1、Designation:C655M11 Designation: C655M 12Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, andSewer Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C655M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This speci
3、fication covers reinforced concrete pipe designed for specific D-loads and intended to be used for the conveyanceof sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C655.NOTE 1Experience has shown that t
4、he successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type ofbedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the constructionsite. This specification does not in
5、clude requirements for bedding, backfill, the relationship between field load conditions and the strength designation ofpipe, or durability under unusual environmental conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82MSp
6、ecification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete ReinforcementA185/A185MSpecification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for ConcreteA496/A496MSpecification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete ReinforcementA497/A497MSpecification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete
7、A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC497M Test Methods for C
8、oncrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile MetricC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concr
9、ete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall
10、be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has beenaccepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in accordance with Section 9, the owner may select and have appliedthe basis of acceptance described in either 4.1.1 or 4.1.2. Unless designated by the owner at the
11、time of, or before placing an order,either basis of acceptance shall be permitted.4.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects Determinein accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 10.NOTE 2It is necessary that samples be selected at rando
12、m. For guidance see Practice E105.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on Reinforced Sewerand Culvert Pipe.Current edition approved Feb.May 1, 2011.2012. Published February 2011.June 2012. Origina
13、lly approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 asC655M09.C655M 11. DOI: 10.1520/C0655M-112.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
14、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accur
15、ately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
16、es.4.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Concrete Compression and Materials Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe forDefectsDetermine in accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.4.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements.5. Design and Man
17、ufacturing Data5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:5.1.1 Basis of acceptance.5.1.2 Pipe design strength.5.1.3 Physical CharacteristicsDiameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details.5.1.4 Design concrete strength; mini
18、mum f 8cequals 27.6 MPa.5.1.5 Admixtures.5.1.6 Reinforcement:5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable reinforcement specification, and grade.5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerances, diameter, spacing and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and specialreinforcement.5.1.7 Manufactu
19、ring and curing process.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.1.2 Cementitious Mate
20、rials:6.1.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan
21、cement shall be fly ash.6.1.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.1.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitio
22、us MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast furnace slag cement only,(3) Slag modified portland cement only,(4) Portland pozzolan cement only,(5) A combination of portland cement and fly ash,(6) A
23、 combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,(7) A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitious weight), or(8) A combination of portland p
24、ozzolan cement and fly ash, provided the fly ash added does not exceed 25 % by weight of theportland pozzolan cement.6.1.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradationshall not apply.6.1.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and b
25、lends shall be allowed to be used unless prohibited by the owner.6.1.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to Specification A82/A82M or SpecificationA496/A496M, or of wire fabric conforming to Specification A185/A185M or Specification A497/A497MReinforcement shallconsis
26、t of wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M, or of bars of Grade 300 steel conforming to SpecificationsA615/A615M.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will produce a homogeneous
27、concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and designrequirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.1 and shall be added to the mix in a propo
28、rtion not less than 280 kg/m3unlessmix designs with a lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet therequirements of this specification.6.2.2 Reinforcement:6.2.2.1 PlacementReinforcement shall be placed as indicated in 5.1.6.2, subject to the tol
29、erances given in 8.2.2. Minimumdesign protective cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the barrel of the pipe shall be 25 mm for wallthicknesses of 63 mm or greater, and 19 mm for wall thicknesses less than 63 mm, subject to the tolerances given in 8.2.2.6.2.2.2 SplicesThe stre
30、ngth of the pipe shall not be adversely affected by the splice.C655M 1226.2.2.3 SpacingThe spacing center-to-center of adjacent rings of circumferential reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 100mm for pipe with a wall thickness up to and including 100 mm and shall not exceed the wall thickness or
31、 150 mm, whichever issmaller, for larger pipe.6.2.3 JointsThe joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections arelaid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities in the flow lin
32、e, allcompatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8.6.2.4 Lift HolesWhen agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the purposeof handling.6.3 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers shall be allowed to be us
33、ed, at the manufacturers option,in concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specificallyfor use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Physical Requirements7.1 StrengthThe des
34、ign strength designation of the pipe shall be the D-load to produce the 0.3-mm crack when tested inaccordance with Test Methods C497M. The relationship of ultimate strength D-load to the design strength D-load shall bedetermined using a factor of 1.5 for design strength designations up to 100 N/mmm
35、of diameter, a factor varying in linearproportion from 1.5 to 1.25 for design strength designations from 100 N/mmm through 150 N/mmm, and a factor of 1.25 fordesign strength designations in excess of 150 N/mmm.NOTE 3As used in this specification, the 0.3-mm crack is a test criterion for pipe tested
36、in three-edge bearing test and is not intended as an indicationof overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.NOTE 4Ultimate strength of concrete pipe in the buried condition is dependent on varying soil bedding factors and varying failure modes and shallnot necessarily have a relationshi
37、p to the ultimate strength as defined under three-edge bearing conditions.7.2 Test Equipment and FacilitiesThe manufacturer shall furnish without charge all samples, facilities, and personnelnecessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.7.3 Pipe Load TestsThe tests for crushing str
38、ength, when required, shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M.When alternative methods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alternative requirements.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Standard DiametersPipe shall be manufactured in the standa
39、rd inside diameters listed in Table 1.NOTE 5Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 and diameters larger than 3600 mm are possibly available. When such sizes are required, theowner should contact the manufacturers in the area.8.2 Design TolerancesExcept as specified in this section, all permissi
40、ble design tolerances shall be given in Section 5.8.2.1 Diameter TolerancesPermissible variations in the internal diameter are as prescribed in Table 2.8.2.2 Reinforcement Placement TolerancesThe maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcement shall be610 % of the wall thickness or 16
41、 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of the reinforcement exceedingthose specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a representative sample aremet. In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcem
42、ent be less than 16 mm.8.2.3 Length of Two Opposite SidesVariations in the laying length of two opposite sides of pipe shall not be more than 6 mmfor all sizes through 600 mm internal diameter, and not more than 10 mm/m of internal diameter for all larger sizes, with amaximum of 16 mm in any pipe th
43、rough 2100 mm internal diameter, and a maximum of 19 mm for 2250 mm internal diameteror larger, except where beveled-end pipe for laying on curves is specified by the owner.8.2.4 Length of PipeThe underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not be more than 10 mm/m with a maximum of 13 mmin any le
44、ngth of pipe.8.2.5 Wall Thickness TolerancesThe wall thickness shall be not less than the nominal specified in the design given in 5.1.3.1by more than 5 % or 5 mm, whichever is greater.Awall thickness more than that required in the design is not a cause for rejection,except that such pipe shall not
45、be used for the tests required in 7.3.9. Acceptance of Design9.1 Acceptance by Tests of SpecimensThree to five representative specimens, or special test pipe that are shorter than standardproduction pipe, as agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer, shall be tested to the 0.3-mm crack and to ultima
46、te strength andthe results recorded. Compute the values in 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 for both the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate strength.TABLE 1 Standard Designated Inside Diameter, mm300 600 900 1500 2100 2700 3300375 675 1050 1650 2250 2850 3450450 750 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600525 825 1350 1950 2550 3150C655
47、M 1239.1.1 Compute the estimated standard deviation, s, by Eq 1 or Eq 2, which equations yield identical values.s 5 =(Xi2 X!2#/n 2 1! (1)C0655M-12_1C0655M-12_2where:Xi= observed value of the load to produce the 0.3-mm crack (and the load to develop the ultimate strength),X= average (arithmetic mean)
48、 of the values of Xi, andn = number of observed values.9.1.2 Compute the minimum allowable arithmetic mean, Xs, by Eq 3. In Eq 3, the value of the estimated standard deviation,s, shall be as calculated by Eq 1 or Eq 2 or equal to 0.07L, whichever is greater.C0655M-12_3where:L = specification limit (
49、specified D-load).9.1.3 The pipe design shall be acceptable if the arithmetic mean Xfor the 0.03-mm crack and ultimate strength is equal to orgreater than the computed values of Xs, and if all the tested specimens meet or exceed the specification limit, or if all test specimensmeet or exceed the design strength.9.2 Alternative Acceptance MethodThe manufacturer shall be allowed to request approval of designs based on empiricalevaluations of the strength of the pipe including, but not limited to, designs based on interpolation b
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