[外语类试卷]职称英语（卫生类）A级模拟试卷35及答案与解析.doc

1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 35及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 “I am not meddling. “ Mary said mildly,“Im just curious. “ （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） sweetly 2 In 1816 it seemed inevitable that Southern states would break away from the Union.

2、（ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 3 Many of Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people. （ A） solitary （ B） gloomy （ C） feeble （ D） frugal 4 The workers finally called off the strikes. （ A） put off （ B） ended （ C） cancelled （ D） participated in 5 John has made

3、 up his mind not to go to the meeting. （ A） wanted （ B） promised （ C） decided （ D） agreed 6 I catch a cold now and then. （ A） always （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 7 He often finds fault with my work. （ A） criticizes （ B） praises （ C） evaluates （ D） talks about 8 The little girl gr

4、asped her mothers hand as she crossed the street. （ A） understood （ B） had a hold over （ C） took hold of （ D） left hold of 9 In the situation comedy, a traditional format for television shows, the same characters appear repeatedly in humorous episodes. （ A） respectively （ B） again and again （ C） sim

5、ultaneously （ D） briefly 10 The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen. （ A） preserved （ B） squeezed （ C） sorted （ D） gathered 11 Do not waste time on insignificant points. （ A） interesting （ B） dull （ C） unimportant （ D） boring 12 The company issues an annua

6、l report every March. （ A） a long （ B） a yearly （ C） a financial （ D） a product 13 As both a religion and a social force, Puritanism has made a widespread influence in the U-nited States. （ A） a far-reaching （ B） a disturbing （ C） an annoying （ D） a favorable 14 When Washington D. C. was burned in 1

7、814, Dollety Madison rescued many official papers from the White House. （ A） stole （ B） filed （ C） hid （ D） saved 15 She was one of the leading writers in her age. （ A） successful （ B） major （ C） outstanding （ D） musical 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

8、择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Flu Shots Or Not? It sounded like a good idea when New York Citys mayor, Rudollph Giuliani, advised New Yorkers recently to get a flu shot. After all, 20,000 Americans each year die of influenza. And this year in particular, the mayor suggested, getting

9、 a flu shot might be an especially good idea, since it could help doctors distinguish between flu and the deadly inhalational(吸入的 )form of anthrax(炭疽 ). How? Both anthrax and flu exhibit strikingly similar symptoms fever, chills and muscle aches in the early days of the infection. Physicians would b

10、e quick to suspect anthrax in anyone who was vaccinated(接种疫苗 )against flu and still developed fever and chills. That would give them a better chance to identify any new victims of terror while their infection was still in its earliest, most treatable stages. Or so the mayors reasoning went. Unfortun

11、ately, there are a couple of problems with his logic. For one thing, getting vaccinated against influenza doesnt guarantee you wont get sick. Although highly effective, the flu vaccine(疫苗 )protects against only the dominant types of the disease and even then does not provide 100% protection. It take

12、s a couple of weeks for your body to respond to the vaccine with a sufficient number of antibodies(抗体 ). Each year thousands of Americans who get the vaccine nevertheless still get the flu. There are also plenty of reasons you might develop fever, chills and muscle aches that have nothing to do with

13、 either anthrax or flu. Indeed, doctors estimate that more than 80% of all flulike illnesses each winter are caused by other groups of viruses. Getting vaccinated against flu cant protect you against suffering from these other illnesses. In the worst case, asking all healthy adults to get vaccinated

14、 could actually have the opposite effect to the one intended, leading to even more deaths if it means we run out of shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection. Already there have been delays in getting this years shipment of vaccine to clinics and doctors offices. Those who should be a

15、t the front of the line include folks who are 65 or older, nursing-home residents and adults and children with chronic health problems as well as anyone who cares for or lives with such people. Flu shots are also important for men and women whose immune system is weakened by HIV(艾滋病病毒 )or other cond

16、itions. The best reason to get the flu vaccine is that it protects against most flus not that youre worried about getting anthrax. While inhalational anthrax has killed only five people so far, many more could be at risk from flu-related complications. Theres no need to worsen the tragedy by making

17、this years influenza epidemic any worse. 16 Quite a few New Yorkers took their mayors recent advice and got a flu shot. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It is not easy to tell anthrax from flu in the early days of the infection. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Those who get th

18、e flu vaccine are surely protected form the disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Some other illnesses may exhibit symptoms similar to those of flu and anthrax. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Asking all healthy adults to get a flu shot may result in a shortage of the flu

19、shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People who care for those most vulnerable to the influenza infection neednt get flu shots. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 None of the five people killed by inhalational anthrax had been

20、 vaccinated against influenza. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Prolonging Human Life 1 Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.

21、 Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. 2 Pr

22、olonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of

23、 famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. 3 In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many pe

24、ople today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on soc

25、ial security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “ go on welfare“ if they have a serious illness. 4 When older people become senile

26、 or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a si

27、ck or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations , although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply “dumping

28、 grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. A The old people are heavy load for the society. B Prolonging human life may lead to population explosion. C How to prolong human life. D Dependency load caused by prolonging human life. E Incre

29、ased birthrate helps prolong human life. F How the old people are cared for when they are getting weak in contemporary society. 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A too weak and ill B hunting and gathering cultures C childhood diseases D no one at home E epidemic dise

30、ases F traditional cultures 27 Many people would have died of_if they had been born 100 years ago. 28 In_,old people who could not keep up might be abandoned to die. 29 When older people become_to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. 30 Today,with most members of a hou

31、sehold working or in school,there is_often who can care for a sick or weak person. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sunbath and Skin Cancer In the summer, millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and mo

32、st sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it, including themselves. With each hour, the suns ultraviolet radiation(紫外线 )produces irreversible(不可逆的 )damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop , the sunbather increases his risk of getti

33、ng skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun. Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can he disfiguring a

34、nd take time to treat. For that reason,sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe(敬畏 ). Sunburn,of course,is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV,however, interferes with the production of collagen fibers(胶原纤维 )in the dermis(真皮层 ), causing the skin to lo

35、se elasticity(弹性 )and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration(恶化 )of the dermis deprives the epidermis(表皮层 )of nutrition and causes it to become thin and dry. Cancer is UVs final result. Shortwave radiant energy,especially from the UV-B band,breaks the strands(股、缕 )of DNA. Enzymes(酶 )work

36、 constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV exposure,the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant(变异的 )DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense. People with fair skin and blue eyes who b

37、urn easily stand the highest risk. Special danger spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun,such as the cheeks,nose,lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precancerous(癌变前的 )lesions(伤害 )or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of deve

38、loping others. Dermatologists(皮肤科医生 )recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a. m. and 3 p. m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a good sun screen. These lotions and salves(药膏 )contain chemicals that block out the burning UVB radiation while permitting the tanning ray

39、s to reach the skin. 31 According to the passage, over-exposure to the sun may result in_. （ A） the wrinkles that cannot be seen （ B） the skin cancer （ C） all kinds of sacrifices （ D） healthful beauty 32 The underlined word “deity“ in the third paragraph refers to_. （ A） something mysterious （ B） th

40、e skin cancer （ C） the sun （ D） over-exposure to the sun 33 Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation? （ A） Sunburn. （ B） The loss of skin elasticity. （ C） Dryness of epidermis. （ D） The deterioration of dermis. 34 What may be the worst result after the repair process o

41、f the DNA finally fail? （ A） Shortwave radiant energy breaks the strands of the DNA. （ B） The mutant DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. （ C） Enzymes work to rearrange the DNA into a new order. （ D） The patient is exposed to UV from time to time. 35 The last paragraph of the passage mainly dis

42、cusses_. （ A） the treatment of the skin cancer （ B） the prevention of the skin cancer （ C） the parts of the body where cancer is most likely to develop （ D） the lotions that work best in fighting against the skin cancer 35 Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristic

43、s that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and prote

44、cting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms(生 物体 )that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fi

45、x itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals(无机物 ). It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have

46、. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is

47、near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals(哺乳动物 ), which have the ability to adjus

48、t body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. 36 Some pl

49、ants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_. （ A） help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed （ B） survive even in extremely severe conditions （ C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind （ D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms 37 In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by_. （ A） contexts （ B） surroundings （ C） ne