1、职称英语(理工类) ABC级综合模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题,每题 1分,共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中,请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years. ( A) dreadful ( B) bad ( C) unpleasant ( D) poor 2 I wasnt qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow. ( A) b
2、esides ( B) anyway ( C) well ( D) anymore 3 He achieved success through hard work. ( A) reached ( B) reaped ( C) attained ( D) took 4 The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes capabilities now. ( A) capacities ( B) strengths ( C) possibilities ( D) abilities 5 The army
3、 should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemys coast. ( A) together ( B) in succession ( C) in alliance ( D) in connection 6 His claims seem credible to many people. ( A) workable ( B) convincing ( C) practical ( D) reliable 7 Jack is a diligent worker. ( A) ambitious ( B) la
4、zy ( C) hardworking ( D) clever 8 Society is now much more diverse than ever before. ( A) colorful ( B) attractive ( C) flexible ( D) varied 9 Their interpretation was faulty. ( A) wrong ( B) ambiguous ( C) unclear ( D) unbelievable 10 These old buildings are gorgeous. ( A) ridiculous ( B) lovely (
5、C) magnificent ( D) peculiar 11 Contact your doctor if the cough persists. ( A) insists ( B) perseveres ( C) continues ( D) resists 12 The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition 4n the Community are increasing. ( A) fight ( B) abolish ( C) remove ( D) control 13 They scattered aft
6、er dinner. ( A) separated ( B) fled ( C) departed ( D) spread 14 From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous. ( A) position ( B) point of view ( C) knowledge ( D) opinion 15 The story was touching. ( A) inspiring ( B) boring ( C) moving ( D) frightening 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题,每题 1分,共 7分 )
7、 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择 C。 16 Engineering Ethics Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation. At Texas A “working out“ made them immune to the ravage of time. Even more puzzli
8、ng, Fixx had been complaining for months of chest pains while running-clear signs of a deadly angina, the heart muscle protecting lack of oxygen(50). He resisted, attempting to will good health. In January 1984, he had agreed to a treadmill test, but he skipped the appointment that afternoon, runnin
9、g 16 miles instead. Why had someone so committed to death ignored such obvious warnings? How had sports, exercise, and fitness become such obsessions in the U. S. ? A Twenty minutes into the run he had a massive heart attack and died on the side of road B Fixx death shocked middle-and upper-class Am
10、erica C Friends had expressed concern and urged him to get a check-up D Fixxs father had died of a heart attack at age of forty-three E At fifty-two years of age, Fixx was a millionaire F The impact of walking is reduced by at least a third compared to running 六、 完形填空 (第 51-65题,每题 1分,共 15分 ) 下面的短文有
11、15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定 1个最佳选项。 51 Captain Cook Arrow Legend It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has(51)ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook(52)died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779. “There is(53)Cook in the Au
12、stralian Museum,“ museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cooks bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its(54) “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,“ which(55)include a fe
13、ather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani opuu in 1778. Cook was one of Britains great explorers and is credited with(56)the “Great South Land,“(57)Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii. The legend of Cooks arrow began in 1824(58)Hawahan King Kame
14、hameha on his. deathbed gave the arrow m William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cooks wife, saying it was made of Cooks bone after the fatal(59)with islanders. In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued(60)it came face-to-face with science. DNA testin
15、g by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cooks bone but was more(61)made of animal bone, said Philp. However, Cooks fans(62)to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidenc
16、e not all of Cooks body was(63)at sea in 1779. “On this occasion technology has won,“ said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a(64)from Britain. “But I am(65)that one of these days .one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.“ ( A) finally ( B) fi
17、rstly ( C) lately ( D) usually ( A) whose ( B) who ( C) which ( D) what ( A) some ( B) none ( C) neither ( D) no ( A) cinema ( B) exhibition ( C) shop ( D) market ( A) must ( B) did ( C) has to ( D) does ( A) discovering ( B) visiting ( C) travelling ( D) using ( A) then ( B) now ( C) past ( D) prev
18、iously ( A) how ( B) where ( C) when ( D) that ( A) conversation ( B) fight ( C) meal ( D) dance ( A) however ( B) until ( C) after ( D) whenever ( A) helpfully ( B) usefully ( C) likely ( D) readily ( A) refuse ( B) return ( C) regain ( D) reply ( A) collected ( B) washed ( C) stored ( D) buried (
19、A) statement ( B) suggestion ( C) proposal ( D) guess ( A) safe ( B) weak ( C) sure ( D) lucky 职称英语(理工类) ABC级综合模拟试卷 10答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题,每题 1分,共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中,请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 appalling 表示条件之差使人感到吃惊。 dreadful有类似的意义。如: My financial situation is dreadful此句
20、改用 appalling也是可以的。 bad,unpleasant和 poor都可以跟 condition搭配。因此可以说: They have been riving under bad conditions for two years. They have been living under unpleasant conditions for two years. They have been living under poor conditions for two years. 注意: appalling conditions蕴涵 bad(或 unpleasant或 poor) cond
21、itions. 但反向的蕴涵是不成立的。用句通俗的话说,是 appalling conditions必定是 bad (或unpleasant或 poor) conditions,但是, bad(或 unpleasant或 poor)conditions未必都是 appalling conditions。也就是说, appalling跟 bad, unpleasant和 poor在意义上存在着明显的差别。注意:如果用 bad或 poor替换 appalling,生成的都是错误的句子。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 anyhow的一种意思是:不管其他句子所说的,本命题为真。可以看出,该词用在
22、该句中非 常合适,因为 I wasnt qualified for the job really是 “不管其他句子所说的 ”, I got it 这个命题是真的。又如: I am coming anyhow, no matter what others say. 其中的 no matter what others say是说:不管其他人怎么说。 I am coming这个命题是真的。 anyway在绝大多数情况中表达的意义跟anyhow都相同,因而二者常可替换。 anyhow有一种意思是后面所说的支持前面所说的,在这一种意思上,它等于 besides. Mother certainly won
23、t let him stay with her and anyhow he wouldnt. 此处的 anyhow可由 besides替换。但练习题中的 anyhow不是这个意思。 anyhow也可用来结束会话,这也是 well的一个功能。如: Anyhow, thanks a lot, Bye bye. 但练习题中的 anyhow不是用来结束会话的,因而不能由 well替换。 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 attain有通过努力取得了某种东西 或达到某种状态的意思。如: He attained the position of minister. They were unable to
24、attain their objectives. achieve的意思是通过努力取得或达到某种目标,意思跟 attain很接近,因而可由后者替换。 reached也有 “达到 ”的意思,但它本身并不含 “需要通过努力 ”,因而它不可替代 achieved. 下面举一个 reach用法的例子: The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible. reap是 “收获,获得 ”的意思。 The painting depicted a group of peasa
25、nts reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables. Youll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter. take也有 “获得,取得 ”的意思,但它不能跟 success搭配。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 capability:能力,力量。又如: Now we have the capability of defending our country. all thanks to our own efforts. The country has the capability to defe
26、at any aggressor. ability:能力,本领。 From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work. ability和 capability在意义上有相同的一面,因而在一定语境中可以互换。可以看出, ability和 capability在搭配上是有差别的,前者只可跟 to搭配,但后者既可跟 to又可跟 of搭配。二者的形容词分别是 able和 capable: I ought to be able to live on my salary. She was perfectly capable
27、 of taking care of herself. 注意: capable只能跟 of而不能跟 to搭配。不难看出,词的意义不决定句法结构。 strength:力量;优点。 Their military strength has gone down because their air force has proved to be an effective force. 此句中的strength可由 capacity替代而不改变句子的意义。 possibility:可能性。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 in conjunction with:与 共同 (或协力 )。 together
28、 with具有相同的意思,用 together代入后,所生成的也是 一个在语法上正确的句子。 in succession:接连发生,不跟 with,如: He had missed five dinners in succession. in alliance with:结盟。 They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party. in connection with:与 一起;与 相关。 13 men were question
29、ed in connection with the murder. 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 credible:可信的。 convincing:可信的。 That is the least convincing excuse that you could offer. convincing可替换 credible而不改变句子的意思。 workable:可行的,行得通的。 Your plan is workable. practical:实际的,现实的。 He is weak in practical matters. reliable:靠得住的。 John is a reliable
30、 man. 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 diligent:勤奋的,努力的。 hardworking:勤奋的,努力的。 Jack was hardworking and energetic. ambitious:雄心勃勃的;有野心的。 Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all, lazy:懒惰的。 I was too lazy to read music. clever:聪明的。 She is beautiful and clever. 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 diverse:多种多样的;不同的。 varied:多种多
31、样的;不同的。 It is important that your diet is varied and balanced. colorful:多色的;绚丽的。People in this small town wear colorful clothes. attractive:迷人的;吸引人的。 She is both attractive and intelligent. flexible:灵活的。 My schedule is flexible. 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 faulty:有错误的;有毛病的。 wrong:有错误的;有毛病的。Cheating is always
32、wrong. ambiguous:歧义的;模棱两可的。 This sentence is ambiguous. unclear:不清楚的。 His itinerary is still unclear. unbelievable:不可信的。 I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior. 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 gorgeous:好极了;壮丽的。 magnificent:壮丽的;宏伟的。There is a magnificent country house near the river r
33、idiculous:可笑的。 It was an absolutely ridiculous decision lovely:可爱的; 美丽的。 The girl is lovely peculiar:奇特的;奇怪的。 This house is peculiar in lots of ways这些词都可替换,所生成的句子在语法上都是正确的。相比之下, magnificent最接近gorgeous。 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 persist:坚持;持续。 continue:持续。 She continued the work day after day insist:坚持;坚持主张
34、。 My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight persevere:坚持。 Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research resist:反抗;顶住。 The nation was able to resist the invasion. insist和 persist在意义上并不完全相同。insist缺乏 “持续 ”这个义项。 persevere也缺少 “持续 ”这个义项。因此,正确
35、的选择是 continue。 “坚持 ”与 “持续 ”在意义上似乎很接近,但在语义上的差别是很明显的。 “坚持 ”至少要求有生命的东西作主语,但 “持续 ”就没有这个要求。 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 regulate:调整;控制。 control:控制。 She also had a temper,but she controlled it. fight:搏斗;战斗。 More units to fight forest fires are planned. abolish:废除。 The whole system should be abolished. remove:除去;消除
36、。 Most of her fears have been removed. 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 scatter:分散;散布;消散。 separate:分散;分离。 We didnt separate until nightfall flee:逃走;消失。 The robbers tried to flee, but they were caught. depart:离开;出发。 We are ready to depart. spread:展开;散布。The rumour quickly spread through the village. spread与 scatter
37、有相同的义项 “散布 ”。但此处只能是 “分散 ”的意思。 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 standpoint:立场;观点。 point of view:观点;看法。 The novel is shown from the girls point of view. position: 位置;立场。 The union may shift its position on the question knowledge:知识。 To my knowledge, he owns three houses, and he may own more. opinion:看法;意见。 In my op
38、inion, this book is the best book on the subject. 虽然 position也有 “立场 ”的意思,但不能说 from my position。同样地我们也不能说 from my opinion。 15 【正 确答案】 C 【试题解析】 touching:动人的;感人的。 moving:动人的;感人的。 The beggar told her such a moving story that she almost wept. inspiring:鼓舞人心的。He made an inspiring speech. boring:令人厌烦的。 Not
39、 only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed frightening:吓人的。 He gave us a frightening, but believable account of his chlidhood 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题,每题 1分,共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择 C。 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】
40、本文没有述及 engineering ethics是一门必修课,也没有提到美国所有的理工院校都开设了这门学科。 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第一段最后一句谈到,想修这门学科的学生人数在不断增加,而本题却说在不断减少,所以给出的信息是错误的。 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 the National Science Foundation(全美科学基金会 )只是为编写有关工程道德问题的教学材料提供经费,并没有亲自动手编写。因此,本题给出的信息是错误的。 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有一句相关的句子: This discipline will
41、doubtless take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics从这个句子可以看到, medical ethics, business ethics和 legal ethics都是 well- established的,其地位也已确立了。 engineering ethics这门学科的地位也将会确立下来。 mature这个词是从本句的含义中引申出来的。 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 通篇文章都没有提到教授离职的问题。 2
42、1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题给出的信息是正确的,根据是第三段的句子: Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time.in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material。 22 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题给出的信息是正确的,根据是第三段的最后一句:Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance(希望这里提供的资料会有所帮助 )。 三、 概括大
43、意与完成句子 (第 23-30题,每题 1分,共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务: (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题; (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 【正确答案】 E 【试题 解析】 本段说及 Doran考察队在南极冰块上钻洞深达 39英尺,获得微生物和水藻的样本。解冻后这些微生物和水藻又复活了。选项 E概括了本段的大意。 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本段的大意是试验冰层深处提取生命样本的技术可能有一天会用于火星生命的探索。 25 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 本段要表达的意
44、思是:冰下湖是科学家在做 other research时偶然发现的。 26 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本段说的是科学家 2004年还要对冰下湖再次进行考察。 27 【 正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 选 B的依据是第四段第二句。 little scientific value是根据科学家当时认定 Lake Vida只是 a big block of ice而推论出来的。 28 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 选 C的依据见第三段第一句。 29 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 选 E的依据见第六段第二句。 30 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第四段最后一句是选 A的依据。 四、 阅读理解
45、(第 31-45题,每题 3分,共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文 后有 5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第一段的意思是:在世界范围内,每年发生 120万起交通死亡事故,加上 5, 000万起伤残事故,因此,正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题,尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。所以, C是正确选项。 32 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第二段最后一句说,大多数汽车撞车事故是人为原因造成的,而不是机械故障的原因。所以 C是错误选项; A和 D中的 fall asleep 和 speeding 是人为原因,但只
46、是部分人为因素,不能概全。 33 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章中没有提到 windscreens(汽车挡风玻璃 ),所以 D是正确选项。其他几项均在文中提到。 34 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第六段内容,使用卫星跟踪和遥控通讯方面的革新,其目的是防盗 (A和 D)和发生事故时求援 (B)。 C的内容在文中没有被提到,所以是正确选项。 35 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章最后、段说,为机器人司机编制程序后,它们就能使交通变得通畅,也许今后某一天,大家 都拥有机器人司机,但是,这一天的到来还有待时日。 B、 C、 D的内容在文中均没有提到; A句说,要实际使用机器人司机还需
47、时日,这显然与末段最后一句表达的意思相吻合。 36 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 pick-me-up指提神饮料,也就是一种刺激物,在这篇文章里具体指咖啡。所以,答案应选 C。 37 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第二段的第三个句子谈到, “控制我们睡眠的是神经激素 ”,而这一段的最后一个句子告诉我们 “含咖啡因咖啡能使这种睡眠激素减半 ”。这正是咖啡因影响睡眠的原理。 38 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第三段涉及的是一个实验,这个实验的目的是测试含咖啡因咖啡和脱咖啡因咖啡对睡眠的影响,该段主要谈论的是这个实验的结果。 39 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第四段是第三段实验的继续,是
48、该实验的第二个阶段。研究人员通过对志愿者尿样进行化验发现,咖啡因摄入者体内的褪黑激素仅为非咖啡因摄入者的一半。褪黑激素就是睡眠激素,所以,答案应该选 D。 40 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文章的结尾谈到, “Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午饭后应该换喝脱咖啡因咖啡 ”。 另外,整个文章都在探讨咖啡因影响睡眠的机理,所以,作者大概会同意 “晚饭后不应该喝咖啡 ”的说法。选项 A是一个全称判断,这等于说 “所有喜欢喝咖啡的人都比不喝咖啡的人睡觉少 ”。这不一定,因为如果咖啡适量,喝咖啡的时间适当,咖啡不会影响睡眠。所以,作者可能不会同意这种说法。根据文章第二段第二个句子,选项 C是错的。根据文
49、章第二段的第一个句子,我们体内褪黑激素 (睡眠激素 )的浓度在我们上床时间前两个小时开始上升,而这个时候我们会开始有困意。反过来说就是,人们并非一有困意就睡觉。所以,选项 D不是答案。 41 【正确答案 】 B 【试题解析】 第三段和第六段谈到 tap water。 A、 C、 D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的,因为文章第六段说,我们饮用的牛奶和软饮料都含有大量水分,而没有说 tap water是软饮料。 42 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。 these watery quirks指的是上段中的 unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以 C是正确答案。 43 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量;科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的,并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。 44 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 选项 A、 B、 D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较
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