[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷79及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 79及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infants means of gaining both food and emotional security, conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation. If the child is breast-fed and ha

2、s supportive body contact as well as good milk intake, if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires, and if both the child and mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment, the child is more likely to thrive both physically and emotionally. On the other hand, if

3、the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him or her off from the milk supply before either the childs hunger or sucking need is satisfied, or handles the child hostilely during the feeding, or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child, the child may develop physically but

4、 will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age. If, in addition, the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance, he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life. Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial env

5、ironments. If an individuals family eats large quantities of food, then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts. If an individuals family eats mainly vegetables, then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables. If mealtime is a happy and significant event, then the person will tend to think of

6、 eating in those terms. And if a family eats quickly, without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table, then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it. This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless th

7、e individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake. Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that, for example, a Jew, whose religion forbi

8、ds the eating of pork, might have guilt feelings if he or she ate pork. An older Roman Catholic might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Friday, traditionally a fish day. 1 A well-breast-fed child_. （ A） tends to associate foods with emotions （ B） is physiologically and emotiona

9、lly satisfied （ C） cannot have physiologic and emotional problems （ D） is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the future 2 While sucking, the baby is actually_. （ A） conscious of the impact of breast-feeding （ B） interacting with his or her mother （ C） creating a nursing environment （

10、D） impossible to be abused 3 A bottle-fed child_. （ A） can be healthy physiologically, but not emotionally （ B） cannot avoid physiologic abuse throughout life （ C） is deprived of emotional needs （ D） is rid of physiological needs 4 From the list of eating habits, we learn that_. （ A） everyone follow

11、s his or her eating pattern to death （ B） ones eating pattern varies with his or her personality （ C） there is no such things as psychosocial environments （ D） everybody is born into a conditioned eating environment 5 A Jew or an older Roman Catholic_. （ A） takes a eating habit as a religious belief

12、 （ B） is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her family （ C） cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religious beliefs （ D） observes a eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environment 5 The popular idea that classical music can improve your maths is fal

13、ling from favor. New experiments have failed to support the widely publicized finding that Mozarts music promotes mathematical thinking. Researchers reported six years ago that listening to Mozart brings about short-term improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths.

14、 Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern. Some of the students then listened to a

15、Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved. Shaw found. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons. But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North Carolina learnt that other studies failed to find thi

16、s effect. He decided to repeat one of Shaws experiments to see for himself. Steele divided 125 students into three groups and tested their abilities to work out how paper would look if cut and folded. One group listened to Mozart another listened to a piece by Philip Glass and the third did not list

17、en to anything. Then the students took the test again. No group showed any statistically significant improvement in their abilities. Steele concludes that the Mozart effect doesnt exist. “Its about as unproven and as unsupported as you can get,“ he says. Shaw however defends his study. One reason he

18、 gives is that people who perform poorly in the initial test get the greatest boost from Mozart but Steele didnt separate his students into groups based on ability. “Were still at the stage where it needs to be examined,“ Shaw says. “I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more w

19、ell be able to design tests that give a robust effect. “ 6 It has been recently found out that_. （ A） Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematical thinking （ B） classical music cannot be expected to improve ones math （ C） the effects of music on health are widely recognized （ D） music

20、 favors ones mathematical thinking 7 Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicized finding, is connected? （ A） Paper cutting and spatial thinking. （ B） The nature of a task and the type of thinking. （ C） Classical music and mathematical performance. （ D） Mathematical thinking and

21、spatial-temporal reasoning. 8 In Shaws test, the students would most probably_. （ A） draw the image of the cut paper （ B） improve their mathematical thinking （ C） have the idea about classical music confirmed （ D） increase the number of neurons in their brains 9 From Steeles experiment we can say th

22、at_. （ A） his hypothesis did not get proven and supported （ B） it was much more complicated than Shaws （ C） the results were statistically significant （ D） Shaws results were not repeatable 10 Shaw is critical of_. （ A） Steeles results presented at a wrong stage （ B） Steeles wrong selection of the t

23、estees （ C） Steeles ignorance of neurobiology （ D） Steels test design 10 Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Sean would die. Seans case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just arent enough human organs to go around. Now scien

24、tists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stir

25、red up strong opposition among animal right activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal is cruel and unjust. Some scientists also fear such transplants may transmit unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars

26、spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that had lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol.

27、Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyo

28、ne who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year. 11 What is the problem the passage begins with? （ A） A high mortality rate of immune rejection. （ B） A malpractice in heart transplantation. （ C） An unusual case of organ transplant. （ D） A shortage of human organs. 12 Not only is

29、 the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage, but also it_. （ A） introduces an issue of inhumanity （ B） raises the issue of justice in medicine （ C） presents a significant threat to the human nature （ D） pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits 13 Doubtful of

30、 the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists_. （ A） are to narrow the scope of organ transplants （ B） switch to the development of artificial organs （ C） come up with alternatives to the current problem （ D） set out to purchase better ways of treating heart disease 14 It can be inferred fr

31、om the concluding paragraph of the passage that_. （ A） the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplants （ B） the present supply of human organs still has potential to be explored （ C） people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposes （ D） the gene-altering techniqu

32、e leaves much to be desired 15 The information the passage carries is_. （ A） enlightening （ B） unbelievable （ C） imaginative （ D） factual 15 Here is a great irony of 21st century global health: while many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political

33、 corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security

34、 to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental cause. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironically improved prosperity. People use e

35、xtra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behav

36、ior. Gaining weight is good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries especially the rich ones, have far more than they need another irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults of all ages, income

37、s, educational levels, and census categories are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions

38、, and campaigns directed towards children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people eat less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet, or drug industries. All flourish when people eat

39、more, and all employ armies of lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating. 16 The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to_. （ A） the cause of obesity and its counteractive measures （ B） the insufficient and superfluous consumption of food （ C） th

40、e scarce natural resource and the negligence of food security. （ D） the consumption of food and the increased risk of diet-related diseases 17 To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is_. （ A） to improve political and economic management （ B） to cope with

41、the energy imbalance issue （ C） to combat diet-related chronic diseases （ D） to increase investment in global health 18 As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to_. （ A） affluence and obesity （ B） food energy and nutritional value （ C） food business and economic prosperity （ D） dis

42、eases of civilization and pathology of inactivity 19 As a result of the third irony, people_. （ A） consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basis （ B） complain about food overproduction （ C） have to raise their food expenses （ D） are driven towards weight gain 20 Which of the following can be excluded a

43、s we can understand based on the passage? （ A） The economic dimension. （ B） The political dimension. （ C） The humane dimension. （ D） The dietary dimension. 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 79答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题意为，母乳喂养好的儿童无论是情感方面，还是生理方面都得到满足。参见第一段第三句，孩子和母亲都喜欢哺乳过程，孩子身体和情感方面更可能

44、得到茁壮成长。故选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 题意为，在吸吮时，婴儿实际上在与母亲交流。 A项意识到母乳喂养的影响； C项创造喂养环境； D项不可能被虐待。此三个选项显然都不合理。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 题意为，奶瓶喂养的孩子，生理方面可以健康发展，但情感方面就不会。参见第一段倒数第二句。如果 用奶瓶喂孩子，而不抱着她，孩子可能身体会得到发展，而情感上在很早的时候就会出现不稳定现象。故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 题意为，从列举的饮食习惯，我们知道一个人的饮食习惯会伴随其一生。

45、参见第二段第六句。这一饮食习惯一生可能都不会改变，除非意识到这一点为了改善营养摄取而改变饮食习惯。故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读 理解 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 题意为，犹太人或老的罗马天主教徒，遵循着由其社会心理环境限定的饮食模式。参见第二段第一句。本句 “饮食习惯是受家庭和社会心理环境制约的。 ”是本段主题句，犹太人和罗马天主教徒只是其中的一个例子。故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。根据命题顺序，可到第一段找答案。参见第一段第一句和第二句。古典音乐提高数学思维这一流行的说法正在失宠。新的实验不能支持这一观点。故

46、选 B。题意为最近 研究发现，古典音乐并不能如预期那样改善人们的数学思维。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。参见第一段第二句。广为流传的发现是莫扎特音乐能提高数学思维水平。故选 C。题意为，依据流行的结论古典音乐和数学思维是有联系的一对变量。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。参见第二段第一句。六年前的研究者报告说，听莫扎特的音乐会短期内提高时空思维，这也是数学中使用的思维方式。而此研究者之一就是肖。故选 B。题意为，在肖 (Shaw)的实验中，学生最有可能提高他们的数学思维。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 D

47、【试题解析】 细节题。参见第六段 Steele重复了 Shaw的实验，但是并没有得出古典音乐提高数学思维的结论，即没有得出与 Shaw相同的结论。故选 D。题意为，斯蒂尔 (Steele)的试验说明 Shaw的实验不可复制。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。肖认为那些在初测中表现不好的试验者在听了莫扎特音乐后表现获得很大提高，而斯蒂尔的研究没有将学生按照其能 力分组。故选 D。肖(Shaw)批评了斯德尔 (Steele)的实验设计。参见第七段第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。本题题意是：

48、 “本段文字是以什么问题开始的 ?”第一段中举了一个病患缺少心脏供源的例子。最后一句话说 “每天很多人死去仅仅因为没有足够的器官供应。 ”所以选 D“器官短缺 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。本题题意是： “本段文字认为，基因改变技术不仅是技术问题 ，还提出了人道 (不人道 )的问题。 ”第二段告诉我们有些科学家说，可以通过基因技术改变猪的基因使之适用于人类。第三段则告诉，我们动物权利激进分子反对这一做法，认为太残忍、对动物不公平。所以选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。本题题意是： “一些科学家因为怀疑使

49、用动物器官的必要性，想到了解决目前问题的其他办法。 ”第三段告诉我们有些科学家认为，没有必要移植动物器官，因为 75的心脏病可以避免，我们不妨把花在研发猪器官移植上的钱用在健康教育上。显然，这一点相较于 猪器官移植也是可考虑的解决办法。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。本题题意是： “从本段文字的最后一段可以推断，目前人类器官供应仍有余地去挖掘。 ”最后一段告诉我们也有人认为我们应该花钱鼓励人们捐献器官是个更好的主意。如果有足够的人受到器官捐献的教育，那么等着器官移植的人在一年之内都可从等待名单上消失。从此可以看出，器官捐献的前景很广阔。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 词汇题。本题题意是： “本段文字的信息是基于 事实的。 ”本段文字从事例出发，引用不同科学家的观点，所以说是 factual。 A发人深省的； B不可信的； C充满想象的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。本题题意是： “21世纪全