[外语类试卷]阅读理解（主旨大意题）强化练习试卷1及答案与解析.doc

1、阅读理解（主旨大意题）强化练习试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corr

2、esponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades. The research suggests that the pace of economic progress has been rapid and continued for decades, built o

3、n the foundations of relative political stability, rising trade, and economic liberalization (自由化 ) after two world wars. One new study, published recently by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, find that the proportion of the 6. 1 billion people in the world who live on $ 1 a d

4、ay or less shrank from 63 percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999. by some other measures, the progress has been more modest. Still, economists agree that poverty has plunged in key nations such as India and especially China, thanks to slowing population growth as well as econom

5、ic freedom. “This is a huge success for the world as a whole,“ says Harvard University economist Richard Cooper. “We are doing something right. “ The news comes as the World Bank is about to open its annual meeting in Washington an event that has been troubled in recent years by protests that the Ba

6、nk and its sister Institution, the International Monetary Fund (IMF 国际货币组织 )， have done too little for the worlds poor. The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute. Vast populations remain poor, and many still question the wisdom of World Bank policies. Nonetheless, the research fi

7、ndings are helpful to understand what policies should be followed by those institutions and hundreds of other development groups working very hard to hasten the pace of world economic progress. If dramatic gains are under way, the present policies calling for open markets, free business activities,

8、and tight monetary control are working and correct. But critics of IMF and World Bank policies maintain that such economic success stories as Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore are rooted in more than just “free“ markets. These nations have managed to grow rapidly, and thereby reduce poverty, b

9、y limiting imports when their domestic industries were young, pushing exports to rich nations, and putting controls on purely international financial flows. They have been open to foreign-owned factories but have often insisted that those investors share the knowledge and skill on modern technologie

10、s. 1 The word “plunged“ in the first paragraph means_. （ A） decreased （ B） climbed （ C） increased （ D） dropped into water 2 From the passage, we learn that_. （ A） World Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the world （ B） IMF only helps the rich in the world （ C） World Bank controls all the bank

11、s in the world （ D） There are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years 3 According to this passage, in_, the world had the largest number of poor people. （ A） 1999 （ B） 1980 （ C） 1950 （ D） 1990 4 According to the author, the economy of East Asian countries grew very fast because of the

12、 following measures EXCEPT_. （ A） encouraging export （ B） opening up to foreign investments （ C） limiting international financial flows （ D） controlling import 5 The best title for this passage might be_. （ A） Chinas Contribution to the Reduction of Poverty in the World （ B） World Banks Extraordinar

13、y Progress in Recent Decades （ C） Indias Leading Role in Reducing Global Poverty （ D） Global Progress in Reducing Poverty 5 According to a recent survey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979. They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979. It seems

14、that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they? A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday. At the end of the three-day period, Meye

15、r reviewed the bankers activities with him. What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant (多余的 ) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases. App

16、arently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectivel

17、y during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them. A group of headhunters (猎头 ) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position

18、with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job. For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candid

19、ate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work. However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率 ) is not always posit

20、ive. In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyones productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office. Once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For thes

21、e people, the solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both. 6 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work. （ B） Most people can get more work done by working longer hours. （ C） Most Americans work 80 hours a week, and

22、some work even longer. （ D） People can make more money by working longer hours. 7 The management consultant wanted to find out_. （ A） how hard the investment banker worked during his work hours （ B） when people spent time doing unnecessary work in their office （ C） if people needed vacation after wo

23、rking hard for a certain period of time （ D） whether Americans were really working harder than they had done before 8 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） The more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. （ B） Employers do not judge their employees job performance ac

24、cording to the amount of working time. （ C） Some people work more than 40 hours a week in the hope of getting promotion. （ D） All employees are willing to spend extra time at work. 9 The 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job because employers believe_. （ A） that he is more reliable （ B） his exa

25、mple would lead other employees to work longer hours （ C） he has better qualifications （ D） he could encourage other employees to do a better job 10 The expression “to do both “ in the last paragraph is_. （ A） to finish their work satisfactorily and relax and enjoy themselves （ B） to pay attention t

26、o both performance and productivity （ C） to work long hours and have short vacations （ D） to relax and enjoy themselves quite frequently 10 The fourth-graders at Chicagos McCormick Elementary School dont know Chinese is supposed to be hard to learn. For most, who speak Spanish at home, its becoming

27、their third language. Theyve been hearing and using Chinese words since nursery, and its natural to give a “ni hao“ when strangers enter the classroom, “Its really fun!“ says Miranda Lucas, taking a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview with Jackie Chan. “Im teaching my mom to speak

28、Chinese. “ The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials have long wanted more focus oh useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them as well as from busine

29、ss leaders, politicians, and parents has produced a quick growth in the number of programs. Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public schools. Their program has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list. Programs have al

30、so spread to places like Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina. Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantage in a global economy where China is growing in importance. “This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the worlds next superpower,“ says Michae

31、l Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese. “Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how children today are going to think about their careers. The question is when, not whether, the schools are going

32、to adjust. “ The number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French. But one report shows that before-college enrollment (报名人数 ) nearly quadrupled between 1992 and 2002, from 6,000 to 24,000. Despite the demand, though, developing programs isnt easy. And the N

33、o. one difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers. Finding teacher “is the challenge,“ says Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level. “Materials are easy in comparison. Or getting schools funded. “ 11 The best ti

34、tle for this passage might be_. （ A） Next Hot Language to Study: Chinese （ B） Next Hot Language to Study: Spanish （ C） Next Hot Language to Study: French （ D） Chicago Is the Place to Learn Chinese 12 The most difficult thing to do is finding_. （ A） enough textbooks for the Chinese programs （ B） enou

35、gh money for the Chinese programs （ C） enough teachers for the Chinese programs （ D） enough students for the Chinese programs 13 We learn from the passage that _ . （ A） Scott McGinnis has been a Chinese teacher for 15 years （ B） Jackie Chan is a Chinese teacher at McCormick Elementary School （ C） Ch

36、icago officials are required to learn Chinese （ D） Scott McGinnis is good at giving his opinions on everything 14 According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT_. （ A） the number of students learning Chinese is small （ B） Chinese programs have found their way in several major

37、 cities in the U. S. （ C） government officials dont like the pressure from business leaders and parents to start Chinese programs （ D） China is becoming more and more influential in the world 15 The word “quadrupled“ in the last paragraph is close in meaning to “multiplied by （ A） three times （ B） f

38、our times （ C） five times （ D） six times 阅读理解（主旨大意题）强化练习试卷 1答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should dec

39、ide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据文章第一段 “每天生活费不大于 1美元的人口比例正在减少 ”可知， “poverty has plunged”的意思是 “贫困正在减少 ”。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据文章第二段，可知世界上仍然还有很多贫困人口存在，在如何解决这个问题上，一些研究者并不完全同意世

40、界银行的某些做法 。另外，根据做题技巧， A选项的 nothing， B选项的 only和 C选项的 all都是表示绝对性的词，因此排除。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据文章第一段， the proportion of the 6 1 billion people in the world who live on $l a day or less shrank from 63 percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】

41、根据文章最后一段，在本国行业弱小的时候限制进口 limiting imports，鼓励向富裕国家出口 pushing exports，控制单纯的国际流资 putting controls on purely international financial flows。但是引进外资企业 foreign-owned factories的时候，必须保证这些投资者与本国分享先进技术。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 5 【正确答案 】 D 【试题解析】 主旨题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍全球性的减少贫困问题，而非某个国家或组织的行为，因此 A、 B、 C均为以偏赅全。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 【知识模

42、块】 主旨大意题 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章大意的把握。根据最后一段的总结句“However， the connection between time and productivity(生产率 )is not always positive ”可得出应选 A项。 B项说大多数人工作更长的时间 就能完成更多的工作，这与文章主旨恰恰相反。 C项说大多数美国人的工作时间甚至会超过 80小时，这在文中没有明确提及。 D项认为人们工作时间更长能赚更多钱，而文中也没有这个意思，从文中只能看出有人认为工作时间越长，就越能完成更多的工作或得到更好的晋升。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题

43、7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。从第一段中的 “It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before Or are they? A management consultant， Bill Meyer， decided to find out ”可看出应该选 D项。其他三项都不符合题意。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。由第二段的 “Although many working people can do their job e

44、ffectively during a regular 40一 hour work week， they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them ”可知 C项是正确的。 A项说一个人工作的时间越长就能取得更大的成就。虽然第二段开头提到这一说法，但从第四段 “However， the connection between time and productivity(生产率 )is not alwa

45、ys positive ”可以得出文章的主旨，即工作时间 和工作效率并不总是成正比的，因此 A项不正确。 B项说雇主并不根据工作时间长短来评价雇员，但由第二段的 “When employers evaluate employees ， they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance ”可知雇主衡量雇员工作除了工作表现还看工作时间，故 B项是错误的。另根据第四段的 “Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra， unpr

46、oductive time at the office ”可知 D项也是错误的。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。根据第三段的 “According to a headhunting expert， the 80一 hour-aweek candidate would get the job The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work， too ”可知应选 B项，即一周工作 80个小

47、时的候选者更有可能得到这份工作，因为雇主认为他能够带动其他雇员在工作上也投入更多的时间。 A项说因为他更值得信赖，文章没提及。由第三段的 “The candidates had similar qualifications for the job ”可知 C项是错误的。 D项说他能激励其他雇员在工作上做得更出色，而文中是说他能激励其他雇员在工作上投入更多时间，因而不能选 D项。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对短语在上下文中的具体语意的理解。根据最后一段可知 “to do both”是指雇员既能够出色地完成工作又能够得到放松和娱乐，因此应选 A项。

48、其他三项都比较片面，不符合题意。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章大意的把握。文章由芝加哥 McCormick小学的四年级学生学习汉语的情况分析讨论了美国的汉语热，因此最适合的标题应为A项，即 “下一门热门语言：汉语 ”。 B项说是西班牙语， C项说是法语，都不符合题意。而 D项说芝加哥是一个学习汉语的地方，文中没有这方面的意思，只是在开篇由芝加哥 McCormick小学引出后面的议论，因此不能选 D。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章细节的理解。根据第四段中的 “An

49、d the No one difficulty， everyone agrees， is having enough teachers ”可知发展汉语课程最大的困难是缺乏师资，因此应该选 C项。 No one difficulty其实是最大的困难的同义转换，这一考点是阅读里经常会碰到的考点，考生应注意掌握。而 A项的课本不足， B项的资金不足和 D项的生源不足，都是不符合题意的。 【知识模块】 主旨大意题 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文章大意的把握。根据第四段中的 Finding teacher“is the challenge， ”says Scott McGinnis， an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level可知 A项是正确的。而由第一段可知 Jackie Chan (成龙 )是芝加哥 McCormick小学一个四年级学生的采访对象。因此 B项是不对的。 C项说芝加哥的官员都必须学汉