ASTM C62-2008 Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale).pdf

1、Designation: C 62 08Standard Specification forBuilding Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 62; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended fo

3、r both struc-tural and nonstructural masonry where external appearance isnot a requirement. The brick are prismatic units available in avariety of sizes, shapes, textures, and colors. The specificationdoes not cover brick intended for use as facing units or wheresurface appearance is a requirement,

4、(see Specification C 216).This specification does not cover brick intended for use aspaving brick (see Specification C 902).1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-a

5、nce or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similarnaturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heattreatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatmentmust

6、develop sufficient fired bond between the particulateconstituents to provide the strength and durability requirementsof this specification. (See firing, fired bond, and incipientfusion in Terminology C43.)1.4 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, press-ing, or extrusion, and the shaping me

7、thod is a way to describethe brick (see Terminology C43).1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in in

8、ch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC67 Test Methods for Sampl

9、ing and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C 902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickE 835/E 835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clayand Concrete Masonry Units3. Grades3.1 Grades classify bric

10、k according to their resistance todamage by freezing when wet, as defined in Note 1. Threegrades are covered and the grade requirements are shown inTable 1.3.1.1 Grade SW (Severe Weathering)Brick intended foruse where high and uniform resistance to damage caused bycyclic freezing is desired and wher

11、e the brick may be frozenwhen saturated with water.3.1.2 Grade MW (Moderate Weathering)Brick intendedfor use where moderate resistance to cyclic freezing damage ispermissible or where the brick may be damp but not saturatedwith water when freezing occurs.3.1.3 Grade NW (Negligible Weathering)Brick w

12、ith littleresistance to cyclic freezing damage but which are acceptablefor applications protected from water absorption and freezing.NOTE 1The word “saturated,” with respect to this standard, refers tothe condition of a brick that has absorbed water to an amount equal to thatresulting from submersio

13、n in room temperature water for 24 h.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapp

14、roved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 62 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM webs

15、ite.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Physical Properties4.1 AppearanceIf brick are required to have a particularcolor, texture, finish, uniformity, o

16、r limits on cracks, warpageor other imperfections detracting from the appearance they arepurchased under Specification C 216.4.2 DurabilityWhen Grade is not specified, the require-ments for Grade SW shall govern.4.2.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shallconform to the physical requirements

17、for the Grade specified asprescribed in Table 1. For the compressive strength require-ments in Table 1, test the unit with the compressive forceperpendicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in thestretcher position.4.2.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient re-quirement does

18、not apply, provided the 24-h cold waterabsorption of each unit of a random sample of five brick doesnot exceed 8.0 %.4.2.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor 5 h boiling water absorption and saturation coefficient donot apply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting the strengthreq

19、uirements of Table 1, passes the freezing and thawing test asdescribed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawingtest procedures of Test Methods C67.4.2.3.1 Grade SW: Breakage and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss greater than 0.5 %

20、of its original dryweight.NOTE 2The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used as analternative only when the brick do not conform to either Table 1requirements for maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, orto the requirements of the Absorption Alternate in 4.2.2.4.2.3.2 Grade SW: Crack

21、ing RequirementNo individualunit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the units leastdimension.4.2.4 Low Weathering Index AlternativeIf the brick areintended for use exposed to weather where the weatheringindex is less than 50 (see Fig. 1), and unless otherwisespecified, the requirements given

22、in Table 1 for 5 h boilingwater absorption and for saturation coefficient shall not applybut the minimum average compressive strength requirement of2500 psi (17.2 MPa) shall apply.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsDesignationMinimum Compressive Strengthgross area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorptionby 5-h

23、Boiling, %Maximum SaturationCoefficientAAverage of5 BrickIndividualAverage of5 BrickIndividualAverage of5 BrickIndividualGrade SW 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80Grade MW 2500 (17.2) 2200 (15.2) 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90Grade NW 1500 (10.3) 1250 (8.6) no limit no limit no limit no limitAThe sat

24、uration coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.FIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesC62082NOTE 3Weathering Index: The effect of weathering on brick is relatedto the weathering index, which for any locality is the

25、 product of theaverage annual number of freezing cycle days and the average annualwinter rainfall in inches defined as follows:3A Freezing Cycle Day is any day during which the air temperaturepasses either above or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezingcycle days in a year may be taken to eq

26、ual the difference between themean number of days during which the minimum temperature was 32For below and the mean number of days during which the maximumtemperature was 32F or below.Winter Rainfall is the sum, in inches, of the mean monthly correctedprecipitation (rainfall) occurring during the pe

27、riod between and includingthe normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normal date ofthe last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any period isequal to the total precipitation less one tenth of the total fall of snow, sleet,and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a mon

28、th is prorated.Fig. 1 indicates general areas in the United States which correspond tothe weathering index categories found in Table 1. The index for geo-graphic locations near the 50 line should be determined by an analysis ofweather bureau local climatological summaries, with due regard to theeffe

29、ct of microclimate conditions, especially altitude.The use of Grade MW brick in a wall area above grade is structurallyadequate in the severe weathering region, but Grade SW would provide ahigher and more uniform degree of resistance to frost action. The degreeof durability called for by Grade SW is

30、 not necessary for use in wall areasabove grade in the moderate weathering region. Grade MW brickperforms satisfactorily in wall areas above grade in the no-weatheringregion, where the average compressive strength of the units is at least2500 psi (17.2 MPa). Grade SW brick should be used in any regi

31、on whenthe units are in contact with the ground, in horizontal surfaces, or in anyposition where they are likely to be permeated with water.The recommended correlation between grade of building brick, weath-ering index, and exposure is found in Table 2. The specifier can use theserecommendations or

32、use the grade descriptions and physical requirementsalong with use exposure and local climatological conditions to selectgrade.4.3 StrengthWhen brick are required having strengthsgreater than prescribed by this specification, the purchaser shallspecify minimum strength.4.4 Initial Rate of Absorption

33、 (IRA)Test results for initialrate of absorption (IRA) shall be determined in accordancewith the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) of Test Methods C67and shall be furnished at the request of the specifier orpurchaser. IRA is not a qualifying condition or property ofunits in this specification. This pr

34、operty is measured in order toassist in mortar selection and material handling in the construc-tion process. See Note 4.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)Both laboratory andfield investigation have shown that strong and watertight joints betweenmortar and masonry units are not achieved by or

35、dinary constructionmethods when the units as laid have excessive initial rates of absorption.Mortar that has stiffened somewhat because of loss of excessive mixingwater to a unit may not make complete and intimate contact with thesecond unit, resulting in poor adhesion, incomplete bond, and water-pe

36、rmeable joints of low strength. The IRAof the units is determined by theoven-dried procedure described in the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) ofTest Methods C67. IRAin the field depends on the moisture content of themasonry unit and is determined in accordance with the IRA (Suction)Field Test of Tes

37、t Methods C67. Units having average field IRAexceeding 30 g/min per 30 in.2(30 g/min 194 cm2) should have their IRAreduced below 30 g/min per 30 in.2prior to laying. They may be wettedimmediately before they are laid, but it is preferable to wet themthoroughly 3 to 24 h prior to their use so as to a

38、llow time for moisture tobecome distributed throughout the unit.5. Size and Coring5.1 SizeThe size of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. The maximum permissible variation in dimensionsof individual units shall not exceed those given in Table 3.NOTE 5For a list of modular sizes see Guide E

39、835/E 835M. Sizeslisted in this standard are not produced in all parts of the United States.Brick names denoting sizes may be regional and, therefore, may not beincluded in all reference books. Purchasers should ascertain the size ofbrick available in their locality and should specify accordingly, s

40、tating thedesired dimensions (width by height by length).5.2 CoringUnless otherwise specified in the invitation forbids, brick shall be either solid or cored at the option of theseller. The net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any planeparallel to the surface containing the cores shall be at l

41、east75 % of the gross cross-sectional area measured in the sameplane. No part of any hole shall be less than34 in. (19.1 mm)from any edge of the brick.5.3 FroggingUnless otherwise specified in the invitationfor bids, one bearing face of each brick may have a recess orpanel frog and deep frogs. The r

42、ecess or panel frog shall notexceed38 in. (9.5 mm) in depth and no part of the recess orpanel frog shall be less than34 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge ofthe brick. In brick containing deep frogs, frogs deeper than38in. (9.5 mm), any cross-section through the deep frogs parallelto the surface containing

43、 the deep frogs shall conform to therequirements of 4.2.6. Sampling and Testing6.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.3Data needed to determine the weathering index for any locality may be foundor estimated from the tables of Local Climato

44、logical Data, published by the WeatherBureau, U. S. Department of Commerce.TABLE 2 Grade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering IndexLessthan 5050 to500500 andgreaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth MW or SW SW SWNot in contact with earth MW or SW SW SWIn other than vertical

45、surfaces:In contact with earth SW SW SWNot in contact with earth MW or SW SW SWTABLE 3 Permissible Variations in DimensionsSpecified dimension, in. (mm)Maximum PermissibleVariations from Spec-ified Dimension,plus or minus,in. (mm)Up to 3 (76), incl332 (2.4)Over 3 to 4 (76 to 102), incl18 (3.2)Over 4

46、 to 6 (102 to 152), incl316 (4.8)Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl14 (6.4)Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305), incl516 (7.9)Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406), incl38 (9.5)C620836.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection shall be designatedwhen the purchase orde

47、r is placed.NOTE 6Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the test show that thebrick do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that

48、the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.7. Visual Inspection7.1 The brick, as delivered to the site, shall, by visualinspection, conform to the requirements specified by thepurchaser or to the sample or samples approved as the standa

49、rdof comparison and to the samples passing the tests for physicalrequirements. Minor indentations or surface cracks incidentalto the usual method of manufacture, or the chipping resultingfrom the customary methods of handling in shipment anddelivery, shall not be deemed grounds for rejection.7.2 The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, andsurface treatments, including coatings, that would interferewith the proper setting of the brick or significantly impair thestrength or performance of the construction.7.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon