[外语类试卷]职称英语（综合类）B级模拟试卷13及答案与解析.doc

1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was close to success. （ A） fast （ B） quick （ C） near （ D） tight 2 The two girls look alike. （ A） beautiful （ B） similar （ C） pretty （ D） attractive 3 The boy is intelligent. （ A） clever （

2、B） naughty （ C） difficult （ D） active 4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back. （ A） sorry （ B） sad （ C） angry （ D） happy 5 What is your goal in life? （ A） plan （ B） aim （ C） arrangement （ D） idea 6 Jack is a diligent student. （ A） hardworking （ B） ambitious （ C） lazy （ D） slow 7 Mary said mildly that

3、she was just curious. （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） wildly 8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds, （ A） Clearly （ B） Almost （ C） Absolutely （ D） Basically 9 The story was very touching. （ A） inspiring （ B） boring （ C） moving （ D） absorbing 10 I wasnt qualified for the job rea

4、lly, but got it anyhow. （ A） somehow （ B） anyway （ C） anywhere （ D） somewhere 11 She was a puzzle. （ A） girl （ B） woman （ C） problem （ D） mystery 12 Her speciality is heart surgery. （ A） region （ B） site （ C） field （ D） platform 13 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.

5、（ A） friendly （ B） private （ C） strong （ D） secret 14 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. （ A） spread （ B） mixed （ C） beaten （ D） covered 15 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） smashed （ D） changed 二、 阅读判

6、断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Bees and Color On our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different gray cards. These gray cards are of all possible shades of

7、gray land include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup (果汁 ) in it; all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup

8、which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place. Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup them. They do not go to any of the gray cards, in spite of the fact that one of the gray cards is of exacfiy the same brightness as the blue card

9、. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of gray for blue. In his way we have proved that they do really see blue as a color. We can find out in just the same way what other colors bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colors, but these insects differ from us as regards their color-se

10、nse in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different gray cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark gray or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This mea

11、ns that red is not a color at all for bees; for them it is just dark gray or black. That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another color which we cannot see at all. This color beyond the violet, invisib

12、le to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light, bees can do so; for them ultra-violet is a color. Thus bees see a color which we cannot even imagine.

13、 This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness. 16 Experiment with bees described

14、 in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a color. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 17 The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a color. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 18 The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out th

15、at bees are not able to see gray as a color. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 19 An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultra-violet as a color. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 20 The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed

16、 by ultra -violet light. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 21 We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colors in the same way as human beings. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 22 Bees are more sensitive to colors than human beings. （ A） True （ B） False （ C） Not mentioned 三 、

17、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may al

18、so suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who sl

19、ept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need t

20、o set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of

21、 chronic shortages of sleep for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires,

22、 in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioni

23、ng. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evi

24、dence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake.“ he said. 23 A.Kripikes research tool. B.Dangers of habitual shortages of sleep. C.Criticism on Kripke

25、s report. D.A way of overcoming insomnia. E.Sleep problems of long and short sleepers. F.Classification of sleep problems. 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A.fall asleep again B.become more energetic the following day C.sleep less than 7 hours D.confirm those se

26、rious consequences E.suffer sleep problems F.sleep more than 8 hours 27 To get a good nights rest, people may not need to _. 28 Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _. 29 One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to _. 30 One survey showed that people who habi

27、tually _ each night have a higher risk of dying. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 “Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable ab

28、andoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, fund

29、ed by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost bec

30、ause salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林 ) that create swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to dro

31、p, allowing sea water to seep (渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发 ) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them dra

32、wing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it wi

33、ll take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature wil

34、l then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is TRUE? （ A） They are students at Sussex University. （ B） They are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an

35、 institution of higher learning. 32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme _. （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution （ B） to identify genes that promote growth ha salty soil （ C） to breed rice plants that taste salty （ D） to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil 33 Which of the follow

36、ing is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? （ A） Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed. （ B） The water table has gone down after droughts. （ C） Sea level has been continuously rising. （ D） Evaporation of water leaves salt behind. 34 The word “affect“ in Parag

37、raph 6 could be best replaced by _. （ A） influence （ B） effect （ C） stop （ D） present 35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is _. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） suspicious （ D） indifferent 36 Importance of Services The United States has moved beyond the industrial economy stag

38、e to the point where it has become the worlds first service economy. Almost three fourths of the non-farm labor force is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nations gross national product is accounted for by services. Also, service jobs typically hold up better during a recess

39、ion than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods. During the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in the United States far more than in Japan and Western Europe combined. About 90 per cent of these jobs were in service industries. During this same time span,

40、some 22 million women joined the labor force and 97 per cent of these women went to work in the service sector. These employment trends are expected to continue at least until the year 2000. For the period 1986 2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that over 21 million new jobs will be creat

41、ed and 93 per cent of them will be in service industries. Moreover, most of this explosive growth in services employment is not in low paying jobs, contrary to the beliefs of many economists, business and labor leaders, and politicians. These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the

42、 economic foundation of Americas middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of low-wage earners. It is true that manufacturing jobs have declined, with many of them going to foreign countries. It is also true that there has been growth in some low-pay

43、ing service jobs. Yet cooks and counter people still represent only 1 per cent of the US labor force today. Furthermore, for many years the fastest-growing occupational category has been “professional, technical, and related work.“ These jobs pay well above the average, and most are in service indus

44、tries. About one-half of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 indicate that services will attract all even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerabl

45、y faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes half-soled, or paid a medical bill in recent years. When we say that services account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures, we still grossl

46、y understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services. gross national product 国民生产总值 , 略作 GNP tangible goods 有

47、形商品 drawback n. 缺点 ; 不利条件 36 The first paragraph intends to tell US that _. （ A） services are more important than industries producing tangible goods （ B） services are important （ C） service jobs make more money than other jobs （ D） services are more comfortable than other jobs 37 Between 1966 and 1

48、986, the United States created about_. （ A） 32.4 million service jobs （ B） 4 million jobs （ C） 22 million service jobs （ D） 19.8 million service jobs 38 Many economists, business and labor leaders and politicians believe that_. （ A） most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-pa

49、ying jobs （ B） most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobs （ C） manufacturing jobs are disappearing because they are no longer attractive （ D） most of the fast growth in the service sector is in high-paying jobs 39 The importance of services can be shown_. （ A） only by consumer expenditure （ B） only by money spent on business services （ C） by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services （ D） only by money spent on food and housing 40 What does