[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷247及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 247及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural (1)_ of anger, h

2、ostility, and territoriality are expressed (2)_ acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans (3)_ with animals. Aggression is a kind of (4)_ survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that (5)_ animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand,

3、human violent (6)_ evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression violence can not be (7)_ reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give (8)_ to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a socia

4、l (9)_: It is a strategy for (10)_ the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been (11)_. The violence within society is controlled through (12)_ of law. The more developed a (13)_ system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for

5、the discovery, control, and punishment of violence acts. In most tribal societies the only (14)_ to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility of personally carrying out judgment and punishment (15)_ the person who committed the offense. But in legal syste

6、ms, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and (16)_ The society assumes the responsibility for (17)_ individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for (18)_ punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from t

7、he cycle of revenge (19)_ by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility of their protection. The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. (20)_ the one protects the individual form violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of t

8、he state. （ A） impulse （ B） whim （ C） tendency （ D） spur （ A） in （ B） through （ C） to （ D） under （ A） reckon （ B） cope （ C） part （ D） share （ A） delicate （ B） complex （ C） innate （ D） vivid （ A） limits （ B） allows （ C） restricts （ D） entitles （ A） offers （ B） marks （ C） shows （ D） reports （ A） separ

9、ately （ B） simply （ C） generally （ D） broadly （ A） guide （ B） form （ C） model （ D） shape （ A） nurture （ B） gesture （ C） function （ D） objective （ A） creating （ B） adjusting （ C） producing （ D） reigning （ A） coordinated （ B） designed （ C） released （ D） directed （ A） institutions （ B） proposals （ C） a

10、cademies （ D） enforcements （ A） liable （ B） loyal （ C） legal （ D） logical （ A） source （ B） means （ C） origin （ D） power （ A） toward （ B） against （ C） off （ D） upon （ A） diluted （ B） dissolved （ C） diffused （ D） dispersed （ A） shielding （ B） shifting （ C） sheltering （ D） shattering （ A） justifying （

11、B） aggravating （ C） imposing （ D） observing （ A） enhanced （ B） confided （ C） prompted （ D） motivated （ A） Except that （ B） While （ C） Only if （ D） Because Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The title of the

12、biography The American Civil War Fighting for the Lady could hardly be more provocative. Thomas Keneally, an Australian writer, is unapologetic. In labeling a hero of the American civil war a notorious scoundrel be switches the spotlight from the brave actions of Dan Sickles at the battle of Gettysb

13、urg to his earlier premeditated murder, of the lover of his young and pretty Italian-American wife, Teresa. It is not the murder itself that disgusts Mr. Keneally but Sickless treatment of his wife afterwards, and how his behavior mirrored the hypocritical misogyny of 19th-century America. The murde

14、r victim, Philip Barton Key, Teresa Sickless lover, came from a famous old southern family. He was the nephew of the then chief justice of the American Supreme Court and the son of the writer of the countrys national anthem. Sickles, a Tammany Hall politician in New York turned Democratic congressma

15、n in Washington, shot Key dead in 1859 at a corner of Lafayette Square, within shouting distance of the White House. But the murder trial was melodramatic, even by the standards of the day. With the help of eight lawyers, Sickles was found not guilty after using the novel plea of “temporary insanity

16、“. The country at large was just as forgiving, viewing Keys murder as a gallant crime of passion. Within three years, Sickles was a general on the Unionist side in the American civil War and, as a new friend of Abraham and Mary Lincoln, a frequent sleepover guest at the White House. Mrs Sickles was

17、less fortunate. She was shunned by friends she had made as the wife of a rising politician. Her husband, a serial adulterer whose many mistresses included Queen Isabella of Spain and the madam of an industrialized New York whorehouse, refused to be seen in her company. Laura, the Sickless daughter,

18、was an innocent victim of her fathers vindictiveness and eventually died of drink in the Bowery district of New York. Sickless bold actions at Gettysburg are, in their own way, just as controversial. Argument continues to rage among scholars, as to whether he helped the Union to victory or nearly ca

19、used its defeat when he moved his forces out of line to occupy what he thought was better ground. James Longstreet, the Confederate general who led the attack against the new position, was in no doubt about the brilliance of the move. Mr. Keneally is better known as a novelist. Here he shows himself

20、 just as adept at biography, and achieves both his main aims. He restores the reputation of Teresa Sickles, “this beautiful, pleasant and intelligent girl“, and breathes full and controversial life into a famous military engagement. 21 Keneallys biography is intended mainly to （ A） launch a surprise

21、 attack on Democratic congressman. （ B） show sympathy for an abused but reputed lady, Teresa. （ C） curse bitterly at the hypocrisy of notorious heroes. （ D） expose the true character of a general in civil war. 22 The author is of the opinion that Keneallys perspectives are （ A） insightful. （ B） supe

22、rficial. （ C） biased. （ D） skeptical. 23 The case of Mrs. Sickles unfortunate story is mentioned to illustrate （ A） Keys murder solely as a gallant crime of passion. （ B） the controversy raised over a notorious hero. （ C） the brilliance of strategies as displayed by Sickles. （ D） the hypocritical mi

23、sogyny of 19th-century America. 24 It is generally believed that Sickles shot Key, the lover of his wife （ A） to promote his popularity. （ B） out of an uncontrollable impulse. （ C） to revenge his opponents. （ D） in view of the ladys reputation. 25 This text appears to be a digest of （ A） a history t

24、extbook. （ B） a magazine feature. （ C） a book review. （ D） a newspaper editorial. 26 The Tuscan town of Vinci, birthplace of Leonardo and home to a museum of his machines, should fittingly put on a show of the television-robot sculptures of Nam Jun Paik. This Korean-born American artist and the Rena

25、issance master are kindred spirits: Leonardo saw humanistic potential in his scientific experiments, Mr. Paik endeavors to harness media technology for artistic purposes. A pioneer of video art in the late 1960s, he treats television as a space for art images and as material for robots and interacti

26、ve sculptures. Mr. Paik was not alone. He and fellow artists picked on the video cameras because they offered an easy way to record their performance art. Now, to mark video arts coming of age, New Yorks Museum of Modern Art is looking back at their efforts in a film series called “The First Decade“

27、. It celebrates the early days of video by screening the archives of Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), one of the worlds leading distributors of video and new media art, founded 30 years ago. One of EAIs most famous alumni is Bill Viola. Part of the second generation of video artists, who emerged in t

28、he 1970s, Mr. Viola experimented with videos expressive potential. His camera explores religious ritual and universal ideas. The Viola show at the Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin shows us moving-image frescoes that cover the gallery walls and envelop the viewer in all embracing cycles of life and deat

29、h. One new star is a Californian, Doug Aitken, who took over Londons Serpentine Gallery last October with an installation called “New Ocean“. Some say Mr. Aitken is to video what Jackson Pollock was to painting. He drips his images from floor to ceiling, creating sequences of rooms in which the spac

30、e surrounds the viewer in hallucinatory images, of sound and light. At the Serpentine, Mr. Aitken created a collage of moving images, on the theme of waters flow around the planet as a force of life. “I wanted to create a new topography in this work, a liquid image, to show a world that never stands

31、 still“, he says. The boundary between the physical world and the world of images and information, he thinks, is blurring. The interplay of illusion and reality, sound and image, references to art history, politics, film and television in this art form that is barely 30 years old can make video art

32、difficult to define. Many call it film-based or moving-image art to include artists who work with other cinematic media. At its best, the appeal of video art lies in its versatility, its power to capture the passing of time and on its ability to communicate both inside and outside gallery walls. 26

33、The birthplace of Leonardo is mentioned in the text （ A） to introduce the topic of the technology of video art. （ B） to pay tribute to this Renaissance master. （ C） to honor his contribution to scientific discoveries. （ D） to outline the development of art television. 27 Toward the novel literary id

34、ea, the authors attitude seems to be that of （ A） Disapproval. （ B） Neutrality. （ C） Appreciation. （ D） Suspicion. 28 As pointed out in the text, the video art technology is characterized by its （ A） human ingenuity （ B） complex definition. （ C） strong appeal. （ D） amazing interactivity. 29 The vide

35、os created by Dough Aitken is used to show a combination of （ A） television and robotics. （ B） illusion and reality. （ C） sculptures and paintings. （ D） space and planets. 30 Which of the following would the best title for the text? （ A） A New Generation of Artists. （ B） Video Art is Going Nowhere.

36、（ C） A Cradle of Famous Artists. （ D） Now Art far the MTV Generation. 31 It may turn out that the “digital divide“ one of the most fashionable political slogans of recent years is largely fiction. As you will recall, the argument went well beyond the unsurprising notion that the rich would own more

37、computers than the poor. The disturbing part of the theory was that society was dividing itself into groups of technology “haves“ and “have-nots“ and that this segregation would, in turn, worsen already large economic inequalities. It is this argument that is either untrue or wildly exaggerated. We

38、should always have been suspicious. After all, computers have spread quickly because they have become cheaper to buy and easier to use. Falling prices and skill requirements suggest that the digital divide would spontaneously shrink and so it has. Now, a new study further discredits the digital divi

39、de. The study, by economist David Card of the University of California, Berkeley, challenges the notion that computers have significantly worsened wage inequality. The logic of how this supposedly happens is straightforward: computers raise the demand for high-skilled workers, increasing their wages

40、. Meanwhile, computerization by automating many routine tasks reduces the demand for low-skilled workers and, thereby, their wages. The gap between the two widens. Superficially, wage statistics support the theory. Consider the ratio between workers near the top of the wage distribution and those ne

41、ar the bottom. Computerization increased; so did the wage gap. But wait, point out Card and DiNardo. The trouble with blaming computers is that the worsening of inequality occurred primarily in the early 1980s. With computer use growing, the wage gap should have continued to expand, if it was being

42、driven by a shifting demand for skills. Indeed, Card and DiNardo find much detailed evidence that contradicts the theory. They conclude that computerization does not explain “the rise in U.S. wage inequality in the last quarter of the 20th century“. The popular perception of computers impact on wage

43、s is hugely overblown. Lots of other influences count for as much, or more. The worsening of wage inequality in the early 1980s, for example, almost certainly reflected the deep 1981 1982 recession and the fall of inflation. Companies found it harder to raise prices. To survive, they concluded that

44、they had to hold down the wages of their least skilled, least mobile and youngest workers. The “digital divide“ suggested a simple solution (computers) for a complex problem (poverty). With more computer access, the poor could escape their lot. But computers never were the source of anyones poverty

45、and, as for escaping, what people do for themselves matters more than what technology can do for them. 31 It is generally believed that the digital divide is something （ A） that is responsible for economic inequalities. （ B） deemed to be positive in poverty-relief. （ C） that results from falling com

46、puter prices. （ D） getting worse because of the Internet. 32 According to the author, the notion that computers are to blame for the wage gap is （ A） quite insightful. （ B） very contradictory. （ C） rather shallow. （ D） fairly illuminating. 33 The authors attitude toward the opinion held by Card and

47、DiNardo is one of （ A） reserved consent. （ B） strong disapproval. （ C） slight contempt. （ D） enthusiastic support. 34 The author seems to believe that widened wage gap can be attributed to （ A） the impact of computers on routine work. （ B） the delayed effects in the early 1980s. （ C） the complexity

48、of poverty problem. （ D） the narrowing of the digital divide. 35 The purpose of the author in writing the text is （ A） to advocate the elimination of poverty. （ B） to justify the influence of the digital divide. （ C） to democratize computer access today. （ D） to expose the myths of the digital divid

49、e. 36 The dot-com collapse may have been a disaster for Wall Street, but here in Silicon Valley, it was a blessing. It was the welcome end to an abnormal condition that very nearly destroyed the area in an overabundance of success. You see, the secret to the Valleys astounding multiple-decade boom is failure. Failure is what fuels and renews this place. Failure is the foundation for innovation. The valleys business ecology depends on failure the same way the tree-covered