[外语类试卷]职称英语（理工类）A级模拟试卷12及答案与解析.doc

1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Hundreds of species are declared to be extinct in the coming century. （ A） die away （ B） leave off （ C） die out （ D） leave out 2 He is considered to be the most diligent student in class. （ A）

2、 kind-hearted （ B） hard-working （ C） short-sighted （ D） far-reaching 3 Do you believe these two intimate friends used to be enemies? （ A） bearable （ B） internal （ C） close （ D） believable 4 This book embraces many subjects. （ A） adopts （ B） covers （ C） presses （ D） accepts 5 He is sure of the coming

3、 of investment boom after adopting the new investment policies. （ A） decrease （ B） increase （ C） influence （ D） preparation 6 A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday. （ A） waited on （ B） talked to （ C） spoke to （ D） stayed with 7 These are our motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B）

4、 arguments （ C） targets （ D） pursuit 8 Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them. （ A） control （ B） contribute （ C） convey （ D） contact 9 The play is proved to be a remarkable success. （ A） terrific （ B） relative （ C） ultimate （ D） slight 10 Italian ice cream is imitated all over

5、the world. （ A） copied （ B） ignored （ C） organized （ D） provided 11 I notified him that the meeting had been postponed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 12 He has established himself to be a competent manager by his successfully handling several difficult tasks. （ A） definite （ B）

6、 effective （ C） qualified （ D） deficient 13 The hotel tries to meet the diverse needs of its customers. （ A） various （ B） indifferent （ C） many （ D） typical 14 He is exempted from military service, because of his bad sight. （ A） restricted （ B） hampered （ C） liberated （ D） restrained 15 He pondered

7、her words thoroughly. （ A） thought over （ B） thought up （ C） thought of （ D） thought out 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句 提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风 ) and heavy thunderstorms moved acro

8、ss the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的 ) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet o

9、ff the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared.“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees

10、 fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong“ she said. “1 saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色 ). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I starte

11、d crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water, damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the pow

12、er to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river More than four inches of rainfall in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water This made

13、 it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state of officials opened emergency shelters

14、for the people who were evacuated (撤走 ). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm.“ said Snyder. “People were afraid, Mother Nature call be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“ 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. （ A） Right （ B）

15、 Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a fire tighter. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong

16、 （ C） Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trum bull County for a hundred years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Several people were missing during the storm. （ A） Right （

17、 B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Museums in the Modern World Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on

18、rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments w

19、hile listening to their music. At the Modem Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is incr

20、easing. More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific p

21、rinciples for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science

22、 will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they

23、are places to enjoy. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and

24、different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the w

25、orld around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times. The

26、effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the

27、 arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year. In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some mu

28、seums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff. 23 A. Causes of changes B. Increasing number of museums and visitors C. Museu

29、ms getting closer to more spectators D. Movies shown in museums E. New notions about the management of museums F. Places to visit 23 paragraph 2 _. 24 paragraph 3 _. 25 paragraph 4 _. 26 paragraph 5 _. 27 A. have higher demands of museums B. are open to more people with different social background C

30、. to lengthen their opening hours D. charge too little for admission E. have been built and open to public F. by lowing the admission fees 27 Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but _. 28 With the development of society, people, especially the young people, _. 29 To meet the

31、needs of society, more museums _. 30 Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Many features similar to those aeronautical innovations developed by man can be observed amongst birds, insects

32、and plants. At times, observations of these natural phenomena have inspired man to imitate nature and modify existing designs. At other times, the natural example has only been recognized well after great amounts of time and valuable materials have been devoted to refining a similar human invention.

33、 Birds deserve credit not merely for demonstrating flight was possible, but for providing templates for the shape of aircraft wings. The wings of birds suggested the pattern for leadingedge wing slots that improve ascent at slow speeds and for conical cambered wingtips that increase lift and stabili

34、ty. Other characteristics of bird wings, such as a trailing edge flap to aid in smooth landings, were not recognized as important until they had been designed independently by aeronautical engineers. Considerable research effort in aeronautics could probably have been saved by more thorough analysis

35、 of bird flight. The insect world has also contributed significant ideas in the realms of navigation and guidance. In order to aid airline navigation during take-offs and landings under adverse weather conditions, engineers developed a system for locating the sun when it was hidden by clouds through

36、 observing polarized light light which travels in a single direction. The research was instigated(鼓励 ,激发 )after studies of honey bees demonstrated that they used this mechanism to determine their location when the sky was darkened. In another credit to the insect world, the evasive guidance systems

37、of certain missiles use angular acceleration detectors modeled after the multi-lensed eyes of houseflies which amplify subtle movements by splitting images into a mosaic(马赛克 )resembling a large display of televisions tuned to the same channel. Even entities which never take flight themselves are res

38、ponsible for guiding the hand of aeronautical engineers. The winged seed of a palm tree was the model for an early glider, and the single-winged, autorotating maple seed was the prototype for a means of air-dropping cargo by parachute. 31 The author argues that money for aeronautical research money

39、could be invested more efficiently if_. （ A） more advanced products were used in airplanes （ B） more research was devoted to studying bird flight （ C） greater efforts were directed towards shape designs of aircraft wings （ D） greater emphasis was put on guidance systems 32 The word “templates“ (Para

40、 2) is closest in meaning to _. （ A） patterns （ B） outlooks （ C） fakes （ D） imitations 33 What aspect of airplane flight was inspired by bee observations? （ A） Landing manner. （ B） Low speed take-off （ C） Poor-weather guidance system. （ D） Evasive guidance systems. 34 Research related to missile gui

41、dance systems implies that _. （ A） houseflies are multi-eyed （ B） houseflies are more intelligent than is generally realized （ C） houseflies have sophisticated movement detectors （ D） houseflies can locate the sun whether in the day or at night 35 What does the word “prototype“ (Para 4) mean? （ A） m

42、odel （ B） stereotype （ C） example （ D） figure 36 Most of the pioneers of low-temperature physics expected gases to liquefy, but none of them predicted superconductivity. This phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Onnes while he was studying frozen mercury. More than 40 years passed before physicists

43、were able to offer an explanation for superconductivity. The accepted theory, developed in the 1950s, holds that the fundamental behavior of electrons changes at very low temperatures because of the effects of quantum mechanics. Electrons are tiny particles that make up the outer part of an atom, ci

44、rcling rapidly around the nucleus of the atom. In a regular conductor a metal that conducts an electric current the outermost electrons are not bound tightly to the atoms, and so they move around relatively freely. The flow of these electrons is an electric current. At normal temperatures, a conduct

45、ors electrons cannot move completely freely through the metal because they are “bumped around“ by the metals atoms. But according to the leading theory of superconductivity, when a metal is very cold, electrons form pairs. Then, like couples maneuvering on a crowded dance floor but never colliding,

46、the paired electrons are able to move unimpeded through the metal. In pairing up, it seems, the electrons are able to “blend together“ and move in unison without resistance. This explanation seems to account for superconductivity at extremely low temperatures, but in 1986 scientists in Switzerland f

47、ound that some metal-containing ceramics are superconductors at much higher temperatures. By 1992, scientists had developed ceramics that become superconducting at - 297F, and some researchers speculated that room-temperature superconductors may be possible. Scientists are still trying to formulate

48、a theory for high-temperature superconductivity. The new ceramic materials can be maintained at their superconducting temperatures, with relatively inexpensive liquid nitrogen rather than the much colder and much more costly liquid helium required by metal superconductors. The cost difference could

49、make superconductivity practical for many new technologies. For example, magnetically levitated trains, which require superconducting electromagnets, would be much cheaper to build than they are now. Superconducting devices might also be used for advanced power transmission lines and in new types of compact, ultrafast computers. But for the time being, superconductivity is finding application mostly in scientific research and in some kinds of medical imaging devices. 36 The flow of a