最后一句话 “为了发现婴儿有听不到母语的情况下

49、会讲什么语言，他要求保育员保持沉默 ”可以得出答案。 B项正好与之一致。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第 3段第 3句话 “母亲对大脑已做好快速学习语言准备的婴儿所发出的信号不敏感 ”可以得出正确答案。由此可知 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从第 5段最后一句话 “更加令人难以置信的是婴儿的大脑能从其周围杂乱的声音中识别出语言的顺序，能够分析并按新的方法组合与重新组合语言各个组成部分 ”可以得出答案。 C项正好与之一致。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题为推论题。 B项正好与文章内容相反。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第 4段第 1句话中 “但是，也存在这样的情形，开始说话 晚的婴儿长大后却智商很高 ”可知， D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 a welloiled cog in the machinery：机器中润滑良好的齿