[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷80及答案与解析.doc

1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 80及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs o

2、f 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The

3、 type of alcohol didnt influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. “Its very difficult to show a cau

4、se-effect relationship,“ says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. “We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. “ Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. T

5、his could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thoug

6、ht to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. Th

7、e study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age. 1 The Japanese study was carried out on_. （ A） the development of IQ （ B） the secret of longevity （ C） the brain food in a glass （ D） the amount of healthy drinking 2 The Japanese researchers found a hi

8、gher IQ in_. （ A） female teetotalers than in male ones （ B） female drinkers than in male ones （ C） moderate drinkers （ D） teetotalers 3 When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that_. （ A） the study failed to involve such variables as income and educa

9、tion （ B） he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation （ C） there are some other contributing factors （ D） the results were just misleading 4 From Shimokatas mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence_. （ A） sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese （ B）

10、they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine （ C） they are not as effective as sake and wine （ D） sake or wine is not alone 5 Based on the study, Shimokata would say that_. （ A） intelligence improves with age （ B） IQ can be enhanced in one way or another （ C） polyphenols in alcohol may boost the

11、 brain （ D） Alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligent 5 There is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬 )the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs

12、, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study in our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. En

13、vironmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields. Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complemen

14、tary practical and aesthetic(美学的 )ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you se

15、e its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure. So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by comput

16、er sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It

17、is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed. Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists ar

18、e sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd“ or “technocrats“ , generalists are often criticized for being too “soft“ or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的 )accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for d

19、epth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵 ). 6 From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see_. （ A） the integration of theory with practice （ B） the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge （ C） the rapi

20、d division of traditional disciplines （ D） the confrontation between specialists and generalists 7 The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge_. （ A） is mainly composed of two elements （ B） presents two different points of view （ C） cannot be perceived from one perspect

21、ive （ D） is a whole made up of complementary elements 8 Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we_. （ A） can have an understanding of it （ B） will develop into an expert （ C） will perceive its entirety （ D） are interested in it 9 It

22、is commentators contention that neither specialists nor generalists_. （ A） have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculpture （ B） represent the depth and breadth of knowledge （ C） are necessarily supposed to belittle the other （ D） can be qualified as environmental scientists 10 Which of the fol

23、lowing can be the best title for the comment? （ A） Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation. （ B） Breath and Depth of Knowledge. （ C） The Ways of Doing Science. （ D） The Beauty of Science. 10 An abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks. A

24、$ 700 million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown 22 miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg, housing 2, 000 residents by 2010. The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New Y

25、ork by delivering an “authentic Chinese experience. “ “Youll be able to experience China, go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,“ says Stefan Kunigam, managing director of Bandenburg-China-Project-Management GmbH. The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China, reports Chri

26、stoph Lang of Berlins Trade and Industry promotion Office. “Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here. “ He says. “ The cultural environment is very important for them. You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown. “ Germany is home to about 72,000 Chinese migrants(2002 Federal Stat

27、istical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early 1930s in Hamburg, when most of the citys 2,000 Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis. Germans more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government, reports Deutsc

28、he Welle(DW), Germanys international broadcaster. DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfels xenophobic(恐外的 )comments about “state-subsidized Oriental mega-families“ at first went largely uncriticized. “Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,“ DW quotes Miriam Grus

29、s, a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian. “Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society. Its not a minor phenomenon. “ The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy and Tolerance program in January 2007 as part of its tolerance-building efforts. While it is not c

30、lear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown, developers hope the project will increase Germans understanding for China and Chinese culture. 11 If set up, according to the passage, the new German Chinatown will probably be_. （ A） a rival to the Chinatowns of San

31、Francisco and New York （ B） mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parks （ C） located in the north suburbs of Berlin （ D） the biggest one in Germany 12 When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown, Lang means_. （ A） the real imported goods made in China （ B） the authoritative permission for

32、the project （ C） the importance of the location for a Chinatown （ D） the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture 13 By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany, the author most probably means that_. （ A） it is too late to build a Chinatown （ B） it is their desire to save

33、a Chinatown （ C） it is important to create jobs for them （ D） it is necessary to have a Chinatown there 14 According to the passage, German anti-foreigner extremism_. （ A） can seed the new community with hatred （ B） could be an obstacle to the project （ C） will absolutely kill the plan （ D） is growi

34、ng for the scheme 15 The message from the plan is clear: _. （ A） to build a new community （ B） to fight against right-wing extremism （ C） to promote more cultural understanding （ D） to increase Chineses understanding of Germany 15 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seeme

35、d near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become

36、charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most trou

37、bled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors rec

38、kons that 13, 500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers ar

39、e becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development(

40、OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have scien

41、ce and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. 16 By saying “Newspapers like . their own doom“(Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper_. （ A） neglected th

42、e sign of crisis （ B） failed to get state subsidies （ C） were not charitable corporations （ D） were in a desperate situation 17 Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_. （ A） readers threatened to pay less （ B） newspapers wanted to reduce costs （ C） journalists reported

43、little about these areas （ D） subscribers complained about slimmer products 18 Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they_. （ A） have more sources of revenue （ B） have more balanced newsrooms （ C） are less dependent on advertising （ D） Readers ha

44、ve lost their interest in car and film reviews 19 What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business? （ A） Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. （ B） Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper. （ C） Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the

45、 newspaper business. （ D） Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews. 20 The most appropriate title for this text would be_. （ A） American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival （ B） American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind （ C） American Newspapers: A Thriving Business （ D） American Newspa

46、pers: A Hopeless Story 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 80答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推断题。参见第一段和第二段。适度饮酒者要比绝对禁酒者智商高，第二段介绍了研究的经过。本题题意为 “这项日本研究是针对健康饮酒的量展开的研究。 ”故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。参见第一段第一句。过量饮酒使感官迟钝，但是研究证明适度饮酒者要比绝对禁酒者智商高。本题题意为 “日本研究者发现适度饮酒者有较高的智商。 ”故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解

47、3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。参见第五段 “我们对收入和教育等要素进行了筛选，但是还有其他因素如生活方式和营养摄人等也会影响智商。 ”本题题意为 “Shimokata说很难证明因果关系，意思是除了适度饮酒外，还有其他一些因素影响智商。 ”故选C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推断题。第六段中讲到，喝酒可能会更多地摄入鱼和奶酪，而这两者中的脂肪酸和脂肪有助于智商的提高。本题题意为 “Shimaokata提到鱼和奶酪，我们可以推断出在提高智商方面，米酒和酒不是唯一的因素。 ”参故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节

48、题。参见第七段第一句。有利于智商提高的酒精中的化学物质是多酚。本题题意为 “根据研究， Shimokata可能认为酒精中的多酚可以提高智力。 ”故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本题题意是： “从广博教育到跨学科研究，我们可以看到人们对知识广度的热情。 ”第一段第一句话就告诉我们， “如今在国外有一种对知识广度的新的评价潮流。 ”后面接着讲大学院校的课程赞扬广泛教育的优点；科学家们也会在他们专业之外进行广泛阅读。从此我们可以推断人们对拓宽知识的热情。所以选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】

49、 细节题。此题根据题干中的关 键词 “the totality of the sculpture of knowledge”可以定位在文章第二段。本段第三句话提到：这就如同用两种不同的方法观察伟大的雕塑。这说明例证关系的 “证 ”应该在前面，即本段的第一、二句话，其大意是：体验知识的广度很刺激，但是深度探索一个物体同样刺激。这两种美妙的体验是实用和美学两种方式的互补。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。本题题意是： “根据评论所说，就因为我们太关注一个学科的细节，并不意味着我们能察 看到它的全貌。 ”参见第三段第一句话 “科学也是如此。 ”在后面的内容里作者举了化学、解析技巧以及雕塑的例子，告诉我们 we become immersed in thedetail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse (我们沉浸于某个学科的细节中，却用不同于以往的方式看到了它的美。 )说明我们对一个学科挖掘得太深，