ASTM C67-2013a Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile《砖块和结构粘土瓦取样和测试的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C67 13a American Association State Highway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: T 32-70Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C67; the number immediately following the designation indica

2、tes the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U

3、.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the samplingand testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although notnecessarily applicable to all types of units, tests includemodulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, satura-tion coefficient, effect of fr

4、eezing and thawing, efflorescence,initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size,warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods oftest pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included inSpecification C126.)1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhic

5、h provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test method should beevaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound un

6、its are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi

7、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Fac-ing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Mas

8、onry UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relat

9、ing to sampling andtesting brick, refer to Terminology E6 and Terminology C1232.4. Sampling4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test SpecimensFor thepurpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonryunits shall be selected by the purchaser or by the purchasersauthorized representative. Spec

10、imens shall be representative ofthe lot of units from which they are selected and shall includespecimens representative of the complete range of colors,textures, and sizes. Specimens shall be free of or brushed toremove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassoci-ated with the manufacturi

11、ng process. Brushes used to removeforeign material shall have bristles of plastic (polymer) orhorsehair. Wire brushes shall not be used for preparing speci-mens for testing. Specimens exhibiting foreign material that isnot removed by brushing shall be discarded to ensure thatdamaged or contaminated

12、specimens are not tested.4.2 Number of Specimens:4.2.1 BrickFor the modulus of rupture, compressivestrength, abrasion resistance, and absorption determinations, atleast ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additionalspecimens sh

13、all be selected from each additional 500 000 brickor fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.4.2.2 Structural Clay TileFor the weight determinationand for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least fivetile shall be selected from each lot of 250 to

14、ns (226.8 Mg) orfraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shallbe tested for each 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction thereof. Inno case shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimensare taken at the discretion of the purchaser.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction

15、of Committee C15 on Manufac-tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 onBrick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C67 13. DOI:10.1520/C0067-13A

16、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this sta

17、ndardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 IdentificationEach specimen shall be marked so that itis identifiable at any time. Markings shall cover not more than5 % of the superficial area of the specimen.5. Specimen Prep

18、aration5.1 Drying and Cooling:5.1.1 DryingDry the test specimens in a ventilated oven at230 to 239F (110 to 115C) for not less than 24 h and untiltwo successive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an incrementof loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previously determinedweight of the specimen.5.1.2

19、 CoolingAfter drying, cool the specimens in a dryingroom maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C),with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the unitsfree from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for aperiod of at least 4 h and until the surface temperature is within5F (2.8

20、C) of the drying room temperature. Do not usespecimens noticeably warm to the touch for any test requiringdry units. The specimens shall be stored in the drying roomwith the required temperature and humidity maintained untiltested.5.1.2.1 An alternative method of cooling the specimens toapproximate

21、room temperature is permitted as follows: Storeunits, unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilated roommaintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), with arelative humidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of 4 h anduntil the surface temperature is within 5F (2.8C) of theventilated room

22、temperature, with a current of air from anelectric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 hours.The specimens shall be stored in the ventilated room with therequired temperature and humidity maintained until tested.5.2 Weight Determination:5.2.1 Weigh five full size specimens that have bee

23、n driedand cooled (see 5.1). The scale or balance used shall have acapacity of not less than 3000 g and shall be sensitive to 0.5 g.5.2.2 Report results separately for each specimen to thenearest 0.1 g, with the average of all specimens tested to thenearest 0.1 g.5.3 Removal of Silicone Coatings fro

24、m Brick UnitsThesilicone coatings intended to be removed by this process areany of the various polymeric organic silicone compounds usedfor water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 9506 50F (510 6 28C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a periodof not less than 3 hours. The rate of hea

25、ting and cooling shallnot exceed 300F (149C) per hour.NOTE 2Additional specimen preparation requirements for specifictests are indicated in the individual test methods.6. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)6.1 Test SpecimensThe test specimens shall consist ofwhole full-size units that have been dried

26、and cooled (see 5.1).Five such specimens shall be tested.6.2 Procedure:6.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified andreported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of thedepth of the unit) on a span approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) lessthan the basic unit length and loaded

27、at midspan. Specimenshaving recesses (panels or depressions) shall be placed so thatsuch recesses are on the compression side. Apply the load tothe upper surface of the specimen through a steel bearing plate14 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness and 112 in. (38.10 mm) in widthand of a length at least equal t

28、o the width of the specimen.6.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test specimen are freeto rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the testspecimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force inthese directions.6.2.3 Speed of TestingThe rate of loading shall not exceed2000 lbf (8

29、896 N)/min. This requirement is considered asbeing met when the speed of the moving head of the testingmachine immediately prior to application of the load is notmore than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm)/min.6.3 Calculation and Report:6.3.1 Calculate and report the modulus of rupture of eachspecimen to the neare

30、st 1 psi (0.01 MPa) as follows:S 5 3Wl/2 2 x!/bd2(1)where:S = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane offailure, lb/in.2(Pa),W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, lbf(N),l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),b = net width, (face to face minus voids), of the specimenat the

31、plane of failure, in. (mm),d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of the specimen atthe plane of failure, in. (mm), andx = average distance from the midspan of the specimen tothe plane of failure measured in the direction of thespan along the centerline of the bed surface subjected totension, in.

32、(mm).6.3.2 Calculate and report the average of the modulus ofrupture determinations to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa).7. Compressive Strength7.1 Test Specimens:7.1.1 BrickThe test specimens shall consist of half brickunits that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1), the full heightand width of the unit

33、, with a length equal to one half the fulllength of the unit 61 in. (25.4 mm), except as described below.When the test specimen, described above, exceeds the testingmachine capacity, the test specimens shall consist of dry piecesof brick, the full height and width of the unit, with a length notless

34、than one quarter of the full length of the unit, and with agross cross-sectional area perpendicular to bearing not lessthan 14 in.2(90.3 cm2). Test specimens shall be obtained byany method that will produce, without shattering or cracking, aspecimen with approximately plane and parallel ends. Fivesp

35、ecimens shall be tested.7.1.2 Structural Clay TileTest five tile specimens thathave been dried and cooled (see 5.1) in a bearing bed lengthequal to the width 61 in. (25.4 mm); or test full-size units.7.2 Capping Test Specimens:7.2.1 All specimens shall be dry and cool within themeaning of 5.1.1 and

36、5.1.2 before any portion of the cappingprocedure is carried out.C67 13a27.2.2 Fill recessed or paneled surfaces that will becomebearing surfaces during the compression test with a mortarcomposed of 1 part by weight of quick-hardening cementconforming to the requirements for Type III cement of Speci-

37、fication C150, and 2 parts by weight of sand. Age thespecimens at least 48 h before capping them. Where the recessexceeds12 in. (12.7 mm), use a brick or tile slab section ormetal plate as a core fill. Cap the test specimens using one ofthe two procedures described in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4.7.2.3 Gypsum Ca

38、ppingCoat the two opposite bearingsurfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to drythoroughly. Bed one of the dry shellacked surfaces of thespecimen in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum(plaster of paris) that has been spread on an oiled nonabsorbentplate, such as glass or machined m

39、etal. The casting surfaceplate shall be plane within 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) in 16 in.(406.4 mm) and sufficiently rigid; and so supported that it willnot be measurably deflected during the capping operation.Lightly coat it with oil or other suitable material. Repeat thisprocedure with the other shellac

40、ked surface. Take care that theopposite bearing surfaces so formed will be approximatelyparallel and perpendicular to the vertical axis of the specimenand the thickness of the caps will be approximately the sameand not exceeding18 in. (3.18 mm). Age the caps at least 24 hbefore testing the specimens

41、.NOTE 3A rapid-setting industrial type gypsum is frequently used forcapping.7.2.4 Sulfur-Filler CappingUse a mixture containing 40to 60 weight % sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay orother suitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-m) sievewith or without plasticizer. The casting surfac

42、e plate require-ments shall be as described in 7.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25.4-mm)square steel bars on the surface plate to form a rectangularmold approximately12 in. (12.7 mm) greater in either insidedimension than the specimen. Heat the sulfur mixture in athermostatically controlled heating pot to a

43、 temperature suffi-cient to maintain fluidity for a reasonable period of time aftercontact with the surface being capped. Take care to preventoverheating, and stir the liquid in the pot just before use. Fillthe mold to a depth of14 in. (6.35 mm) with molten sulfurmaterial. Place the surface of the u

44、nit to be capped quickly inthe liquid, and hold the specimen so that its vertical axis is atright angles to the capping surface. The thickness of the capsshall be approximately the same. Allow the unit to remainundisturbed until solidification is complete. Allow the caps tocool for a minimum of 2 h

45、before testing the specimens.7.3 Procedure:7.3.1 Test brick specimens flatwise (that is, the load shall beapplied perpendicular to the bed surface of the brick with thebrick in the stretcher position). Test structural clay tile speci-mens in a position such that the load is applied in the samedirect

46、ion as in service. Center the specimens under the spheri-cal upper bearing within116 in. (1.59 mm).7.3.2 The testing machine shall conform to the requirementsof Practices E4.7.3.3 The upper bearing shall be a spherically seated,hardened metal block firmly attached at the center of the upperhead of t

47、he machine. The center of the sphere shall lie at thecenter of the surface of the block in contact with the specimen.The block shall be closely held in its spherical seat, but shall befree to turn in any direction, and its perimeter shall have at least14 in. (6.35 mm) clearance from the head to allo

48、w forspecimens whose bearing surfaces are not exactly parallel. Thediameter of the bearing surface shall be at least 5 in. (127.00mm). Use a hardened metal bearing block beneath the speci-men to minimize wear of the lower platen of the machine. Thebearing block surfaces intended for contact with the

49、 specimenshall have a hardness not less than HRC60 (HB 620). Thesesurfaces shall not depart from plane surfaces by more than0.001 in. (0.03 mm). When the bearing area of the sphericalbearing block is not sufficient to cover the area of the specimen,place a steel plate with surfaces machined to true planes within6 0.001 in. (0.03 mm), and with a thickness equal to at leastone third of the distance from the edge of the spherical bearingto the most distant corner between the spherical bearing blockand the capped specimen.7.3.4 Speed of Testing