1、Designation: C 627 93 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forEvaluating Ceramic Floor Tile Installation Systems Usingthe Robinson-Type Floor Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 627; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of ceramic floortile installation system
3、s, using the Robinson2-type floor tester.1.2 This test method is intended solely for evaluatingcomplete ceramic floor tile installation systems for failureunder loads and not for evaluating particular characteristics ofceramic tile, such as abrasion resistance. This test method doesnot claim to prov
4、ide meaningful results for other than evalu-ating complete ceramic floor tile installation systems.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric (SI) units in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
5、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 144 Specification for Aggregate f
6、or Masonry MortarC 150 Specification for Portland Cement2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Robinson-type Floor Tester2Deflection Gage43. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of preparing installation slabsthat duplicate the type of installation under consideration,subjecting them to one or more tests
7、on the Robinson floortester, and evaluating the results in a prescribed manner.Description of the installation method must specifically includeall variables, for example, the type of materials and mixtureproportions of substratum, setting material, and tile grout; typeof tile, installation technique
8、, and cure.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a standardized procedure forevaluating performance of ceramic floor tile installations underconditions similar to actual specific usages. It can be used tomake comparisons between customary basic installation meth-ods, to establish the
9、influence of minor changes in a particularinstallation method, and to judge the merit of proposed novelmethods.5. Apparatus5.1 Foundation for TesterThe foundation for the testershall consist of a nominally 4-ft (1220-mm) square and 1-ft(300-mm) thick cement slab with two 15- by 15-in. (380- by380-mm
10、) bearing plates with four 1212-in. (318-mm) high tierods cast into the center of the foundation and with an 8-in.(203-mm) square and 1-ft (300-mm) deep opening in the exactcenter. The top surface of this slab shall be smooth, level, andflat with the maximum deviation from a true plane not toexceed1
11、32 in. (0.8 mm).An extension at the bottom of one sideof the foundation shall be approximately 4 in. (102 mm) thickand 14 in (356 mm) wide to hold the motor, speed reducer, anddrive. A 4-in. high and 8-in. wide tunnel, running from the topof the cement extension and level with it to the center of th
12、e1-ft thick foundation slab permits the transmittal of the drive tothe carriage of the tester. Four34-in. (19-mm) holes, 212 in.(63.5 mm) deep to hold12-in. (12.7-mm) threaded lead shields(Star Tamp-Ins) shall be cast into the foundation, one at eachcorner and located 5 in. (127 mm) in from each sid
13、e. Four more34-in. (19-mm) holes, 212 in. deep to hold12-in. threaded leadshield shall be cast into the foundation extension to hold thedrive base.5.2 TesterThe tester itself shall be a 150 6 5-lbs (68.1 62.3-kg) carriage, consisting of a piece of12-in. thick, hot-rolledsteel plate in the shape of a
14、n equilateral triangle with 6-in.(152-mm) radius rounded corners and having a 338-in. (85.7-mm) diameter hole in the exact center. Three swivel caster1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
15、itteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originallypublished as C 627 70. Last previous edition C 627 93(1999)e1.2Developed at the Research Center of the Tile Council of America, Inc. Detailedworking drawings of the apparatus are available at a no
16、minal cost from ASTMHeadquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC062701.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
17、e.4Detailed working drawings for construction of the deflection gage are availableat nominal cost from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC062702.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.wheels shall be equally spaced in
18、a circle with 15-in. (381-mm)radius from the center and fastened to the underside of thecarriage at the intersection of the bisector of each angle and the15-in. (381-mm) radius circle. Over each wheel a 16-in.(406-mm) high, 1-in. (25.4-mm) diameter, fully threaded steelrod shall be vertically thread
19、ed into the carriage to permit theaddition of up to 250 lbs (113.5 kg) of auxiliary weights to eachwheel. The auxiliary weights with 112-in. (38-mm) diametercenter openings shall weigh either 25 or 50 lbs (11.5 or 23 kg)each and when stacked on the threaded rod, their totalthickness shall not exceed
20、 15 in. in height. They shall be helddown firmly by a washer and nut on the threaded rods. If theweight of the carriage with wheels and threaded steel rods, butwithout auxiliary weights, does not reach the required weightof 150 6 5 lbs (68.1 6 2.3 kg), one third of the necessaryadditional weight sha
21、ll be permanently added near each steelrod by welding it in place. Conversely, if the total weight of thecarriage exceeds the required weight of 150 6 5 lbs (68.1 62.3 kg), a sufficient number of 1-in. diameter holes may bedrilled into the steel plate, equally distributed along the threesides of the
22、 triangle, to reduce the weight. A cutaway diagramof the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.25.3 DriveThe tester shall be driven by a34-hp motor andspeed reducer. Drive transmittal shall be arranged in such amanner that the plane of travel and the elevation of the carriageare free to accommodate various t
23、ypes of test slabs. Thecarriage shall rotate at the rate of 15 6 0.5 rpm.5.4 WheelsThe wheels shall be swivel casters with re-movable axles, equipped with grease fittings. They shall be 4in. in diameter and have a 112-in. bearing surface. Threedifferent sets of three wheels each are required, namely
24、 one setwith a soft rubber bearing surface of 70 6 3 ShoreAdurometerhardness, one set with hard rubber bearings surface of 80 6 3Shore D durometer hardness, and one set with steel bearingsurface. All casters shall be of ball bearing construction.5.5 WeightsThirty 25-lbs (11.5-kg) or fifteen 50-lbs (
25、23-kg) disk-shaped, 11-in. (280-mm) diameter bar bell weightswith 114-in. (32-mm) diameter center openings to fit the 1-in.diameter rods over each wheel are required. Accuracy of theweights shall be 61%.5.6 Deflection GageA jig, equipped with a dial indicatorreading in 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) for inser
26、tion between theupper and lower sheet of a plywood base to measure thedeflection of the base under the path of the wheels. Anassembly drawing is shown in Fig. 2.45.7 Revolution CounterA revolution counter, capable ofrecording up to 1000 revolutions, mounted on the carriage andtripped once each turn
27、by a “finger” mounted on the founda-tion.5.8 TimerAn automatic timing device which can be presetto stop the tester and activate a bell alarm after a given time.6. Test Panel Assemblies6.1 The base upon which the tile are installed, the bondingmedium, the type of tile mountings, the type of grout, an
28、d thetype of tile used may be varied with the requirements of thetest.6.1.1 Mortar Base for Portland Cement InstallationsArecommended mortar base panel for portland cement installa-tions may be cast without reinforcements into a 2-in. (51-mm)thick regular octagon, measuring 4 ft (1220 mm) from side
29、toside, from a mortar mix consisting of six parts by weight of drysand, clean and graded (see Specification C 144) and one partby weight of portland cement (Type I of Specification C 150),1. Internal Gear 8. Bearing 15. Bearing Plates (2)2. Clamp 9. Sprocket 16. Swivel Caster Wheels (3)3. Spur Gear
30、10. Drive Chain 17. Threaded Rods (3)4. Shaft 11. Sprocket 18. Carriage5. Universal 12. Reducer 19. Plaster Bedding6. Threaded Coupling 13. Foundation 20. Concrete Base Panel7. Drive Shaft 14. Tunnel for Drive 21. Bond Coat22. Ceramic TileFIG. 1 Floor Tile Installations Systems Tester (Not to Scale)
31、C 627 93 (2007)2with enough potable water to make a relatively dry mortarwhich, when stroked with a trowel, gives a smooth, slickappearance. One half-inch (12.7-mm) diameter, 11-in. (280-mm) long sections of pipe, centered and projecting about 5 in.(127 mm), may be horizontally cast into alternate s
32、ides of theoctagon to serve as lifting handles for the panel. A 6-in.(152-mm) square opening in the center of the octagon admitsthe drive shaft of the tester. For conventional-type installationmethods, the tile shall be set before the mortar hardens. Afterproper curing, such a panel is set in place
33、on the foundation ofthe testing machine with a weak plaster. A polyethylene sheetshall be laid between the foundation of the tester and theplaster, so that the mortar-base test panel can be easily removedafter completion of the test. A plaster mix of ten parts byweight of dry sand, clean and graded
34、(Specification C 144) andone part by weight of gypsum plaster with enough potablewater to make a fairly thick slurry has been found satisfactory.Construction details for such a panel are shown in Fig. 3.6.1.2 Concrete Base for Thin-Bed InstallationsThe sizeand construction of such a concrete base sh
35、all be the same asthat described under 6.1, except that the concrete mix shallconsist of three parts of gravel not over34 in. (19 mm) in size,two and one-half parts of dry sand, clean and graded (Speci-fication C 144), one part of portland cement (Type I ofSpecification C 150) and one part of potabl
36、e water, all parts byweight. The concrete base panel shall be cured for at leastseven days before the installation of tile. The concrete base isset in place on the foundation of the tester with plaster asdescribed in 6.1.1.6.1.3 Plywood Base for Installations The plywood baseshall be 4 ft (1220 mm)
37、square and of sandwich construction.For maximum stiffness, the plywood face grain directionshould be installed so as to run perpendicular to the floor joistor supports. The top shall be58-in. (16-mm) plywood (or asotherwise specified) and the bottom shall be14-in. (6.4-mm)plywood. In between the top
38、 and bottom of the panel on 16-in.(406-mm) centers, shall be four 158-in. (41.4-mm) square and4-ft (1220-mm) long sections of wood to duplicate the supportrendered by joists in an actual installation. There shall be a6-in. (152-mm) square opening in the center of the panel topermit entry to the test
39、ing machine drive shaft. Such a panelshall be set in place on the foundation of the testing machinewith plaster as described in 5.1, but a polyethylene sheet shallalso be used between the plywood base and the plaster to keepmoisture out of the wood. The panel shall be held in place onthe foundation
40、of the testing machine with four bolts, one ateach corner. The bolts fit into the “Star Tamp-Ins” cast into thefoundation and secure the lower14-in. (6.4-mm) plywood sheetof the sandwich construction to the foundation. Two-inch(50.8-mm) diameter holes may be drilled into the top of theplywood sandwi
41、ch, directly above the four bolts, to permitaccess to them. For details of construction of such a panel seeFig. 4.6.1.4 Composition Base for Installations The construc-tion of the composition base panel shall be identical to that ofthe plywood base, except that the top of the panel consists ofcompos
42、ition board or other sheeting material as specified. Thesame method shall be used to set the composition base on thefoundation of the machine and to fasten it to the foundation asoutlined in 6.1.3.7. Testing Procedure7.1 Prepare a test panel assembly using the required base inaccordance with the ins
43、tructions given in 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3,or6.1.4 and install upon such a panel the type of floor tile by theFIG. 2 Deflection Gage (Not to Scale)Dimension TableKey in. mmB12 12.7F 2 50.8H 5 127.0K 6 152.4N 23 584O 48 1219R 52 1321FIG. 3 Concrete Base Panel (Not to Scale)C 627 93 (2007)3method that is
44、to be evaluated.After proper curing of the panel,mount the test panel on the foundation of the testing machinein accordance with the instructions given for the type of panelused. Install soft rubber wheels on the machine and place thenecessary weights over each wheel to obtain the weight perwheel sp
45、ecified for each cycle as given in Table 1. Be sure totake into consideration that the weight of the 150-lbs (68.1-kg)carriage is distributed so that each wheel is automaticallyloaded with 50 lbs (23 kg). Therefore, subtract 50 lbs from theweight specified in the column “Total Weight per Wheel.”Insp
46、ect the wheels for deterioration after each cycle andreplace as necessary, discarding any rubber wheels which showevidence of fatigue (radial cracks). Change the type of wheelswhenever indicated by the next test cycle. Set the timer for theperiod called for in the particular cycle, set the revolutio
47、ncounter to zero, and start the tester. Depending upon the type ofinstallation for which the test panel is evaluated, either all oronly a certain number of the test cycles may be performed.8. Recording Damage8.1 The record of damage to the installation shall includeonly the damage to tile contacted
48、by the wheels and the damageto grout joints contacted by the wheels. There are four groutjoints surrounding each tile. Fig. 5 shows how tile and groutjoints are to be counted for evaluation of the test. Cumulativetile and grout damage shall be recorded as seen at the end ofeach cycle, without regard
49、 at what stage the damage may haveoccurred. Inspection of the wheel path may be done with theaid of a hand held light source. The following types of damageshall be counted and recorded as number of tile or jointsshowing damage, including a record if none are damaged inthat particular category.8.1.1 Chipped TileA tile damaged only on the surface oredge with no cracks passing further than one tile thicknessfrom the edge of the tile.8.1.2 Broken TileA tile separated into two or more piecesby a crack or cracks passing through the center area of the t
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