[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷44及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 44及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Political controversy about the public-land policy of the United States began with the America Revolution. (1)_, even before indepen

2、dence from Britain was (2)_, it became clear that (3)_ the dilemmas surrounding the public domain might prove necessary to (4)_ the Union itself. At the peace negotiation with Britain, Americans obtained a western (5)_ at the Mississippi River. Thus the new nation secured for its birthright a vast i

3、nternal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources. But (6)_ their colonial charters, seven states claimed (7)_ of the western wilderness. Virginias claim was the largest, (8)_ north and west to encompass the later states. The language of the charters was (9)_ and their validity questionable,

4、 but during the war Virginia reinforced its title by sponsoring Colonel Georgia Rogers Clarks 1778 (10)_ to Vicennes and Kaskaskia, which (11)_ Americas trans Appalachian pretensions at the peace table. The six states holding no claim to the transmontane region (12)_ whether a confederacy in which t

5、erritory was so unevenly apportioned would truly prove what it claimed to be, a union of equals. Already New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Isaland, and Maryland were (13)_ the smallest and least populous of the states. (14)_ they levied heavy taxes to repay state war debts, their larger neighbors might re

6、tire debts out of land-sale proceeds. (15)_ by fresh lands and low taxes, people would desert the small states (16)_ the large, leaving the former to fall (17)_ bankruptcy and eventually into political subjugation. All the states shared in the war effort, how then could half of them “be left no sink

7、 under an (18)_ debt, whilst others are enabled, in a short period, to (19)_ all their expenditures from the hard earnings of the whole confederacy?“ As the Revolution was a common endeavor, (20)_ ought its fruits, including the western lands be a common property. （ A） Furthermore （ B） Likewise （ C）

8、 Indeed （ D） Therefore （ A） gained （ B） reaped （ C） earned （ D） won （ A） resolving （ B） disposing （ C） approving （ D） retaining （ A） ensure （ B） maintain （ C） preserve （ D） remain （ A） frontier （ B） boundary （ C） border （ D） outline （ A） by （ B） above （ C） under （ D） against （ A） portions （ B） patch

9、es （ C） fragments （ D） shares （ A） shifting （ B） ranging （ C） stretching （ D） covering （ A） obvious （ B） dismal （ C） gloomy （ D） vague （ A） opening （ B） expedition （ C） route （ D） endeavor （ A） protected （ B） strengthened （ C） lessened （ D） encircled （ A） imagined （ B） asserted （ C） admitted （ D） do

10、ubted （ A） about （ B） outside （ C） among （ D） with （ A） While （ B） Because （ C） Unless （ D） When （ A） Drawn （ B） Pushed （ C） Pulled （ D） Lured （ A） toward （ B） off （ C） from （ D） for （ A） beyond （ B） into （ C） over （ D） upon （ A） sufficient （ B） enormous （ C） indefinite （ D） excessive （ A） purchase

11、（ B） supplement （ C） replace （ D） exchange （ A） so （ B） even （ C） yet （ D） still Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 “It is an evil influence on the youth of our country“. A politician condemning video gaming

12、? Actually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks, as she blamed video games for “a silent epidemic of media desensitisation“ and “stealing the innocence of our children“. The gaming furor c

13、enters on “Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas“, a popular and notoriously violent cops and robbers game that turned out to contain hidden sex scenes that could be unlocked using a patch downloaded from the internet. The resulting outcry (mostly from Democratic politicians playing to the centre) caused th

14、e games rating in America to be changed from “mature“, which means you have to be 17 to buy it, to “adults only“, which means you have to be 18, but also means that big retailers such as Wal-Mart will not stock it. As a result the game has been banned in Australia; and, this autumn, Americas Federal

15、 Trade Commission will investigate the complaints. That will give gamings opponents an opportunity to vent their wrath on the industry. Skepticism of new media is a tradition with deep roots, going back at least as far as Socrates objections to written texts, outlined in Platos Phaedrus. Socrates wo

16、rried that relying on written texts, rather than the oral tradition, would “create forgetfulness in the learners souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves“. (He also objected that a written version of a speech w

17、as no substitute for the ability to interrogate the speaker, since, when questioned, the text “always gives one unvarying answer“. His objection, in short, was that books were not interactive. Perhaps Socrates would have thought more highly of video games.) Novels were once considered too low-brow f

18、or university literature courses, but eventually the disapproving professors retired. Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; all that twirling was thought to be “intoxicating“ and “depraved“, and the music was outlawed in some places. Today it is hard to imagine what the fuss wa

19、s about. And rock and roll was thought to encourage violence, promiscuity and Satanism; but today even grannies buy Coldplay albums. 21 We can learn from the text that human beings have a history of _. （ A） fascination for the academic establishment （ B） enthusiasm for juvenile psychology （ C） disbe

20、lief in the novel medium （ D） hatred of political corruption 22 The attitudes of Socrates and Hillary Clinton toward the novel medium are _. （ A） identical （ B） optimistic （ C） panicked （ D） confused 23 Video games would have been recommended by Socrates due to its _. （ A） text messages （ B） oral tr

21、adition （ C） unvarying answers （ D） two-way communication 24 To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? （ A） The emergence of video games is bound to breed evil. （ B） Theres no legal ruling that video games are bad for people, and they may be positively good. （ C） Unive

22、rsity literature courses are subject to the harassment of video games. （ D） Theres no sound proof that adults are prone to the moral decline when engaged in video games. 25 When mentioning novels, waltz music and rock and roll, the author is suggesting _. （ A） the mishaps of vogues （ B） the misfortu

23、ne of art masterpieces （ C） the prospect of video games （ D） the effects of various art forms 26 “You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do“, Montagu Norman, the Bank of Englands longest-serving governor (1920 1944), is reputed

24、to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, Americas central bank, may be ab

25、out to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Feds much-respected chairman, due to

26、retire next year after a mere 18 years in the job some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central banks credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encour

27、aging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains un

28、der control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a differe

29、nt form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase b

30、ig enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stockmarket bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with

31、 traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources encouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would de

32、mand. In other words, strict inflation targeting-the fad of the 1990s is too crude. 26 The word “minutes“ (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means _. （ A） record （ B） new-letter （ C） announcement （ D） motive 27 According to the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into accou

33、nt inflation targets _. （ A） until what to do is clarified （ B） until explicit inflation targets are declared （ C） until increases in asset prices are curbed （ D） until its efficiency is cast doubt on 28 We can learn from the third paragraph that _. （ A） increases in asset prices are interfered by t

34、he Federal Reserves （ B） more emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indices （ C） changes have taken place in the pattern of inflation （ D） inflation have been brought under federal control 29 It is implied in the fourth paragraph that Mr. Greenspan is skeptical of _. （ A） the stipulation of an

35、ti-monopoly rules and regulations （ B） the intervention by central banks in asset prices （ C） the prevention of economic recession （ D） the countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals 30 Which of the followings would be the best title for the text? （ A） American Monetary Conundrums Ar

36、e Readily Deciphered. （ B） American Central Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction. （ C） Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Employed in Transparent Environment. （ D） Americas Monetary Policy Is off Target. 31 It may be just as well for Oxford Universitys reputation that this weeks meeting of Congre

37、gation, its 3,552-strong governing body, was held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. Thats because the vice-chancellor, the nearest thing the place has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fun

38、damental reforms to the university since the establishment of the college system in 1249; and a lot of the dons and colleges dont like it. The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable. Its problems-the difficulty of recruiting good dons and of getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic s

39、tandards, severe money worries at some colleges-all spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most-hated antipodean in British academic life, reckons he knows how to solve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of do

40、ns and colleges and increase that of university administrators. Mr. Hood is right that the universitys management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the current row, they do not go far enough. The difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly fr

41、om the nuttiness of its system of governance; the more fundamental problem lies in its relationship with the government. Thats why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on the lunatic fringe of radicalism, but these days is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is in

42、dependence. Oxford gets around 5,000 ($9,500) per undergraduate per year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge students only 1,150 (rising to 3,000 next year) on top of that. Since it probably costs at least 10,000 a year to teach an undergraduate, that leaves Oxford with a d

43、eficit of 4,000 or so per student to cover from its own funds. If Oxford declared independence, it would lose the 52m undergraduate subsidy at least. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. Americas top universities charge around 20,000 per student per year. The difficult issue would not be money alone,

44、it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilliant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross-subsidising. Americas top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which keeps competition hot and academic standards high, while luring enough donations to pro

45、vide bursaries for the poor. It should be easier to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded. 31 According to the text, the authors attitude toward John Hood is one of _. （ A） enthusiastic support （ B） slight contempt （ C） strong disapproval （ D） reserved consent 32 It is impl

46、ied in the third paragraph that _. （ A） reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford （ B） an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently needed （ C） the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easily removed （ D） the current row is essential to many in po

47、lite circle 33 The term “bursaries“ (Line 7, Paragraph 5) most probably means _. （ A） preferential policies （ B） scholarship or grant （ C） free stationery and accommodation （ D） sheltering and meals 34 We can see from the available statistics that the _. （ A） the current financial status of Oxford r

48、esults from its being state-funded （ B） radical reforms concentrate on Oxford management structure （ C） Oxford independence might become a barrier to its recruiting good dons （ D） notorious reputation results in Oxford meeting of Congregation held this week 35 To which of the following statements wo

49、uld the author most probably agree? （ A） The contribution from alumni wont lure ample donation by the wealthy. （ B） The civilized rationality is gradually spoiled by fractious nature. （ C） The row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point. （ D） Americans top universities are somewhat apprehensive of their current status but over-confident of their prospect. 36 Elections often tell you mor