[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷182及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 182及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Currently, the American armed forces are the largest professional military on the planet. Other (1)_ have professional soldiers, (2

2、)_ not as many as the United States. For thousands of years, it was (3)_ that professional soldiers were superior to (4)_ timers. But (5)_ most of history, few nations could (6)_ an army of professionals, at least not on a permanent basis. It wasnt (7)_ the late 20th century that countries began to

3、(8)_ large, permanent, all-volunteer armed forces that were carefully (9)_ and trained for combat. Britain was the first, when it phased out conscription in 1962. In 1975, the United States followed (10)_. For over a century, conscription has been seen (11)_ the way to remain (12)_ strong without br

4、eaking the bank. But the conscripts did not stay in uniform long enough to get really good at fighting. Britain and American were the first two nations to realize that conscription was so (13)_ that the voters would pay extra to (14)_ a professional force. Within a decade, an army of professionals b

5、egins to pay (15)_. The professionals are not only more (16)_ on the battlefield, but are also, if carefully (17)_ (for education and aptitude) more likely to constantly develop better ways to (18)_ This produces a tremendous battlefield (19)_ It doesnt make you (20)_, but it does make you very diff

6、icult to defeat. （ A） races （ B） areas （ C） nations （ D） disciplines （ A） and （ B） but （ C） or （ D） notwithstanding （ A） recognized （ B） revised （ C） suspended （ D） suspected （ A） unintelligible （ B） passive （ C） part （ D） universal （ A） in （ B） throughout （ C） for （ D） unlike （ A） afford （ B） purch

7、ase （ C） streamline （ D） scrutinize （ A） during （ B） before （ C） in （ D） until （ A） establish （ B） integrate （ C） intervene （ D） facilitate （ A） evoked （ B） carve （ C） evacuated （ D） recruited （ A） outlet （ B） suit （ C） therapy （ D） origin （ A） in （ B） by （ C） as （ D） on （ A） militarily （ B） theoret

8、ically （ C） physically （ D） mentally （ A） strenuous （ B） invalid （ C） prudent （ D） unpopular （ A） propel （ B） mute （ C） maintain （ D） oppose （ A） for （ B） up （ C） out （ D） off （ A） fragile （ B） lethal （ C） punctual （ D） vulnerable （ A） notified （ B） provoked （ C） selected （ D） manifested （ A） libera

9、te （ B） impart （ C） hinder （ D） fight （ A） advantage （ B） harmony （ C） hazard （ D） savage （ A） invariable （ B） invincible （ C） robust （ D） rigorous Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 “It is an evil influence

10、 on the youth of our country.“ A politician condemning video gaming? Actually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks, as she blamed video games for “a silent epidemic of media desensitizatio

11、n“ and “stealing the innocence of our children“. The gaming future centers on “Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas“, a popular and notoriously violent cops and robbers game that turned out to contain hidden sex scenes that could be unlocked using a patch downloaded from the Internet. The resulting outcry

12、(mostly from Democratic politicians playing to the centre) caused the games rating in America to be changed from “mature“, which means you have to be 17 to buy it, to “adults only“, which means you have to be 18, but also means that big retailers such as Wal-Mart will not stock it. As a result the g

13、ame has been banned in Australia; and, this autumn, Americas Federal Trade Commission will investigate the complaints. That will give gamings opponents an opportunity to vent their wrath on the industry. Skepticism of new media is a tradition with deep roots, going back at least as far as Socrates o

14、bjections to written texts, outlined in Platos Phaedrus. Socrates worried that relying on written texts, rather than the oral tradition, would “create forgetfulness in the learners souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of

15、 themselves.“ (He also objected that a written version of a speech was no substitute for the ability to interrogate the speaker, since, when questioned, the text “always gives one unvarying answer“. His objection, in short, was that books were not interactive. Perhaps Socrates would have thought mor

16、e highly of video games.) Novels were once considered too low-brow for university literature courses, but eventually the disapproving professors retired. Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; all that twirling was thought to be “intoxicating“ and “depraved“, and the music was o

17、utlawed in some places. Today it is hard to imagine what the fuss was about. And rock and roll was thought to encourage violence, promiscuity and Satanism but today even grannies buy Coldplay albums. 21 We can learn from the text that human beings have a history of_. （ A） fascination for the academi

18、c establishment （ B） enthusiasm for juvenile psychology （ C） disbelief in the novel medium （ D） hatred of political corruption 22 The attitudes of Socrates and Hillary Clinton toward the novel medium are_. （ A） identical （ B） optimistic （ C） panicked （ D） confused 23 Video games would have been reco

19、mmended by Socrates due to its_. （ A） text messages （ B） oral tradition （ C） unvarying answers （ D） two-way communication 24 To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? （ A） The emergence of video games is bound to breed evil. （ B） Theres no legal ruling that video games

20、 are bad for people, and they may be positively good. （ C） University literature courses are subject to the harassment of video games. （ D） Theres no sound proof that adults are prone to the moral decline when engaged in video games. 25 When mentioning novels, waltz music and rock and roll, the auth

21、or is suggesting_. （ A） the mishaps of vogues （ B） the misfortune of art masterpieces （ C） the prospect of video games （ D） the effects of various art forms 26 “You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do,“ Montagu Norman, the Ban

22、k of Englands longest serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of in

23、tentions, the Federal Reserve, Americas central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same.

24、 With Alan Greenspan, the Feds much-respected chairman, due to retire next year after a mere 18 years in the job some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central banks credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meetin

25、g, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On

26、 this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, it

27、s fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect

28、, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stock market bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is

29、 not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resourcesencouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue

30、 for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting the fad of the 1990s is too crude. 26 The word “minutes“(Paragraph 2) most probably means _. （ A） record （ B） new-letter （ C） announcement （ D） motive 27 According to the text, it is upset

31、ting that the Federal Reserve does not take into ac count inflation targets_. （ A） until what to do is clarified （ B） until explicit inflation targets are declared （ C） until increases in asset prices are Curbed （ D） until its efficiency is cast doubt on 28 We can learn from the third paragraph that

32、_. （ A） increases in asset prices are interfered by the Federal Reserves （ B） more emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indices （ C） changes have taken place in the pattern of inflation （ D） inflation have been brought under federal control 29 It is implied in the fourth paragraph that Mr. Gr

33、eenspan is skeptical of_. （ A） the stipulation of anti-monopoly rules and regulations （ B） the intervention by central banks in asset prices （ C） the prevention of economic recession （ D） the countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals 30 Which of the followings would be the best titl

34、e for the text? （ A） American Monetary Conundrums Are Readily Deciphered. （ B） American Central Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction. （ C） Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Employed in Transparent Environment. （ D） Americas Monetary Policy Is off Target. 31 It may be just as well for Oxford Univ

35、ersitys reputation that this weeks meeting of Congregation, its 3,552-strong governing body, was held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. Thats because the vice-chancellor, the nearest thing the place

36、 has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fundamental reforms to the university since the establishment of the college system in 1249; and a lot of the dons and colleges dont like it. The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable. Its problems the difficulty of recruiting good dons and o

37、f getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic standards, severe money worries at some colleges all spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most hated antipodean in British academic life, reckons he knows how to so

38、lve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of dons and colleges and increase that of university administrators. Mr. Hood is right that the universitys management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the current row, they do not go far enough. Th

39、e difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly from the nuttiness of its system of governance; the more fundamental problem lies in its relationship with the government. Thats why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on the lunatic fringe of radicalism, but these days

40、 is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is independence. Oxford gets around 5,000($9,500) per undergraduate per, year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge students only 1,150 (rising to 3,000 next year) on top of that. Since it probably costs at least 10,000 a year to

41、 teach an undergraduate, that leaves Oxford with a deficit of 4,000 or so per student to cover from its own funds. If Oxford declared independence, it would lose the 52m undergraduate subsidy at least. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. Americas top universities charge around 20,000 per student per

42、year. The difficult issue would not be money alone: it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilliant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross subsidizing. Americas top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which keeps competition hot and academic

43、standards high, while luring enough donations to provide bursaries for the poor. It should be easier to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded. 31 According to the text, the authors attitude toward John Hood is one of_. （ A） enthusiastic support （ B） slight contempt （ C） str

44、ong disapproval （ D） reserved consent 32 It is implied in the third paragraph that_. （ A） reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford （ B） an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently needed （ C） the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easily remov

45、ed （ D） the current row is essential to many in polite circle 33 The term “bursaries“(Paragraph 5) most probably means_. （ A） preferential policies （ B） scholarship or grant （ C） free stationery and accommodation （ D） sheltering and meals 34 We can see from the available statistics that the_. （ A） t

46、he current financial status of Oxford results from its being state-funded （ B） radical reforms concentrate on Oxford management structure （ C） Oxford independence might become a barrier to its recruiting good dons （ D） notorious reputation results in Oxford meeting of Congregation held this week 35

47、To which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? （ A） The contribution from alumni wont lure ample donation by the wealthy. （ B） The civilized rationality is gradually spoiled by fractious nature. （ C） The row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point. （ D） Amer

48、icans top universities are somewhat apprehensive of their current status but over-confident of their prospect. 36 Elections often tell you more about what people are against than what they are for. So it is with the European ones that took place last week in all 25 European Union member countries. T

49、hese elections, widely trumpeted as the worlds biggest-ever multinational democratic vote, were fought for the most part as 25 separate national contests, which makes it tricky to pick out many common themes. But the strongest are undoubtedly negative. Europes voters are angry and disillusioned and they have demonstrated their anger and disillusion in three main ways. The most obvious was by abst