[考研类试卷]2003年考研英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2003年考研英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to

2、 give serious【 B1】 to how they can be best【 B2】 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and【 B3】 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.【 B4】 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious an

3、d need the【 B5】 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are【 B6】 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be【 B7】 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,【 B8】 , publishing newsl

4、etters with many student-written book reviews,【 B9】 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs, A variety of small clubs can provide【 B10】 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful【 B11】 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy s

5、tudents need the【 B12】 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult【 B13】 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have【 B14】attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized【 B15】 participants can remain active as long as th

6、ey want and then go on to【 B16】 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants【 B17】 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.【 B18】 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by【 B19】 for roles that are within their【 B20】 and their attention sp

7、ans and by having clearly stated rules. 1 【 B1】 （ A） thought （ B） idea （ C） opinion （ D） advice 2 【 B2】 （ A） strengthen （ B） accommodate （ C） stimulate （ D） enhance 3 【 B3】 （ A） care （ B） nutrition （ C） exercise （ D） leisure 4 【 B4】 （ A） If （ B） Although （ C） Whereas （ D） Because 5 【 B5】 （ A） assist

8、ance （ B） guidance （ C） confidence （ D） tolerance 6 【 B6】 （ A） claimed （ B） admired （ C） ignored （ D） surpassed 7 【 B7】 （ A） improper （ B） risky （ C） fair （ D） wise 8 【 B8】 （ A） in effect （ B） as a result （ C） for example （ D） in a sense 9 【 B9】 （ A） displaying （ B） describing （ C） creating （ D） exc

9、hanging 10 【 B10】 （ A） durable （ B） excessive （ C） surplus （ D） multiple 11 【 B11】 （ A） group （ B） individual （ C） personnel （ D） corporation 12 【 B12】 （ A） consent （ B） insurance （ C） admission （ D） security 13 【 B13】 （ A） particularly （ B） barely （ C） definitely （ D） rarely 14 【 B14】 （ A） similar

10、（ B） long （ C） different （ D） short 15 【 B15】 （ A） if only （ B） now that （ C） so that （ D） even if 16 【 B16】 （ A） everything （ B） anything （ C） nothing （ D） something 17 【 B17】 （ A） off （ B） down （ C） out （ D） alone 18 【 B18】 （ A） On the contrary （ B） On the average （ C） On the whole （ D） On the oth

11、er hand 19 【 B19】 （ A） making （ B） standing （ C） planning （ D） taking 20 【 B20】 （ A） capability （ B） responsibility （ C） proficiency （ D） efficiency Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Wild Bill Donovan would

12、 have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game“ of espionage spying as a “profession“. These da

13、ys the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mails, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four yea

14、rs, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence“, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a la

15、rge margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by

16、selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at . Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both

17、 information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far comers of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine“, says Friedman, a former polit

18、ical science professor. “And well hear back from some of them“. Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military

19、-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-frothing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent

20、 voice. 21 The emergence of the Net has _. （ A） received support from fans like Donovan （ B） remolded the intelligence services （ C） restored many common pastimes （ D） revived spying as a profession 22 Donovans story is mentioned in the text to _. （ A） introduce the topic of online spying （ B） show

21、how he fought for the U.S （ C） give an episode of the information war （ D） honor his unique services to the CIA 23 The phrase “making the biggest splash“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _. （ A） causing the biggest trouble （ B） exerting the greatest effort （ C） achieving the greatest succes

22、s （ D） enjoying the widest popularity 24 It can be learned from paragraph 4 that _. （ A） Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true （ B） Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information （ C） Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability （ D） Straitford is able to provi

23、de fairly reliable information 25 Straitford is most proud of its _. （ A） official status （ B） nonconformist image （ C） efficient staff （ D） military background 26 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothi

24、ng“. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have tights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal tights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge an

25、d care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care re search. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an ani

26、mal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers net to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines. Ask if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vacci

27、nes come from animal research. When assured that they do, she re plied, “Then I would have to say yes“. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers“. Such well-meaning people just dont understand. Scientists must communicate t

28、heir message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To thos

29、e who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal re search seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could“ adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to

30、respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health re

31、search community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal re search, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citi

32、zenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 26 The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _. （ A） call on scientists to take some actions （ B） criticize the misguided cause of animal rights （ C） warn of the doom of biomedical research （ D） show the triumph of the an

33、imal rights movement 27 Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _. （ A） cruel but natural （ B） inhuman and unacceptable （ C） inevitable but vicious （ D） pointless and wasteful 28 The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _. （ A） discontent with animal

34、 research （ B） ignorance about medical science （ C） indifference to epidemics （ D） anxiety about animal rights 29 The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _. （ A） communicate more with the public （ B） employ hi-tech means in research （ C） fee

35、l no shame for their cause （ D） strive to develop new cures 30 From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _. （ A） a well-known humanist （ B） a medical practitioner （ C） an enthusiast in animal rights （ D） a supporter of animal research 31 In recent years, railroads have been combining with each o

36、ther, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ten-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of

37、all the freight moved by major rail carders. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for h

38、eavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge suc

39、h “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who fed they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and

40、 will work only in truly extreme eases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other for

41、ms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want rai

42、lroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace“? Asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be tilt with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightenin

43、g fortunes. Still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conra

44、il this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market. 31 Accordi

45、ng to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because _. （ A） cost reduction is based on competition （ B） services call for cross-trade coordination （ C） outside competitors will continue to exist （ D） shippers will have the railway by the throat 32 What is many captive shippers attit

46、ude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Indignant. （ D） Apprehensive. 33 It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that _. （ A） shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad （ B） there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide （ C） overc

47、harged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief （ D） a government board ensures fair play in railway business 34 The word “arbiters“ (Line 5, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those _. （ A） who work as coordinators （ B） who function as judges （ C） who supervise transactions （ D） who determ

48、ine the price 35 According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _. （ A） the continuing acquisition （ B） the growing traffic （ C） the cheering Wall Street （ D） the shrinking market 36 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in Californ

49、ia optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Deat