ASTM C685 C685M-2011 Standard Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing《容积式分批制和连续混合制混凝土标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation:C685/C685M10 Designation: C685/C685M 11Standard Specification forConcrete Made by Volumetric Batching and ContinuousMixing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C685/C685M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This spe

3、cification covers concrete made from materials continuously batched by volume, mixed in a continuous mixer, anddelivered to the purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality of concreteshall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by

4、the purchaser. When the requirements of the purchaser differ from thisspecification, the purchasers specification shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, finishing,curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser. Tests and criteria for batc

5、hing accuracy and mixing efficiencyare specified herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the

6、other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excludingthose in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specif

7、ication.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFre

8、sh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for

9、Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens C94/C94MC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve A

10、nalysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete b

11、y the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC567

12、Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.40 onReady-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Publishe

13、d March 2010. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C685/C685M07. DOI:10.1520/C0685_C0685M-10.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C685/C685M10. DOI:10.1520/C0685_C0685M

14、-11.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, r

15、efer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all

16、 changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 1

17、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemic

18、al Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1157 Performance Specification for

19、 Hydraulic CementC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of Concrete Field Testing Technician-Grade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and

20、 Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete304.6R Guide for Use of Volumetric-Measuring and Continuous-Mixing Concrete Equipment305R Hot Weather Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Buildi

21、ng Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary2.3 Other Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual5VMMB 100-01 Volumetric Mixer Standards of the Volumetric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau63. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Termin

22、ology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 manufacturer, nof concrete, the producer of the concrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nof concrete, the buyer of the concrete.4. Basis of Purchase4.1The4.1 The basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubic metre of fresh concrete as it is

23、continuously discharged fromthe batching and mixing apparatus.4.2The4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be determined by, or calculated from, a calibrated indicatingdevice driven directly by the batching apparatus.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete

24、 may be, or may appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the manufacturer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specifications cove

25、ring requirements for quality of materials, the followingspecifications shall govern:5.1.1 CementCement shall conform to Specification C150, Specification C595, or Specification C1157 (Note 2). Thepurchaser shall specify the type or types required, but if no type is specified, the requirements of Ty

26、pe I as prescribed inSpecification C150 shall apply.NOTE 2These different cements will produce concretes of different properties and should not be used interchangeably.5.1.2 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conform to Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C3

27、30 and heavyweight aggregates shall conform to Specification C637.5.1.3 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.1.4 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagGround granulated blast furnace slag shall conform to Specification C989.5.1.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixtures s

28、hall conform to Specification C260. (Note 3)5.1.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall conform to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M, asapplicable (Note 3).NOTE 3In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining, accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Theref

29、ore, a range of dosagesshould be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D

30、C 20402.6Available from the Volumetric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau, 900 Spring Street, Silver Spring, MD 20910, www.vmmb.org.C685/C685M 1126. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size or size

31、s of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump or slumps desired at the point of delivery (see 10.3),6.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air content of samples taken at the point of discharge from the transportationunit (see 10.4 and Table 1 for the total air content and tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.

32、4 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, the density as fresh density, equilibrium density, or oven-dry density(Note 5), and6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality (see 6.2, 6.3, or 6.4).NOT

33、E 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser should consider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected. Aircontents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the required resistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose of air-entrained concrete.Air co

34、ntents higher than the levels shown may reduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durability.NOTE 5The density of fresh concrete, which is the only density determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the equilibrium density,or oven-dry density. Definitions of, a

35、nd methods for determining or calculating equilibrium density and oven-dry density, are covered in Test MethodC567.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions for theconcrete mixture, the purchaser shall also spec

36、ify the following in addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through 6.1.5:6.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as determined on samples taken from the mixer at the point of discharge andevaluated in accordance with Section 11. The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the comp

37、ressive strength ofstandard specimens cured under standard curing conditions for moist curing. Unless otherwise specified, the age at test shall be28 days, and6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement tothe purcha

38、ser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturated surface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, type, andname of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the manufacture of eachclass of concrete ordered by the purchaser. The manuf

39、acturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that thematerials to be used and proportions selected will produce concrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the proportioning of the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall also

40、specifythe following in addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through 6.1.5:6.3.1.1 Cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yard or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete, or equivalent units,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons per cubic yard or litres or kilograms per cubic metre o

41、f concrete orequivalent units, including surface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of absorption (Note 6), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and dosage range to be used. Those employed for air-entrainment or forcontrol of set (acceleration, retardation) shall have

42、maximum limitations set as to dosage. Admixtures shall not be used as asubstitute for a portion of specified amounts of cement without the written approval of the purchaser.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he assumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements fo

43、r workability,placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to ACI Standard Practice 211.1for normal weight concrete, and ACI Standard Practice 211.2 for lightweight concrete, for the selection of proportions that will r

44、esult in concrete suitablefor various types of structures and conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural lightweight concretes cannot be determined withsufficient accuracy for use as a specification basis.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, prior to

45、the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement tothe purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve analyses of the aggregates and the dry mass of cement and saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cub

46、ic yardor cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.6.4 Option C:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions for the concretemixture with the minimum allowable c

47、ement content specified, the purchaser shall also specify the following in addition to therequirements of 6.1.1 through 6.1.5:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined on samples taken from the mixer at the point of discharge and evaluatedin accordance with Section 11. The purchaser shall

48、specify the requirements for strength in terms of tests of standard specimenscured under standard curing conditions for moist curing. Unless otherwise specified, the age at test shall be 28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yard or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete

49、(Note 7), and6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and dosage range to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced whenadmixtures are used.6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement tothe purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturated surface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, type, andC685/C685M 113name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the manufacture of eachclass of c