[外语类试卷]高级口译（笔试）模拟试卷22及答案与解析.doc

1、高级口译（笔试）模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Re

2、member you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is (1) , a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of (2) , and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the (3) which doctors and ho

3、spitals must face in the courts if they (4) . But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which the health care is (5) Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined (6) , because private care was simply not looking after (7) .

4、But even with this huge public part of this system, which this year will eat up (8) more than 10 per cent of the US Budget (9) are left out. These include about half the (10) unemployed and those who fail to meet (11) on income fixed on a government trying to (12) where it can. The basic problem, ho

5、wever, is that theres no (13) over the health system. Theres no confinement to what doctors and hospitals (14) , other than what the public is able to pay. (15) has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a (16) , all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pa

6、y up. Two-thirds of the population are (17) Doctors charge as much as they want, knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. (18) in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems. In 2004 (19) climbed 15.9 per cent-about twice (20) Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part

7、 of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you ha

8、ve chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） They had to carry sacks of coal up steep ladders. （ B） They had to crouch in tiny tunnels and dig the coal out. （ C） They had to pull trucks of coal along passage that were only a few feet high. （ D） They had to dig wider tunnels for

9、women and children to work in. （ A） Because there was a shortage of men and women in the area. （ B） Because mining communities were then separated from the rest of the country. （ C） Because the mining tunnels were too low for the horses to pull trucks of coal through. （ D） Because the mine owners we

10、re unable to make men and women work longer hours and stay down the mine all day. （ A） Women and young girls had to work in the mines with the men. （ B） Children were allowed to work underground all day long. （ C） Mine owners violated the Combination Laws. （ D） Most mining families were so poor that

11、 they had few clothes to wear. （ A） Miners were required to wear more clothes while working underground. （ B） Workers were not allowed to join together to fight for better conditions. （ C） Mine owners could no longer make their men work 12 hour or more at a time. （ D） Women and young girls were not

12、permitted to work together with men in the coal mines. （ A） The mine workers demanded that there should be breaks for food. （ B） The mine owners had to improve conditions and introduce safety measures. （ C） The Combination Laws were brought into effect to help the mine owners. （ D） The mine unions m

13、ade it illegal to use children in coal mines. （ A） It blocked a UN Security Council statement against Israel. （ B） It criticized Israel for over-reacting to protests by Palestinian people. （ C） It drafted a statement together with Arab nations. （ D） It used its formal veto power to prevent possible

14、condemnation against Israel. （ A） They made a raid on a public housing estate in west London on July 29. （ B） They attempted to blow up the London transit system. （ C） They killed 56 people in a series of bombings against subway stations. （ D） They set fire to several trains and buses in London. （ A

15、） Most city dwellers still have the tradition of eating wild animals. （ B） More than half of urban interviewees give up wild animal consumption for health risk concerns. （ C） 54 percent of urban interviewees said that they regard animals as their friends. （ D） The varieties of wild animals consumed

16、by Chinese people are changing fast during the last several decades. （ A） Calling for action against runaway oil prices. （ B） The IMFs role in monitoring national currency policies of member countries. （ C） The reform of member countries quota in decision making at the IMF. （ D） The efficiency of th

17、e IMF Board of Governors. （ A） It is a serious endemic disease in some areas of northwest China. （ B） It may lead to breast and prostate cancer. （ C） It benefits 144,000 newborn babies and women of child-bearing age in eight counties and cities in some areas of China. （ D） It is regarded by scientis

18、ts as the most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage. （ A） The unusual habits of the centenarians. （ B） How to live to be 100? （ C） The incredible groups of senior citizens. （ D） How to be young forever? （ A） Because more people are living beyond their expectations. （ B） Be

19、cause scientists are very much interested in it. （ C） Because more people are not living as long as they expected. （ D） Because researchers found centenarians always have unconventional hobbies. （ A） Optimism. （ B） Mobility. （ C） Genetics. （ D） Strength to adapt to loss. （ A） All the residents studi

20、ed have unusual hobbies. （ B） All the centenarians studied ate a highly nutritious diet. （ C） Some of the centenarians suggest that people drink alcohol and eat pork in order to live a long life. （ D） Most of the studied centenarians friends are still alive. （ A） Try not to lose any of your family m

21、embers. （ B） Learn to relax yourself now and then. （ C） Do some sort of regular physical activity everyday. （ D） Always find something to laugh about. （ A） Pasteurizing the food. （ B） Pickling the food. （ C） Cooking the food. （ D） Drying the food. （ A） Milk cant be treated into powder. （ B） Its safe

22、 to drink the milk coming directly from the cow and raw milk makes people stronger and healthier. （ C） If milk is heated and then cooled, the harmful germs can be killed and the milk is safe to drink. （ D） Louis Pasteur was the Frenchman who first sold pasteurized milk in the world. （ A） Grind them

23、to powder. （ B） Freeze or can them. （ C） Heat and cool them. （ D） Dry and put them in the freezer. （ A） Drive to the supermarket and do the daily shopping. （ B） Buy more than the amount for a few days or even a week when they are in the season and freeze the rest. （ C） Choose the frozen vegetables r

24、ather than the fresh ones. （ D） Store a lot of vegetable in a freezer for the winter. （ A） Cleaning them. （ B） Putting them in a tray and freezing them. （ C） Storing them in a plastic bag. （ D） Killing any harmful germs in them. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read sev

25、eral passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the c

26、orresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 In early June, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) the club of the worlds wealthy and almost wealthy nations released a 208-page document perversely titled “Pensions at a Glance“. Inside is a rundown of how generous OECD memb

27、ers are to their burgeoning ranks of retirees. The US is near the bottom, with the average wage earner able to count on a government-mandated pension for just 52.4% of what he got (after taxes) in his working days and higher-income workers even less. But the picture at the other end of the scale (do

28、minated by Continental Europe) is misleading. Most of these governments havent put aside money for pensions. As the ranks of retirees grow and workforces do not, countries will have to either renege on commitments or tax the hides off future workers. What the OECD data seem to suggest is that you ca

29、n run a retirement plan thats fiscally sound but stingy, or you can make big promises that will eventually go sour. The US fits mostly in the former category for all the gnashing of teeth about Social Security, its funding problems are modest by global standards. But is that really the choice? Actua

30、lly, no. At least one country appears to have found a better way. In the Netherlands “the globes No.1 pensions country,“ says influential retirement-plan consultant Keith Ambachtsheer the average retiree can count on a pension equal to 96.8% of his working income. Ample money is set aside to fund pe

31、nsions, and it is invested prudently but not timidly. Companies contribute to employees accounts but arent stuck with profit-killing obligations if their business shrinks or the stock market tanks. The Dutch have steered a middle way between irresponsible Continental generosity and practical Anglo-A

32、merican stinginess. They have also, to lapse into pension jargon, split the difference between DB and DC plans. In a defined-benefit (DB) plan, workers are promised a retirement income, and the sponsor usually a corporation or government is on the hook to provide it. In a defined-contribution (DC) p

33、lan, the worker and sometimes the employer set aside money and hope it will be enough. The big problem with DB is that sponsors are prone to lowball or ignore the true cost. In the U. S. , where corporate pensions provide a key supplement to Social Security, Congress has felt the need to pass multip

34、le laws aimed at preventing companies from underfunding them. In response, some companies spent billions shoring up their funds; many others simply stopped offering pensions. Just since 2004, at least 66 big companies have frozen or terminated their DB plans, estimates Barclays Global Investors. Cor

35、porate DB has given way to individual DC plans like the 401(k) and IRA, but these put too much responsibility on the shoulders of individual workers. Many dont save enough money, and those who do set aside enough earn returns that are on average much lower than those of pension funds. The Netherland

36、s, like the US, has long relied on workplace pensions to supplement its government plan. The crucial difference is that these pensions were mandatory. Smaller employers had to band together to make a go of it, and industry-wide funds became standard. Run more as independent cooperatives than as capt

37、ive corporate divisions, the Dutch funds were less prone to underfunding than their US counterparts. When they nonetheless ran into financial trouble in 2002 after the stock market crashed and interest rates sank, the country came up with a unique response. The Dutch funds are now no longer on the h

38、ook for providing a set income in retirement no matter what happens to financial markets that is, theyve gone DC but they didnt shunt everything to individual workers. Risks are shared by all the members of a pension fund, and the money is managed by professionals. Pension consultant Ambachtsheer ar

39、gues that this “collective DC“ is just what the U. S. needs. Many companies here are improving 401(k)s to give employees more guidance, and theres talk in Washington of supplementing (not supplanting) Social Security with near mandatory retirement accounts. But even those changes would fall well sho

40、rt of going Dutch. Countries dont always set aside enough money to pay for the pensions they promise. 41 According to the report released by OECD, _. （ A） the US does not have big pension problems in comparison with other countries （ B） continental Europe is in fact not doing that well with retireme

41、nt-related issues （ C） governments are generally reneging on their promises with pension problems （ D） countries are all doing pretty well with retirement issues 42 According to the passage, in Netherlands, _. （ A） workers enjoy the highest income in the world （ B） companies generally stop contribut

42、ing to employees accounts in bad times of economy （ C） pension policies bear no resemblance with that of the United States （ D） corporate effort goes together with governmental patronage in pension providing 43 All of the following are TRUE about DB plan EXCEPT that _. （ A） the sponsor provides reti

43、rement income when the money workers have been setting aside is not enough （ B） it is adopted in the United States （ C） under a DB plan, companies may provide less money for pensions than needed （ D） currently it is not as preferred as individual DC plans in the United States 44 The 2002 financial t

44、rouble of Netherlands is mentioned in the passage to show _. （ A） how the country came up with unique response in this financial crisis （ B） how closely economy is related to social welfare （ C） any country might run into financial trouble no matter how strong its pension system is （ D） the countrys

45、 pension system is stronger in coping with shocks 45 The sentence “But even those changes would fall well short of going Dutch. “ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _. （ A） US effort to change is far from enough to catch up with Netherlands （ B） US effort to change will not help to provi

46、de retirees with enough money to go to Holland （ C） changes made in the United States will not make everybody pay the same amount of money （ D） changes made in the United States will never improve the countrys social security system 45 Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they re al

47、ways coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. “Its iniquitous,“ they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year.

48、 It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays. “ The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precis

49、ely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding perf