[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷248及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 248及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily prescribed by the investigat

2、or (1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motivational aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when the person will begin to think in (6)_ to some

3、 other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth pursuing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_ much thinking is aimed at (9)_ ends, special

4、motivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in which the (10)_ of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has (11)_ and some formula or set of requirements that

5、(12)_ a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will (13)_. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary (14)_ value and stimulus generalization; i.e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern to become a source of satisfaction if it resembl

6、es or has (15)_ accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, (16)_, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and (17)_ is considered. Inconsistency between beliefs, between items of incoming se

7、nsory information, or between ones belief and an item of sensory information (18)_ can be a source of discomfort impelling a (19)_ for resolution through reorganization of belief (20)_ or through selective acquisition of new information. （ A） for （ B） into （ C） with （ D） by （ A） procedure （ B） exper

8、iment （ C） program （ D） adventure （ A） However （ B） Consequently （ C） Thus （ D） Simultaneously （ A） encounter （ B） obligation （ C） insight （ D） inquiry （ A） consideration （ B） discovery （ C） question （ D） neglect （ A） respect （ B） preference （ C） response （ D） return （ A） rarely （ B） particularly （

9、C） barely （ D） definitely （ A） Although （ B） Since （ C） Unless （ D） Provided （ A） normal （ B） practical （ C） plausible （ D） terminal （ A） process （ B） recognition （ C） prediction （ D） discovery （ A） created （ B） contributed （ C） donated （ D） produced （ A） demand （ B） define （ C） defend （ D） detect （

10、 A） follow （ B） bring （ C） stimulate （ D） characterize （ A） pressure （ B） emphasis （ C） reward （ D） profit （ A） obviously （ B） subsequently （ C） frequently （ D） commonly （ A） though （ B） however （ C） moreover （ D） therefore （ A） popularity （ B） publicity （ C） difficulty （ D） uncertainty （ A） broadly

11、 （ B） evidently （ C） distinctly （ D） confusedly （ A） search （ B） wish （ C） plea （ D） talent （ A） devices （ B） structures （ C） systems （ D） concepts Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It was inevitable that a

12、ny of President George W. Bushs fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The presidents defense was pathetic: He argued that the steel tariffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggl

13、ing, and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various forms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry

14、 to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said in a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker

15、 of protection It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group“. Since 1950s, Big Steel has been reluctant to make the investments needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It a

16、greed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technologically advanced U.S. mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor., these mills now capture abo

17、ut half of overall U.S. sales. The profitability of U.S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other governments, are determined primarily in world markets. These prices are relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since decline

18、d with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U.S. economy. The low prices are also signal that the inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even fa

19、ster than they have been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the overall U.S. economy if foreign producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, t

20、he extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing? 21 According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protection given to steel companies （ A） will increase the state wealth. （ B） will threaten trade monopoly. （ C） will raise their comp

21、etitiveness. （ D） will ultimately hurt consumers. 22 The U.S. integrated steel companies believe that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of （ A） the sacrifice from U.S. consumers. （ B） the governments financial support. （ C） the reduction of steel product prices. （ D） the compromise

22、from the labor force. 23 Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text? （ A） Lower efficiency. （ B） Lack of protection. （ C） Corporate structures. （ D） Lobbyist addiction. 24 We can draw a conclusion from the text that the overall U.S. economy （ A） must

23、guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices. （ B） had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors. （ C） can benefit enormously from the lower prices of steel in world markets. （ D） took advantage of the governments protection to enhance efficiency. 25 The

24、authors attitude towards the measure adopted by the President seems to be that of （ A） approval. （ B） optimism. （ C） opposition. （ D） indifference. 26 On Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc. announced its first foray into Japan, the Bentonville (Ark.) retailing giant placed a big bet that it could suc

25、ceed where countless other foreign companies have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been forced to close up shop after failing to Catch on in Japan, one of the worlds largest but most variable consumer markets. May Wal-Mart make a go of it where others have stumb

26、led? One good sign is that the mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd., which it can raise to a controlling 33.4% by yearend and to 66.7% by 2007. That gives Wal-Mart time to revise its strategy or run for the exits. Th

27、e question is whether Wal-Mart can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This, after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumers who have become even more so since Japan slipped into a decade long slump. How will Wal-Mart bring to bear its legendary cost-cutting sav

28、vy in a market already affected by falling prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. “It is uncertain whether Wal-Marts business models will be effective in Japan“, Standard that a battle over abortion would be much more difficult; that a similar fight seemed unlikely to gain ground elsewhere i

29、n Europe. Part A Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points) 51 Your son kicked his ball through your neighbors window. Write a letter to tell your neighbor 1) your regret at hearing the news, 2) your intention to compensate for the dama

30、ge, 3) your apology. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points) 52 Look at the picture and write

31、an article on a marketing strategy: discount promotion. Your article should meet the following two requirements: 1) interpret the message conveyed by the picture 2) make your comments on the phenomenon You should write 160 200 words neatly. 考研英语模拟试卷 248答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: R

32、ead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 A 2 【正确答案】 B 3 【正确答案】 C 4 【正确答案】 D 5 【正确答案】 D 6 【正确答案】 B 7 【正确答案】 C 8 【正确答案】 A 9 【正确答案】 B 10 【正 确答案】 D 11 【正确答案】 D 12 【正确答案】 B 13 【正确答案】 A 14 【正确答案】 C 15 【正确答案】 C 16 【正确答案】 B 17 【正确答案】

33、 D 18 【正确答案】 B 19 【正确答案】 A 20 【正确答案】 C Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 【正确答案】 D 22 【正确答案】 B 23 【正确答案】 A 24 【正确答案】 C 25 【正确答案】 C 26 【正确答案】 B 27 【正确答案】 A 28 【正确答案】 C 29 【正确答案】 D 30 【正确答案】 B 31 【正确答案】 D 32 【

34、正确答案】 D 33 【正确答案】 C 34 【正确答案】 A 35 【正确答案】 B 36 【正确答案】 C 37 【正确答案】 A 38 【正确答案】 B 39 【正确答案】 C 40 【正确答案】 D Part B (10 points) 41 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 根据空格上下段的语义，尤其是第三段说到 “recent crisis“可能会使得讨论普遍免疫显得不合时宜，这说明上文说到过某个危机事件，选项 F符合语义连贯要求，故为正确答案。 42 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 由于空格的上下段分别在说 Mr. Harper以及上周召开的疫苗会议，这说明空格段必然是与这两者相关

35、的内容，这样 才能保证语义的连贯性， A符合要求，为正确答案。 G项似乎与空格前段衔接，但选项中说到的 “supply problems“与空格后段内容脱节；实际上， supply problems是文章末尾讨论的问题，所以， G项不能作为 42题答案。 43 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 空格下段的 Also对判断本题选项很重要，既然 Also所在段说到了普及免疫所存在的又一个障碍，这说明空格段已经涉及到某种普及疫苗的障碍， E项 (谈到 unstable supply这个实施障碍 )符合要求，为正确答案。 44 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 空格上下段都在说相关厂家对生产该疫苗心存芥蒂

36、，因此空格段也应该谈相关厂家的反应， B项是唯一符合要求的选项，为答案。 45 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 空格上段末句说到了稳定供应 (stabilize supply)的问题；下段又说到需求也是个问题，相关性最强的选项就是 G项了，故为答案。 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 【正确答案】 因为包括新教皇 Benedict XVI在内的罗马天主教会的领导机构建议意大利人抵制

37、这次全民公决，教会与国家之间的争斗使得投票延续了两天 星期天和星期一，并且绝无仅有地波动到了国家内的宗教和政治团体。 【试题解析】 这是一个主从复合句， as引导的是一个原因状语从句，在主句中现在分词短语 the fight leading up to two days of voting on Sunday and Monday作主语，谓语是 mobilized。 mobilized意为 “动员，调动 “， establishment意为 “机构“，短语 urge.to.的意思是 “力劝 “ ， boycott意为 “抵制 “， referendum意为 “全民公决 “。 47 【正确答案】

38、 在欧洲，最近的几十年间教会的影响已经明显地削弱，这样一个结果对于教会和对刚即位的教皇 Benedict的权利，似乎是一个直接的胜利。 【试题解析】 这是一个简单句，在地点状语部分有一个修饰 Europe的定语从句。 papacy意为 “教皇权利 “immediate这 里是 “直接的 “的意思。 48 【正确答案】 去年在教会的游说下通过的生殖法把生命定义为从受孕开始，并且禁止大多数在人类胚胎上进行的试验。 【试题解析】 这是一个简单句，有一个修饰主语 law的过去分词短语。 lobby意为 “游说 “， conception意为 “受孕 “； embryo意为 “胚胎 “。 49 【正确答

39、案】 支持全民公决的政治力量承认这是一次严重的失败，他们把这个结果当作是对教会与国家之间屏障的一次打击。 【试题解析】 这是一个复合句，有一个修饰 forces的一个定语从句。 fertility意为 “生殖 “， concede意为 “承认 “， characterize.as.意为 “把 当作 “。 50 【正确答案】 但是有些专家警告说不要对这个结果加以过多的理解，他们指出，在意大利，教会与国家的关系远比其他国家密切；对堕胎问题进行的纷争会更加地激烈；而类似的斗争在欧洲的其他国家似乎是不可能发生。 【试题解析】 这是一个复合句，注意在现在分词 noting后有三个并列的宾语从句。 rea

40、d.into.意为 “对 加以 的理解 “， entwine意为 “使缠绕 “。 Part A Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points) 51 【正确答案】 Dear Mrs. Harrison, I was most upset to learn that Thomas had kicked his ball through your sitting room window again this afternoon. He

41、 has been warned repeatedly not to play on that piece of waste ground beside your house, especially since the last accident. Unfortunately, he disobeyed me, and I can only offer my sincerest apologies. When you have the window repaired, please send the bill to me. I intend to keep the money out of T

42、homas pocket money in the hope that this will teach him a lesson. Apologize once again. Sincerely, Li Ming 【试题解析】 这是一篇致歉信，注意审读规定的情景和相应提纲，挖掘写作内容，做好字数方面的布局，然后按相应提纲逐项展开。写作时，要注意不同的写作对象和和写作目的，注意语体措辞的得体性。 Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points) 52

43、 【正确答案】 For the time being, many department stores, shopping malls and businesses often use a seemingly unfailing marketing strategy, i.e. discount promotion. As illustrated in the picture, they give it a full play and perform it in such a way that theyre actually casting a big net to catch every po

44、ssible consumer. Thats exactly what the picture above seeks to depict. Its justifiable for their action as the competition between ever increasing stores becomes intense. Even so, we should not forget a precondition that the consumers interests should be guaranteed rather than be infringed upon by s

45、ome fraudulent behaviors of certain stores. We are likely to suspect their real intentions when some businesses raise the price of a certain product first and then give consumers a discount or they sell the products with inferior quality in the name of a discount. Since no one is willing to accept a

46、 false discount or inferior products, he or she may think the shop is no longer trustworthy or even go so far as to make a complaint to the government agency which is responsible for regulating business behaviors. Consequently the long-term financial return of a promotion like this is not satisfacto

47、ry for the one who initiates it. My point is businesses who apply the marketing strategy of discount promotion had better bear in mind that in no way do consumers resemble fish which can be easily manipulated by anyone who casts a net. 【试题解析】 这是一份图画作文。仔细研究指令及其图画可以发现，其主题是说不少商家名为打折促销，实为撒网捕鱼 (诱骗消费者 )。确 定主题后，可以谋构三段的大概内容，然后动笔。写完自己的作文后，可参看并分析范文，如它是怎样设定三段的写作内容的，又用了哪些句式和词汇去表达内容，以从中汲取写作的营养。