[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷278及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 278及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Valentines Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia. (1)_ the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called (2)

2、_ the god Lupercus to help them. A festival in his (3)_ was held February 15th. On the eve of the festival the (4)_ of the girls were written on (5)_ paper and placed in jars. Each young man (6)_ a slip. The girl whose name was (7)_ was to be his sweetheart for the year. Legend (8)_ it that the holi

3、day became Valentines Day (9)_ a roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II (10)_ the Roman soldiers not to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would (11)_ stay home than fight. When Valentine (12)_ the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on

4、 February 14th, the (13)_ of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a (14)_. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14thValentines Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine (15)_ of Lupercus. Valentines Day has become a major (16)_ of love and romance in the modem world. The anc

5、ient god Cupid and his (17)_ into a lovers heart may still be used to (18)_ falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers or jewelry, to do this. (19)_ to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentines Day can sometimes be as (20)_ as forgetting a birthday or

6、a wedding anniversary. （ A） While （ B） when （ C） Though （ D） Unless （ A） upon （ B） back （ C） off （ D） away （ A） honor （ B） belief （ C） hand （ D） way （ A） problems （ B） secrets （ C） names （ D） intentions （ A） rolls （ B） piles （ C） works （ D） slips （ A） cast （ B） caught （ C） drew （ D） found （ A） given

7、 （ B） chosen （ C） elected （ D） delivered （ A） tells （ B） means （ C） makes （ D） has （ A） after （ B） since （ C） as （ D） from （ A） ordered （ B） pleaded （ C） envisioned （ D） believed （ A） other （ B） simply （ C） rather （ D） all （ A） disliked （ B） defied （ C） defeated （ D） dishonored （ A） celebration （ B）

8、 arrangement （ C） feast （ D） eve （ A） goat （ B） saint （ C） model （ D） weapon （ A） because （ B） made （ C） instead （ D） learnt （ A） part （ B） representative （ C） judgment （ D） symbol （ A） story （ B） wander （ C） arrow （ D） play （ A） portray （ B） require （ C） demand （ D） alert （ A） Keeping （ B） Disappro

9、ving （ C） Supporting （ D） Forgetting （ A） constructive （ B） damaging （ C） reinforcing （ D） retorting Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 When young people who want to be journalists ask me what subject they s

10、hould study after leaving school, I tell them: “Anything except journalism or media studies“. Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring something other than a knowledge of the media to the party th

11、at we call our work. On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. The editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read history, ancient and modern, at the taxpayers expense. I

12、am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, would make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on teaching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty much wasted. The only academic course of which he woul

13、d wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physics, but then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aeroplanes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that everything taught at the public expense should hav

14、e a direct, practical application that will benefit society and the economy. It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britains education system should think in this narrow-minded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic disciplines benefit society and the economy, wheth

15、er in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to think to process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and untrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed to flourish is clearly a much more interesting,

16、stimulating and enjoyable place than one without “ornaments“, in which money and usefulness are all that count. Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that much of what is taught in Britains universities is useless. But it is useless for a far more serious reason than that it lacks any obviou

17、s economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teaching that it should stimulate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses are a waste of time and money, then a waste the

18、y are. The answer is not to cut off state funding for the humanities. It is to offer short, no nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this means, a great deal of wasted money could be saved

19、 and all students the academic and the no, so-academicwould benefit. What Mr. Clarke Seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob Britain of all claim to be called a civilised country. 21 The second paragraph is meant to demonstrate that _. （ A） students of other disc

20、iplines than journalism are preferred employees of newspapers （ B） young people should learn other subjects than journalism after leaving school （ C） veterans of the authors trade would give the same advice to puzzled youngsters （ D） young people should diversify their learning subjects to be better

21、 employed 22 Charles Clarke as described in the passage would probably agree that _. （ A） philosophy as an academic discipline in college should be canceled （ B） physics should be the topmost choice of disciplines for prospective journalists （ C） the Daily Telegraph is poorly staffed and needs rearr

22、angement （ D） there is no reason for the state to pay for subjects of higher education 23 Which of the following is true according to the author? （ A） The role of state-funded universities is to train students for a job. （ B） Every academic subject will do good to society and the economy somehow. （

23、C） Academic research and intelligent ideas are more important than “ornaments“. （ D） Money and usefulness are the criteria to judge the worth of a discipline. 24 That many subjects taught at British colleges are useless is mainly owing to _. （ A） their falling short of the demands of economy （ B） th

24、eir validity as a discipline being untestified （ C） their failure to meet the standards of university instruction （ D） their inability to arouse the interest of students 25 The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to _. （ A） propose an academic discipline for young people wishing to be

25、 journalists （ B） debate both sides of the proper pattern of Britains higher education （ C） condemn Charles Clarke for his improper statements about higher education （ D） contrast Charles Clarkes claim about higher education to that of his own 26 Standard “ The directors behind “Lazy Sunday“ embody

26、the phenomenon. When the shaggy-haired Samberg, 27, graduated from NYU Film School in 2001, he faced the conventional challenge or, crashing the gates Of Hollywood. With his two childhood friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone, he came up with an unconventional solution: they started recording mus

27、ic parodies and comic videos, and posting them to their Web site, TheL. The material got the attention of producers at the old ABC sitcom “Spin City“, where Samberg and Taccone worked as low-level assistants; the producers sent a compilation to a talent agency. The friends got an agent, made a coupl

28、e of pilot TV sketch shows for Comedy Central and Fox, featuring themselves hamming it up in nearly all the roles, and wrote jokes for the MTV Movie Awards. Even when the networks passed on their pilots, Samberg and his friends simply posted the episodes online and their fan base at 40,000 unique vi

29、sitors a month earlier this year grew larger. Last August, Samberg joined the “SNL“ cast, and Schaffer and Taccone became writers. Now they share an office in Rockefeller Center and “are a little too cute for everyone“, Samberg says, “We are friends living our dream“. Short, funny videos like “Lazy

30、Sunday“ happen to translate online, but not everything works as well. Bite-size films are more practical than longer ones; comedy plays better than drama. But almost everything is worth trying, since the tools to create and post video are now so cheap, and ad hoc audiences can form around any sensib

31、ility, however eccentric. 36 The “dawn of the democratization of the TV and film business“ probably means _. （ A） film and television business is enjoying an unprecedented success （ B） the general public are playing an active role in pop-culture （ C） filmmakers are showing great enthusiasm for succe

32、ss on the Web （ D） e-mail, downloads or links are now the main means of film distribution 37 It is implied in the text that _. （ A） talent agents are sometimes essential to a persons success in pop world （ B） time is up for the artists to develop a direct connection to the public （ C） short videos o

33、n the Web would prove to be the most popular productions （ D） the film and television business can be compared to a bypass surgery 38 Sambergs solution was unconventional because _. （ A） newcomers were usually denied access to Hollywood （ B） he and his two childhood friends got accepted into Hollywo

34、od （ C） he recorded music parodies and comic videos all by himself （ D） he and his friends created and uploaded their productions to their Web site 39 Which of the following contributed most to the Net success of “Lazy Sunday“? （ A） Producers at the old ABC sitcom “Spin City“. （ B） Conventions of Ho

35、llywood. （ C） Comic nature of the video. （ D） Eccentricity of audiences online. 40 The purpose of this text is primarily to _. （ A） report the unexpected success of Samberg （ B） point out a new direction for TV and film business （ C） discuss a new phenomenon in pop-culture （ D） explain the reasons B

36、ehind Sambergs success Part B (10 points) 41 You are going to read a list of headings and a text about the Deep Impact by NASA; Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first paragraph and the last two paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra

37、 heading which you dont need to use. A. Revelation of the nature of comets B. A perfect representative of the comets C. Hoping for the best D. Right time and right place for the Impact E. What to expect of this Deep Impact? F. Mystery in the heavens On Monday at 1:52 a.m. ET, a probe deployed by a N

38、ASA spacecraft 83 million miles from home will smash at 23,000 mph into an ancient comet the size of Manhattan, blasting a hole perhaps 14 stories deep. (41)_. Launched in January, NASAs $333 million Deep Impact mission is designed to answer questions that scientists have long had about comets, the

39、ominous icebergs of space. This is the first time any space agency has staged such a deliberate crash. Scientists hope images transmitted by the probe and its mother ship will tell them about conditions in the early solar system, when comets and planets, including Earth, were formed. The team hopes

40、to release photos of the impact as soon as they are received from the craft. NASA and observatories across the nation will be releasing webcasts. (42)_. At the very least, NASA says, knowing how deep the probe dives into the comet could settle the debate over whether comets are compact ice cubes or

41、porous snow cones. “We need to dig as deep a hole as possible“, says mission science Chief Michael AHearn of the University of Maryland. Until now, the closest scientists have come to a comet was when NASAs Stardust mission passed within 167 miles of the comet Wild 2 last year, collecting comet dust

42、 that is bound for a return to Earth in January. The most famous date with a comet occurred when an international spacecraft flotilla greeted Halleys comet in 1986. But these quick looks examined only the comets dust and Surface; (43)_. To the ancients, comets were harbingers of doom, celestial intr

43、uders on the perfection of the heavens that presaged disaster. Modern astronomers have looked on them more favorably, at least since Edmond Halleys celebrated 1705 prediction of the return of Halleys Comet in 1758 and every 75 years thereafter. Today, scientists believe Tempel 1 (named for Ernst Wil

44、helm Leberecht Tempel, who first spotted it in 1867 while searching for comets in the sky over Marseilles, France) and other comets are windows to the earliest days of the solar system, 4.6 billion years ago, when planets formed from the dust disk surrounding the infant sun. (44)_. Deep Impacts copp

45、er-plated “impactor“ a 39-inch long, 820-pound beer-barrel-shaped probe will be “run over like a penny on a train track“ when it crashes, AHearn says. The impactor is equipped with a navigation system to make sure it smacks into the comet in the right location for the flyby crafts cameras. On Sunday

46、, the flyby spacecraft will release the probe. Twelve minutes later, it will beat a hasty retreat with a maneuver aimed at allowing a close flyby, from 5,348 miles away, with cameras pointed. Fourteen minutes after the impact, the flyby spacecraft will scoot to within a mere 310 miles for a close-up

47、 of the damage. (45)_. Ideally, everything will line up, and the flyby spacecraft will take images of the crater caused by the impact. It will go into a “shielded“ mode as ice and dust batter the craft, then emerge to take more pictures. “The realistic worst case is hitting (the comet) but not havin

48、g the flyby in the right place“, AHearn says. “Basically, we have a bullet trying to hit a second bullet with a third bullet in the right place at the right time to watch. Id love to have a joystick(操纵杆 ) to control the impactor“. Planetary scientists have “no idea“ what sort of crater will result,

49、McFadden says. Predictions range from a deep but skinny shaft driven into a porous snow cone to a football stadium-sized excavation in a hard-packed ice ball. But astronomers should have their answer shortly after impact, which should settle some questions about the comets crust and interior. Analysis of the chemistry of that interior, based on the light spectra given off in the impacts af