1、Designation: C655M 14C655M 15Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, andSewer Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C655M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specificatio
3、n covers reinforced concrete pipe designed for specific D-loads and intended to be used for the conveyanceof sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart ofSI companion to Specification C655. ; therefore, no inch-pou
4、nd equivalentsare presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C655 are acceptable under thisSpecification C655M unless prohibited by the Owner.NOTE 1Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selectio
5、n of the pipe strength, the type ofbedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the constructionsite. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, the relationship between field l
6、oad conditions and the strength designation ofpipe, or durability under unusual environmental conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA615/A615M Specification for Defor
7、med and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33C33/C33M Specification for Concr
8、ete AggregatesC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods
9、 for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Specification for
10、Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants(Metric)C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116C1116/C1116M Specification for F
11、iber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber GasketsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials1 This specification is und
12、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on Reinforced Sewerand Culvert Pipe.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2015. Published March 2014October 2015. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2
13、0122014 asC655M 12b.C655M 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0655M-14.10.1520/C0655M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the AST
14、M website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult
15、 prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor defin
16、itions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has beenaccepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in accordance with Section 9, th
17、e owner may select and have appliedthe basis of acceptance described in either 4.1.1 or 4.1.2. Unless designated by the owner at the time of, or before placing an order,either basis of acceptance shall be permitted.4.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Material Tests and Inspection of Manuf
18、actured Pipe for DefectsDeterminein accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 10.NOTE 2It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For guidance see Practice E105.4.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Concrete Compression and Materials Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe forDefectsDetermine in a
19、ccordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.4.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements.5. Design and Manufacturing Data5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:5.1.1 Basis of
20、acceptance.5.1.2 Pipe design strength.5.1.3 Physical CharacteristicsDiameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details.5.1.4 Design concrete strength; minimum f c equals 27.6 MPa.5.1.5 Admixtures.5.1.6 Reinforcement:5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable reinforcement specification, and g
21、rade.5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerances, diameter, spacing and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and specialreinforcement.5.1.7 Manufacturing and curing process.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cemen
22、titious materials, mineral aggregates, water, andadmixtures, if any, used, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:6.1.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C1
23、50C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to therequirements of Specification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cementshall be fly ash.6.1.2.2 Fly AshFly ash
24、 shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.1.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slag Cement shall conform to therequirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsT
25、he combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast furnace blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Portland pozzolan Portland-pozzolan cement only,(4) A combination of portland cement and fly ash,Portland-limestone cement
26、 only,(5) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,(6) A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and fly ash, orcement or portland-limestonecement and slag cement,(7) A combination of portland cem
27、ent or portland-limestone cement, slag cement and fly ash, or(8) A combination of portland pozzolan portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.1.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirementfor gradation shall not apply.6.1.4 Admixture
28、s and BlendsAdmixturesAdmixtures and blends shall be allowed to be used unless prohibited by theowner.The following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.1.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.1.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;C655M 1526
29、.1.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.1.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.1.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall conform to the requirements of consist of wire and welded wire conforming toSpecificatio
30、n A1064/A1064M, or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M, Specification A615/A615M Grade 40280 or60,420, or Specification A706/A706M. , Grade 420. For helically wound cages only, weld shear tests are not required.6.1.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used
31、, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepte
32、d.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials,water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test anddesign requirements of this sp
33、ecification.All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.1 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3 unlessmix designs with a lower cementitious material content demonstrate tha
34、t the quality and performance of the pipe meet therequirements of this specification.6.2.1.1 Mixing WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets therequirements of Specification C1602/C1602M.6.2.2 Reinforcement:6.2.2.1 PlacementReinforcement shall be
35、placed as indicated in 5.1.6.2, subject to the tolerances given in 8.2.2. Minimumdesign protective cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the barrel of the pipe shall be 25 mm for wallthicknesses of 63 mm or greater, and 19 mm for wall thicknesses less than 63 mm, subject to the
36、 tolerances given in 8.2.2.6.2.2.2 SplicesThe strength of the pipe shall not be adversely affected by the splice.6.2.2.3 SpacingThe spacing center-to-center of adjacent rings of circumferential reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 100mm for pipe with a wall thickness up to and including 100 mm a
37、nd shall not exceed the wall thickness or 150 mm, whichever issmaller, for larger pipe.6.2.3 JointsThe joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections arelaid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free of a
38、ppreciable irregularities in the flow line, allcompatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8. Joints shall conform to the requirements of Specifications C443M,C990M, and C1628, or other established joint types approved by the owner, including, but not limited to, mortar, sealant orex
39、ternally-wrapped joints.6.2.4 Lift HolesWhen agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the purposeof handling.6.3 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option,in concrete
40、pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specificallyfor use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Physical Requirements7.1 StrengthThe design strength designation of the pipe shall b
41、e the D-load to produce the 0.3-mm crack when tested inaccordance with Test Methods C497M. The relationship of ultimate strength D-load to the design strength D-load shall bedetermined using a factor of 1.5 for design strength designations up to 100 N/mmm of diameter, a factor varying in linearpropo
42、rtion from 1.5 to 1.25 for design strength designations from 100 N/mmm through 150 N/mmm, and a factor of 1.25 fordesign strength designations in excess of 150 N/mmm.NOTE 3As used in this specification, the 0.3-mm crack is a test criterion for pipe tested in three-edge bearing test and is not intend
43、ed as an indicationof overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.NOTE 4Ultimate strength of concrete pipe in the buried condition is dependent on varying soil bedding factors and varying failure modes and shallnot necessarily have a relationship to the ultimate strength as defined under
44、three-edge bearing conditions.7.2 Test Equipment and FacilitiesThe manufacturer shall furnish without charge all samples, facilities, and personnelnecessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.7.3 Pipe Load TestsThe tests for crushing strength, when required, shall be made in accor
45、dance with Test Methods C497M.When alternative methods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alternative requirements.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Standard DiametersPipe shall be manufactured in the standard inside diameters listed in Table 1.NOTE 5
46、Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 and diameters larger than 3600 mm are possibly available. When such sizes are required, theowner should contact the manufacturers in the area.8.2 Design TolerancesExcept as specified in this section, all permissible design tolerances shall be given in Sect
47、ion 5.C655M 1538.2.1 Diameter TolerancesPermissible variations in the internal diameter are as prescribed in Table 2.8.2.2 Reinforcement Placement TolerancesThe maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcement shall be610 % of the wall thickness or 16 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe hav
48、ing variations in the position of the reinforcement exceedingthose specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a representative sample aremet. In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 16 mm.8.2.3 Length
49、 of Two Opposite SidesVariations in the laying length of two opposite sides of pipe shall not be more than 6 mmfor all sizes through 600 mm internal diameter, and not more than 10 mm/m of internal diameter for all larger sizes, with amaximum of 16 mm in any pipe through 2100 mm internal diameter, and a maximum of 19 mm for 2250 mm internal diameteror larger, except where beveled-end pipe for laying on curves is specified by the owner.8.2.4 Length of PipeThe underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not be more than 10 mm/m with
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