[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷124及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 124及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The 20th century may have been the age of scientific advancement but, as the new millennium begins, (1)_ world health the progress

2、has been surprisingly slow. Who would believe that there is still no (2)_ for cancer, that 100 years on diarrhea is still on the top 10 lists of world-wide killers and that tuberculosis usually (3)_. Victorian squalor would have reemerged in the West (4)_ growing threat? The fact is that despite gro

3、wing life (5)_ and economic growth, a billion people entered the 21st century (6)_ having a share in medical advances their lives (7)_ or scarred by disease. According to the World Health Organizations latest report, diarrhea killed 2.2m people in 1998 and yet it is a condition that can easily be (8

4、)_ through cheap rehydration therapy. It was the sixth biggest killer of 1998, an honour shared with stillbirth and infant deaths (9)_ cause of death that smacks of the 19th (10)_ 21st century. WHOs top 10 killers list can almost be divided down the middle (11)_ infectious diseases a feature of low

5、income countries and non-communicable disease, such as cancer and heart trouble, (12)_ in wealthy nations. How we die is an indicator of our (13)_. In the rich West it is from cancer, cardiovascular disease and psychiatric illnesses (14)_ In poor countries infectious diseases are still the biggest k

6、illers. It is almost (15)_ those of us who dont have to worry about poverty have brought ill-health upon ourselves. (16)_ once we would hunt and walk, we now remain sedentary, smoke heavily and put ourselves at (17)_ of heart disease and cancer. While we dont need to use all our energies (18)_ where

7、 the next meal will come from we have more time to (19)_ on existential is sues, relationships and our standards of living. Perhaps its no coincidence that (20)_ is three times more likely to cause loss of healthy years in Europe and the US than in Africa. （ A） with regards （ B） in terms of （ C） in

8、respect of （ D） concerning with （ A） healing （ B） therapy （ C） cure （ D） remedy （ A） associated with （ B） involved in （ C） contacted with （ D） subjected to （ A） for （ B） like （ C） by （ D） as （ A） cycle （ B） time （ C） expectancy （ D） expectation （ A） by （ B） without （ C） not （ D） with （ A） shortened

9、（ B） expanded （ C） lengthened （ D） damaged （ A） put to right （ B） put to correct （ C） put right （ D） put correct （ A） other （ B） another （ C） certain （ D） the （ A） more than （ B） other than （ C） less than （ D） rather than （ A） between （ B） to （ C） from （ D） with （ A） sweeping （ B） prevalent （ C） gen

10、eral （ D） widespread （ A） power （ B） strength （ C） wealth （ D） health （ A） when （ B） since （ C） where （ D） while （ A） as though （ B） as for （ C） as to （ D） as regards （ A） Which （ B） Where （ C） When （ D） What （ A） danger （ B） threat （ C） risk （ D） jeopardy （ A） drawing out （ B） figuring out （ C） wor

11、king out （ D） making out （ A） dwell （ B） stay （ C） think （ D） reside （ A） poverty （ B） misery （ C） prosperity （ D） depression Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Prices are sky high, with profits to match. Bu

12、t looking further ahead, the industry faces wrenching change, says an expert of energy. “The time when we could count on cheap oil and even cheaper natural gas is clearly ending. That was the gloomy forecast delivered in February by Dave OReilly, the chairman of Chevron Texaco, to hundreds of oilmen

13、 gathered for a conference in Houston. The following month, Venezuelas President Hugo Chavez gleefully echoed the sentiment: “The world should forget about cheap oil.“ The surge in oil prices, from $10 a barrel in 1998 to above $50 in early 2005, has prompted talk of a new era of sustained higher pr

14、ices. But whenever a “new era“ in oil is hailed, scepticism is in order. After all, this is essentially a cyclical business in which prices habitually yo-yo. Even so, an unusually loud chorus is now joining Messrs OReilly and Chavez, pointing to intriguing evidence of a new “price floor“ of $30 or p

15、erhaps even $40. Confusingly, though, there are also signs that high oil prices may be caused by a speculative bubble that could burst quite suddenly. To see which camp is right, two questions need answering: why did the oil price soar? And what could keep it high? To make matters more complicated,

16、there is in fact no such thing as a single “oil price“: rather, there are dozens of varieties of crude trading at different prices. When newspapers write about oil prices, they usually mean one of two reference crudes: Brent from the North Sea, or West Texas Intermediate (WTI). But when ministers fr

17、om the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC discuss prices, they usually refer to a basket of heavier cartel crudes, which trade at a discount to WTI and Brent. All oil prices mentioned in this survey are per barrel of WTI. The recent volatility in prices is only one of several ch

18、allenges facing the oil industry. Although at first sight Big Oil seems to be in rude health, posting record profits, this survey will argue that the western oil majors will have their work cut out to cope with the rise of resource nationalism, which threatens to choke off access to new oil reserves

19、. This is essential to replace their existing reserves, which are rapidly declining. They will also have to respond to efforts by governments to deal with oils serious environmental and geopolitical side-effects. Together, these challenges could yet wipe out the oil majors. 21 Dave OReilly and Hugo

20、Chavez believe that （ A） prices of oil and natural gas are very high. （ B） prices of oil and natural gas will not go down. （ C） oil and natural gas will keep sustained high prices. （ D） the world has forgotten about cheap oil. 22 According to some loud chorus, the oil price in the new era will be as

21、 low as （ A） about $10 a barrel. （ B） nearly $30 a barrel. （ C） $30 40 a barrel. （ D） $50 a barrel. 23 According to the passage, “West Texas Intermediate“ (Paragraph 4) refers to （ A） an oil industry. （ B） an oil company. （ C） a government organization. （ D） a kind of crude oil. 24 What is the key t

22、o oil price in the authors opinion? （ A） Energy crisis. （ B） Dozens of varieties of crude trading. （ C） Several challenges facing the oil industry. （ D） The rise of resource nationalism. 25 What is the tone of the passage? （ A） Humorous. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Serious. （ D） Anxious. 26 Every spring

23、migrating salmon return to British Columbias rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different. The fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just examined separa

24、tely why 1.3 million sockeye salmon mysteriously “disappeared“ from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians. In 2004, only about 524,000 salmon are th

25、ought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to en

26、force catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the departments reform. In vain: its senior officials are “in denial“ about its failings, said the committee. Mr. Williams report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is “rampant and out

27、 of control“, with “no go“ zones where fisheries officers are told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of

28、whom were armed. Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canadas constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special

29、 commercial fishery. To some Indians, even that is not enough. Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians. On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federa

30、l fisheries minister, responded to two previous reports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new quota system for fishing licences, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on treaties, including fishing rights,

31、 with First Nations. Mr. Regan said his department would spend this year consulting “stakeholders“ (natives, commercial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations access to fisheries. 26 The “explosive conflict“ in the firs

32、t paragraph refers to （ A） salmons return to British Columbias rivers to spawn. （ B） the fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and Bryan Williams. （ C） the struggle between sockeye salmon and human beings. （ D） the collision between salmons survival and human fishery. 27 How many salmon we

33、re there every spring in British Columbias rivers four years earlier? （ A） 1.3 million. （ B） About 524,000. （ C） About 1,824,000. （ D） Above 2,000,000. 28 Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decrease of salmon according to Mr. Williams? （ A） High water temperatures. （ B） Shocking twist.

34、 （ C） Illegal fishing. （ D） Officials failings. 29 What does “First Nations“ refer to? （ A） Canadian Indians. （ B） American Indians. （ C） Natives of the Fraser. （ D） People who inhabiting the Fraser. 30 What is Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, most probably going to do? （ A） He is going

35、to respond to two previous reports. （ B） He is going to propose a new quota system for fishing licences. （ C） He is going to consult natives, commercial and sport fishermen. （ D） He is going to keep a balance between conservation, enforcement and fisheries. 31 Asias real boat-rocker is a growing Chi

36、na, not Japan, a senior American economist observed. There is so much noise surrounding and emanating from the worlds miracle economy that it is becoming cacophonous. In Washington, D.C., the latest idea is that China is becoming too successful, perhaps even dangerously so: while Capitol Hill resoun

37、ds with complaints of trade surpluses and currency manipulation, the Pentagon and sundry think-tanks echo to a new drumbeat of analysts worrying about Chinas 12.6% annual rise in military spending and about whether it might soon have the ability to take preemptive military action to force Taiwan to

38、rejoin it. So it may be no coincidence that for three consecutive weekends the streets of big Chinese cities have been filled with the sounds of demonstrators marching and rocks being thrown, all seeking to send a different message: that Japan is the problem in Asia, not China, because of its wanton

39、 failure to face up to its history; and that by cosying up to Japan in security matters, America is allying with Asias pariah. Deafness is not the only risk from all this noise. The pressure towards protectionism in Washington is strong, and could put in further danger not only trade with China but

40、also the wider climate for trade liberalisation in the Doha round of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). So far words have been the main weapons used between China and Japan, but there is a chance that nationalism in either or both countries could lead the governments to strike confrontational poses

41、 over their territorial disputes in the seas that divide them, even involving their navies. And the more that nationalist positions become entrenched in both countries but especially China, the more that street protests could become stirred up, perhaps towards more violence. All these issues are com

42、plex ones and, as is often the case in trade and in historical disputes, finding solutions is likely to be far from simple. A revaluation of the yuan, as demanded in Congress, would not rebalance trade between America and China, though it might help a little, in due course. A “sincere“ apology by Ja

43、pan for its wartime atrocities might also help a little, but it would not suddenly turn Asias natural great-power rivals into bosom buddies. For behind all the noise lies one big fact: that it is the rise of China, not the status or conduct of Japan, that poses Asias thorniest questions. 31 The “the

44、 worlds miracle economy“ in the beginning of the second paragraph refers to （ A） Asias real boat-rocker. （ B） Chinas economic success. （ C） Japans economic success. （ D） both China and Japans economic success. 32 What does the word “think-tanks“ (Paragraph 2) mean? （ A） Tanks that can think as human

45、 beings. （ B） An institute or group providing solutions for some problems. （ C） A group of authoritative people. （ D） Scholars and professional men. 33 What is the reason for the demonstrations in the streets of big Chinese cities? （ A） China takes military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it. （ B）

46、Japan is the problem in Asia, not China. （ C） Japan is unwilling to face up to its history. （ D） America is allying with Asias pariah. 34 How will the territorial disputes between China and Japan be settled according to the author? （ A） By words and negotiations. （ B） By their navies. （ C） By more v

47、iolence. （ D） Unclear. 35 What is the main cause of the issues in Asia according to the author? （ A） Trade and historical disputes. （ B） The appreciation of the yuan. （ C） Japans refusal of apology for its wartime atrocities. （ D） The rise of China. 36 It has been a wretched few weeks for Americas c

48、elebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, H

49、arry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of WorldCom could well spend the rest of h