1、Designation: C67/C67M 18 American Association State Highway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: T 32-70Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C67/C67M; the number immediately following the designati
2、on indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agen
3、cies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the samplingand testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although notnecessarily applicable to all types of units, tests includemodulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, satura-tion coefficient,
4、 effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence,initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size,warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods oftest pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemi-cal resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.1.2 The text of t
5、his standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test method should beevaluated in accordance with Practi
6、ce C1093.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conform
7、ancewith the standard.1.4 These test methods include the following sections:Section Heading SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Sampling 4Specimen Preparation 5Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test) 6Compressive Strength 7Absorption 8Freezing and Thawing 9Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)
8、 (LaboratoryTest)10Efflorescence 11Weight Per Unit Area 12Section Heading SectionMeasurement of Size 13Measurement of Warpage 14Measurement of Length Change 15Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test) 16Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units 17Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units
9、18Measurement of Out of Square 19Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness 20Breaking Load 21Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes) 22Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 23Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 24Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 25Precision and Bias 26Keywords 27Safety P
10、recautions for Autoclave Equipment andOperationAppendix X11.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-min
11、e the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations
12、issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1232 Terminology for MasonryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testin
13、g MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufac-tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 onBrick an
14、d Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C67 17. DOI:10.1520/C0067_C0067M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
15、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
16、 StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers t
17、o Trade (TBT) Committee.1E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to sampling andtesting brick, refer to Terminology E6 and Terminology C1232.4. Sampling4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test
18、SpecimensFor thepurpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonryunits shall be selected by the purchaser or by the purchasersauthorized representative. Specimens shall be representative ofthe lot of units from which they are selected and shall includespecimens representative of the co
19、mplete range of colors,textures, and sizes. Specimens shall be free of or brushed toremove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassoci-ated with the manufacturing process. Brushes used to removeforeign material shall have bristles of plastic (polymer) orhorsehair. Wire brushes shall not b
20、e used for preparing speci-mens for testing. Specimens exhibiting foreign material that isnot removed by brushing shall be discarded to ensure thatdamaged or contaminated specimens are not tested.4.2 Number of Specimens:4.2.1 BrickFor the modulus of rupture, compressivestrength, abrasion resistance,
21、 and absorption determinations, atleast ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additionalspecimens shall be selected from each additional 500 000 brickor fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at thediscretion of the pur
22、chaser.4.2.2 Structural Clay TileFor the weight determinationand for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least fivetile shall be selected from each lot of 250 tons (250 mt) orfraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shallbe tested for each 500 tons (500 mt) or fraction
23、thereof. In nocase shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimens aretaken at the discretion of the purchaser.4.2.3 Ceramic Glazed UnitsFor imperviousness, chemicalresistance, crazing, and opacity tests, select a representative of10 units for lots of 1 000 000 units, or fraction thereof. F
24、orlarger lots, select five additional specimens from each addi-tional 500 000 units, or fraction thereof. Do not use specimensselected for 4.2.1 or 4.2.2.4.3 IdentificationEach specimen shall be marked so that itis identifiable at any time. Markings shall cover not more than5 % of the superficial ar
25、ea of the specimen.5. Specimen Preparation5.1 Drying and Cooling:5.1.1 DryingDry the test specimens in a ventilated oven at221 to 239F (105 to 115C) for not less than 24 h and untiltwo successive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an incrementof loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previously det
26、erminedweight of the specimen.5.1.2 CoolingAfter drying, cool the specimens in a dryingroom maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C),with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the unitsfree from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for aperiod of at least 4 h and until the s
27、urface temperature is within5F (2.8C) of the drying room temperature. Do not usespecimens noticeably warm to the touch for any test requiringdry units. The specimens shall be stored in the drying roomwith the required temperature and humidity maintained untiltested.5.1.2.1 An alternative method of c
28、ooling the specimens toapproximate room temperature is permitted as follows: Storeunits, unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilated roommaintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), with arelative humidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of 4 h anduntil the surface temperature is with
29、in 5F (2.8C) of theventilated room temperature, with a current of air from anelectric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 hours.The specimens shall be stored in the ventilated room with therequired temperature and humidity maintained until tested.5.2 Weight Determination:5.2.1 Weigh fiv
30、e full size specimens that have been driedand cooled (see 5.1). The scale or balance used shall have acapacity of not less than 3000 g and shall be sensitive to 0.5 g.5.2.2 Report results separately for each specimen to thenearest 0.1 g, with the average of all specimens tested to thenearest 0.1 g.5
31、.3 Removal of Silicone Coatings from Brick UnitsThesilicone coatings intended to be removed by this process areany of the various polymeric organic silicone compounds usedfor water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 9506 50F (510 6 28C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a periodof not
32、 less than 3 hours. The rate of heating and cooling shallnot exceed 300F (149C) per hour.NOTE 2Additional specimen preparation requirements for specifictests are indicated in the individual test methods.6. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)6.1 Test SpecimensThe test specimens shall consist ofwhole fu
33、ll-size units that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1).Five such specimens shall be tested.6.2 Procedure:6.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified andreported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of thedepth of the unit) on a span approximately 1 in. (25 mm) lessthan
34、the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. Specimenshaving recesses (panels or depressions) shall be placed so thatsuch recesses are on the compression side. Apply the load tothe upper surface of the specimen through a steel bearing plate14 in. (6 mm) in thickness and 112 in. (38 mm) in width and
35、ofa length at least equal to the width of the specimen.6.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test specimen are freeto rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the testspecimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force inthese directions.6.2.3 Speed of TestingThe rate of loading
36、shall not exceed2000 lbf (9000 N)/min. This requirement is considered asbeing met when the speed of the moving head of the testingmachine immediately prior to application of the load is notmore than 0.05 in. (1.25 mm)/min.6.3 Calculation and Report:C67/C67M 1826.3.1 Calculate and report the modulus
37、of rupture of eachspecimen to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa) as follows:S 5 3Wl/2 2 x!/bd2(1)where:S = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane offailure, lb/in.2(Pa),W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, lbf(N),l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),b = net width, (face to fa
38、ce minus voids), of the specimenat the plane of failure, in. (mm),d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of the specimen atthe plane of failure, in. (mm), andx = average distance from the midspan of the specimen tothe plane of failure measured in the direction of thespan along the centerline of th
39、e bed surface subjected totension, in. (mm).6.3.2 Calculate and report the average of the modulus ofrupture determinations to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa).7. Compressive Strength7.1 Test Specimens:7.1.1 BrickThe test specimens shall consist of half brickunits that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1
40、), the full heightand width of the unit, with a length equal to one half the fulllength of the unit 61 in. (25 mm), except as described below.When the test specimen, described above, exceeds the testingmachine capacity, the test specimens shall consist of dry piecesof brick, the full height and widt
41、h of the unit, with a length notless than one quarter of the full length of the unit, and with agross cross-sectional area perpendicular to bearing not lessthan 14 in.2(90 cm2). Test specimens shall be obtained by anymethod that will produce, without shattering or cracking, aspecimen with approximat
42、ely plane and parallel ends. Fivespecimens shall be tested.7.1.2 Structural Clay TileTest five tile specimens thathave been dried and cooled (see 5.1) in a bearing bed lengthequal to the width 61 in. (25 mm); or test full-size units.7.2 Capping Test Specimens:7.2.1 All specimens shall be dry and coo
43、l within themeaning of 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 before any portion of the cappingprocedure is carried out.7.2.2 Fill recessed or paneled surfaces that will becomebearing surfaces during the compression test with a mortarcomposed of 1 part by weight of quick-hardening cementconforming to the requirements for
44、Type III cement of Speci-fication C150, and 2 parts by weight of sand. Age thespecimens at least 48 h before capping them. Where the recessexceeds12 in. (12.5 mm), use a brick or tile slab section ormetal plate as a core fill. Cap the test specimens using one ofthe two procedures described in 7.2.3
45、and 7.2.4.7.2.3 Gypsum CappingCoat the two opposite bearingsurfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to drythoroughly. Bed one of the dry shellacked surfaces of thespecimen in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum(plaster of paris) that has been spread on an oiled nonabsorbentplate, su
46、ch as glass or machined metal. The casting surfaceplate shall be plane within 0.003 in. (0.1 mm) in 16 in. (400mm) and sufficiently rigid; and so supported that it will not bemeasurably deflected during the capping operation. Lightlycoat it with oil or other suitable material. Repeat this procedurew
47、ith the other shellacked surface. Take care that the oppositebearing surfaces so formed will be approximately parallel andperpendicular to the vertical axis of the specimen and thethickness of the caps will be approximately the same and notexceeding18 in. (3 mm). Age the caps at least 24 h beforetes
48、ting the specimens.NOTE 3A rapid-setting industrial type gypsum is frequently used forcapping.7.2.4 Sulfur-Filler CappingUse a mixture containing 40to 60 weight % sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay orother suitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-m) sievewith or without plasticizer.
49、The casting surface plate require-ments shall be as described in 7.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25-mm)square steel bars on the surface plate to form a rectangularmold approximately12 in. (12.5 mm) greater in either insidedimension than the specimen. Heat the sulfur mixture in athermostatically controlled heating pot to a temperature suffi-cient to maintain fluidity for a reasonable period of time aftercontact with the surface being capped. Take care to preventoverheating, and stir the liquid in the pot just before use. Fillthe mold to a depth of14
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