[外语类试卷]职称英语（卫生类）B级模拟试卷9及答案与解析.doc

1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 2 Can you follow the plot so far? （ A） change （ B） investigate （ C） write

2、 （ D） understand 3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. （ A） physical （ B） mental （ C） natural （ D） hard 4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. （ A） result （ B） judgment （ C） decision （ D） event 5 Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions. （ A） sta

3、tements （ B） beliefs （ C） suggestions （ D） claims 6 UP to now, the work has been easy. （ A） So （ B） So long （ C） So that （ D） So far 7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges. （ A） supposed （ B） excited （ C） suggested （ D） discussed 8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been em

4、ployed. （ A） Therefore （ B） Afterwards （ C） However （ D） Furthermore 9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. （ A） view （ B） sight （ C） look （ D） point 10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 11 The union representativ

5、e put across her argument very effectively. （ A） explained （ B） invented （ C） considered （ D） accepted 12 He talks tough but has a tender heart. （ A） heavy （ B） mild （ C） kind （ D） wild 13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. （ A） making （ B） taking （ C） discussing （ D） expectin

6、g 14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. （ A） waste （ B） buy （ C） use （ D） sell 15 The fuel tanks had a capacityof 140 liters. （ A） function （ B） ability （ C） power （ D） volume 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果

7、该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Nurses The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers. From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly i

8、mportant. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained, Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they of

9、ten must work at odd hours or during the night. The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的 ) nurses, practical nurses, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工 ). The general term nurse refe

10、rs to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick persons. Under the supervision (管理 ) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eig

11、ht hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换 ) their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in al

12、l nursing situations, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically iii, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. 16 The physicians in a hospital are less i

13、mportant than the nursing staff. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A nurse is not qualified if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients. （

14、 A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Nurses often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Nursing services in a hospital are generally available around the clock. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentio

15、ned 21 The nurses station is the only place where nurses in a hospital ward can be found. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共

16、 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Local Newspapers in Britain 1. Britain has a large circulation (发行量 ) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, eve

17、ry family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. 2. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is fina

18、ncially holding its own, Many local newspapers are earning good profits. 3. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district wel

19、l. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. if there is no room for it in this weeks edition, a news item can be held ever until the fallowing week. 4. The editor of a local newspaper n

20、ever forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of k

21、eeping their products in the public eye. 5. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade t

22、he council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest. 23 A Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen B Service Provided by Local Newspapers C Large Circulation of the National Newspapers D Special Features of Loca

23、l Newspapers E Power of Local Newspapers F Popularity of Local Newspapers 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 . 25 Paragraph 4 . 26 Paragraph 5 . 27 A a lot of money B local people C morning D local people E national issues F local issues 27 British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the . 28

24、Many local newspapers in Britain are making . 29 Local newspapers are well received because they carry articles that please . 30 Local newspapers rarely give opinions on . 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Population Densities The average population density (密度 )

25、 of the World is47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the rang

26、e is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 person inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arab

27、le (适合耕种的 ). High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java.Low average population densities are characteristic of most Underdeve

28、loped countries. Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land.This generally results from poor quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains, or malaria-infested (疟疾横行 ) jungles; to land uses

29、 other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living :in urban areas. Their rural population densities are

30、usually very low. Poorly developed countries of correspondingly low population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries. 31 Which of the foll

31、owing area has the highest average population density? （ A） Iceland （ B） Canada （ C） Puerto Rico. （ D） Netherlands. 32 Which of the following is not a region of developed ,industrialization mentioned in this passage? （ A） Java （ B） Belgium. （ C） Netherlands. （ D） Great Britain. 33 There are no perma

32、nent inhabitants in Antarctica because （ A） it is too hot. （ B） it is too cold （ C） there is no transportation. （ D） it has only recently been discovered 34 Low density of population is generally associated with （ A） heavy industrialization. （ B） intense agriculture. （ C） a low percentage of cultiva

33、ted land （ D） large cities. 35 Poorly developed countries of low population density may have （ A） epidemics. （ B） large rural population. （ C） low rural population. （ D） large urban population. 36 Egypt Felled by Famine Even ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the fa

34、mine that helped bring down their civilian around 2180 BC.Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blem and the same or worse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annua

35、l floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods. Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amo

36、unts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile. The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportio

37、n of sediment came from each branch of the river. Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypts Old Kingdom. The weaken

38、ed waters would have been Catastrophic for the Egyptians. “Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies“, says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York. Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Danie

39、l Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C:“ Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system because the populations have increased dramatically 36 Why does the author mention “pyramid builders“? （ A） Because t

40、hey once worked miracles. （ B） Because they were well-built. （ C） Because they were actually very weak. （ D） Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization. 37 Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt? （ A） Change of clim

41、ate. （ B） Famine. （ C） Food （ D） Population growth. 38 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile. （ B） The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile. （ C） The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile. （ D） The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branche

42、s of the River Nile. 39 According to Krom, Egypts Old Kingdom fell （ A） immediately after a period of drought. （ B） immediately after a period of flood （ C） just before a drought struck. （ D） just before a flood struck. 40 The word devastating“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by （ A） fr

43、ustrating. （ B） damaging. （ C） defeating. （ D） worrying. 41 Sunbath and Skin Cancer In the summer, millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it, including themselves. With each hour, t

44、he suns ultraviolet (紫外线的 ) radiation produces irreversible (不可逆的 ) damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000

45、 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun. Fortunately ,most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can be disfiguring and take time to treat. For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good dea

46、l of awe(敬畏 ). Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV, however, interferes with the production of collagen fibers in the dermis (真皮层 ), causing the skin to lose elasticity (弹性 ) and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration (恶化 ) of the der

47、mis deprives the epidermis (表皮层 )of nutrition and causes it to become thin and dry. Cancer is UVs final result. Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaks the strands of DNA.Enzymes (酶 ) work constantly to rearrange the (变异的 ) DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV expos

48、ure, the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense. People with fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the highest risk. Special danger spots are the parts of the body mos

49、t constantly exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, nose, lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precancerous (癌变前的 ) lesions (伤害 ) or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developing others. Dermatologists (皮肤科医生 ) recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a.m. and 3 p. m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a good sun screen. These lotions and salves contain chemicals that block out the burning UV-B radiation while permitting the