[外语类试卷]职称英语（理工类）B级模拟试卷19及答案与解析.doc

1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It is obvious that he will win the game. （ A） likely （ B） possible （ C） clear （ D） strange 2 There is no risk to public health. （ A） point （ B） danger （ C） chance （ D） hope 3 Did anyone call

2、me when I was out? （ A） invite （ B） name （ C） answer （ D） phone 4 It took us a long time to mend the house. （ A） build （ B） destroy （ C） design （ D） repair 5 I dont quite follow what she is saying. （ A） believe （ B） understand （ C） explain （ D） accept 6 Jack is a diligent student. （ A） ambitious （ B

3、） hardworking （ C） lazy （ D） slow 7 Mary said mildly that she was just curious. （ A） shyly （ B） gently （ C） weakly （ D） wildly 8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds. （ A） Almost （ B） Clearly （ C） Absolutely （ D） Basically 9 The story was very touching. （ A） inspiring （ B） boring （ C）

4、absorbing （ D） moving 10 I wasnt qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhow. （ A） anyway （ B） somehow （ C） anywhere （ D） somewhere 11 There was a profound silence after his remark. （ A） proud （ B） short （ C） sudden （ D） deep 12 I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues. （ A）

5、 long （ B） boring （ C） original （ D） humorous 13 The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. （ A） caught （ B） killed （ C） found （ D） jailed 14 Such a database would be extremely costly to set up. （ A） transfer （ B） destroy （ C） establish （ D） update 15 The two banks have announce

6、d plans to merge next year. （ A） combine （ B） sell （ C） close （ D） break 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 New Product Will Save Lives Drinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子 ), which can c

7、ause illness. A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages, which shows whether water is safe. The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it, to destroy anything harmful. It was invented by scientist Dr. Adrian Patton.who started Genera five year

8、s ago. He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company. Andy Headland, Generas marketing director, recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it. Genera has already sold 11 of its tests at $42,500 a time in the U.K.

9、and has a further four on order. It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March. The company says it is the only test in the U.K. to be approved by the government. Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees; it now employs 14. Mr. Headland belie

10、ves that the company should make around $19 million by the end of the year in the U.K. alone. 16 Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Before he set up Genera, Dr. Parton had worked for a British water company.

11、（ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The new product has been a commercial success in the USA. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Each of the tests costs $42,500. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests before the end of the year. （ A） Rig

12、ht （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The British government is helping Dr. Parton to sell the tests abroad. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Genera has increased the number of its employees recently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任

13、务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Electromagnetic Energy White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electr

14、ic light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic ene

15、rgy travels through space. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared(红外线的 )radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is

16、produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays(紫外线 )and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are

17、 part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in

18、 metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to opera

19、te electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ag

20、o. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed(利用 )by man. Chemical energy comes from electron(电子 )rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus o

21、f an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦 ). Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an econpmical

22、 source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear reactions as the lasting source of the suns energy B. The most important source of energy C. Types of electr

23、omagnetic energy D. The machines used for energy generation E. Seeking new sources of energy F. The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine 23 Paragraph 3_. 24 Paragraph 4_. 25 Paragraph 5_. 26 Paragraph 6_. 26 A. when it is absorbed by matter B. when it is cloudy C. because they can pass through s

24、olid objects D. when the sunrays are fierce E. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place F. when electron rearrangement takes place 27 One can get a sunburn even_. 28 Infrared radiation can produce heat_. 29 X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer_. 30 Chemical energy

25、is generated_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar-at least so far. Business Weeks annual survey finds that chief executive officers(CEOs)at 365 of the largest companies got compensation last

26、 year averaging $3. 1 million-up 1. 3 percent from 1994. Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of a typical factory worker? That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980. One reason maybe what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect“. Corporate boards tend to re

27、ckon that “all CEOs are above average“-a play on Garrison Keillors famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the towns children are “above average“. Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation. Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEO

28、s as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: pay levels get ratcheted(一步步地增加 )up. Defenders of lavish CEO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up. They further maintain m

29、ost boards structure pay packages to reflect an executives performance. They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well. So companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders. But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareh

30、olders in 1999, says Scott Klinger, author of this report by a Boston-based Organization United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put $10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8,132. I

31、f $10,000 had been put into the Standard they are dying of starvation instead. Ive come to the conclusion that the people who are trying to save the world are probably quite sincere about it but they dont know much about science and certainly nothing about systems engineering. 36 According to the au

32、thor, which of the following evidence proves that human beings arent responsible for the disappearance of some other animal species? （ A） Human beings have hastened the disappearance of some. （ B） There was mass extinction long before humanitys time on Earth. （ C） Human beings activities have had gr

33、eat impact on the earth. （ D） Many species have extinct since the human race came into being. 37 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “made a dent in their numbers“(Sentence 2, para. 2)? （ A） Made a small hollow place in the surface. （ B） Made up our mind to perish them. （ C） M

34、ade up for the decreased numbers. （ D） Made their numbers decrease. 38 Why does the famine in the western Sahara and the Sahel regions of Africa take place this year? （ A） People are dying of cancer caused by sprayed insecticide. （ B） The insecticide has little effect on the hoppers and locusts. （ C

35、） The number of the hoppers and locusts are too large to control. （ D） The U.N. forbad the regions to use sprayed insecticide. 39 It can be inferred that the author_. （ A） is a radical environmentalist （ B） is an environmental pessimist （ C） is trying to save the world sincerely （ D） knows something

36、 about systems engineering 40 In the eyes of the author, environmentalists are_. （ A） sincere （ B） arrogant （ C） empty-headed （ D） noble-minded 40 Continue to Protect or Destroy Ecosystem Biosphere II was a spectacular failure. The gleaming glass-and-concrete habitat sprawling across the desert in O

37、racle, Arizona, was supposed to support eight human “biospherians“ for two years. But the seal has to be broken before the experiment ended in 1993. Oxygen had fallen to levels normally seen at an elevation of 17,500 feet. Nitrous oxide had risen to the point where it threatened to cause brain damag

38、e. The fresh water supply became contaminated, and vines smothered(厚厚地覆盖 )food plants. Insect pollinators(传授花粉的生物 )and many other species became extinct. By the end, Biosphere II was overrun with swarms of ants and cockroaches. Scientists who gathered recently to review the Biosphere II experiment r

39、eached a disturbing conclusion: “No one yet knows how to engineer systems that provide humans with the life-supporting services that natural ecosystems produce for free.“ The problem is that these ecosystems are undergoing wrenching changes. Water and air quality, while improving in some regions, ar

40、e deteriorating in many others. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere arc climbing. The worlds population could reach 10 billion by 2050. And famed Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson says the current rate of species losses puts us “in the midst of one of the great extinction spasms(突然迸发 )of geolog

41、ical history.“ All of which makes many ecologists wonder whether humans too will soon become extinct. Its an incredibly important but incredibly difficult question. If we continue on this course, were heading for a world in which we will have to engineer services weve always received for free from n

42、ature. Thats why the failure of Biosphere II was so disturbing: it proves that we dont yet know how to do that. The Biosphere II experience demonstrated that maintaining human life is a tricky proposition-especially if we can no longer rely on the services provided by natural ecosystems. If we are c

43、urrently living through a mass extinction, as Wilson believes, we should consider the past. In the great Permian extinction 245 million years ago, 96 percent of species perished. Eventually, the Earth was repopulated with a rich collection of new species, but it took 100 million years. “That should

44、give pause to anyone who believes that what Homo sapiens(现代人 )destroys, nature will redeem, “ Wilson says. “Maybe so, but not within any length of time that has meaning for contemporary humanity.“ 41 The seal of the Biosphere II had to be broken before the experiment ended because_. （ A） the bad cli

45、mate of the desert made the human biospherians ill （ B） the poisonous air caused brain damage of the human biospherians （ C） the ecosystems in it became so bad that the human biospherians cant live （ D） the human biospherians were defeated by swarms of ants and cockroaches 42 What is the purpose of

46、the experiment mentioned in this passage? （ A） To propose measures to hold back environmental deteriorating. （ B） To predict environmental deteriorating that can cause vast destruction. （ C） To limit the destruction that environmental deteriorating may cause. （ D） To see if humans can engineer syste

47、ms providing life-supporting services. 43 It is implied that many ecologists_. （ A） believe the worlds ecosystems are in an undesirable condition （ B） agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be （ C） appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the worlds environme

48、nt （ D） have thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the worlds environment 44 Edward O. Wilson believes that the mass extinction happened in the past_. （ A） is good news for humans （ B） is bad news for humans （ C） promoted the development of humans （ D） blocked the development of humans 45 The mess

49、age the author wishes to convey in the passage is that_. （ A） humans will become extinct if continuing to destroy the nature （ B） man has to limit his activities to slow down environmental pollution （ C） human will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature （ D） maintaining human life is a tough question but still can be solved 五、 补全短文 (第 46-50，每题 2分，共 10 分 ) 下面的短文有 5处空白，短文后有 6个句子，其中 5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 45 The First Fo