ASTM C717-2012b Standard Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants《建筑物密封件和密封剂的标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: C717 12bStandard Terminology ofBuilding Seals and Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard describes terms and definitions and de-scriptions of terms used in test methods, specifications, guides,and practices (related to building seals

3、and sealants) consistentwith the scope and areas of interest of ASTM Committee C24.1.2 Definitions and descriptions of terms are written toensure that building seals and sealants standards are properlyunderstood and interpreted.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A644 Terminology Relating to

4、Iron CastingsC509 Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gas-ket and Sealing MaterialC542 Specification for Lock-Strip GasketsC716 Specification for Installing Lock-Strip Gaskets andInfill Glazing MaterialsC790 Guide for Use of Latex Sealants (Withdrawn 1992)3C797 Practices for Use of Oil-

5、 and Resin-Based Putty andGlazing Compounds (Withdrawn 2002)3C961 Test Method for Lap Shear Strength of SealantsC964 Guide for Lock-Strip Gasket GlazingC1021 Practice for Laboratories Engaged in Testing ofBuilding SealantsC1193 Guide for Use of Joint SealantsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD107

6、9 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD1565 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials-VinylChloride Polymers and Copolymers (Open-Cell Foam)(Withdrawn 1998)3D1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD2102 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (BundleTest)E631 Terminology of Building

7、 Constructions3. Significance and Use3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms and their related standard definitions in Section4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all buildingseals and sealants test methods, specifications, guides, andpractices. The purpose of such use is to promote a clearunder

8、standing and interpretation of the standards in which theyare used.3.1.2 Definitions of terms are written in the broadest sensepossible, consistent with the intended meaning. Definitionshave not been limited to a specific technical field when theycan have a multi-field application.3.1.3 The definiti

9、on of a term that can have differentmeanings in different technical fields is preceded by a phraselimiting it to the specific field intended, that is, “in buildingconstruction.”3.2 Description of Terms:3.2.1 Descriptions of Terms are special purpose definitionsintended to provide a precise understan

10、ding and interpretationof the seals and sealants standards in which they are used.3.2.2 A specific description of a term is applicable to thestandard or standards in which the term is described and used.3.2.3 Each standard in which a term is used, in a speciallydefined manner, should list the term a

11、nd its description underthe subheading, descriptions of terms.4. Terminology4.1 Terms and Definitions:adhesion failure, nin building construction, failure of thebond between a sealant and a substrate.DISCUSSIONThis definition pertains to interfacial adhesion failure, alack of bond at the interface b

12、etween the materials. Interphasaladhesion failure, within the sealant or substrate near the interface, isless common and may appear to be interfacial without the use ofmagnification.adhesive failure, nuse adhesion failure (preferred term).aerosol container, empty, nin building construction,anaerosol

13、 container is considered empty when the product flowreaches 0.5 g per second or less.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 onBuilding Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.01on Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants.The boldface desig

14、nations refer to the original source of the definition and theASTM Technical Committee having jurisdiction.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C717 12a. DOI:10.1520/C0717-12B.2For referenced ASTM standa

15、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copy

16、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1back bedding, nSee bedding.back putty, nSee bedding.back-up materialSee sealant backing.bead, nin building construction, in sealants and glazing, astrip of applied sealant, glazing compound,

17、 or putty.bed, vin building construction in glazing, to apply a bead ofsealant between a lite of glass or a panel and the stationarystops or sight bars of the sash or frame.bed, nSee bedding.bedding, nin building construction in glazing, a bead ofsealant applied between a lite of glass or a panel an

18、d thestationary stop or sight bar of the sash or frame. It is usuallythe first bead to be applied when setting glass or panels.bite, nin building construction in glazing, the effectivestructural contact dimension of a structural sealant. (See Fig.1 and Fig. 2.)bloom, nin building construction, a sub

19、stance formed byblooming.blooming, vin building construction, movement or diffusionof a component such as a plasticizer, monomer, unreactedpolymer or other formulation ingredient to a seal or sealantsurface.bond breakerin building construction, a material to preventadhesion at a designated interface

20、.Fig. 3.)caulk, vin building construction, to install or apply a sealantacross or into a joint, crack, or crevice.caulk, nSee sealant.caulking, nSee sealant.caulking compound, nSee sealant.cell, na single small cavity surrounded partially or com-pletely by walls. D1566;D11FIG. 1 Typical Structural S

21、ealant Joint ConfigurationsC717 12b2cellular material, na generic term for materials containingmany cells (either open, closed, or both) dispersed throughthe mass. D1565, D1566;D11chalk, nin building construction, a powder formed bychalkingDISCUSSIONThe powder is not necessarily white.chalking, vin

22、building construction, formation of a powderon the surface of a sealant that is caused by the disintegrationof the polymer or binding medium due to weathering.DISCUSSIONChalk on a light color sealant is often white, however adarker color can also exhibit chalking.closed cell, na cell totally enclose

23、d by its walls and hence notinterconnecting with other cells. D883; D20closed cell material, na cellular material in which substan-tially all cells in the mass are closed cells.cohesive failure, nin building construction, failure charac-terized by rupture within the sealant, adhesive, or patibility,

24、 nin building construction, the capability oftwo or more materials to be placed in contact, or near enoughto interact, with no detrimental patible materials, nSee pound, nan intimate mixture of all the ingredientsnecessary for a finished material or product.crazed, adjin building construction, havin

25、g a random net-work of cracks in a sealant surface which do not penetratethrough the body of the material.crazed, adjin building construction, exhibiting crazing.crazing, nin building construction, a network of fine cracksin the surface of a sealant.DISCUSSIONCrazing may or may not affect product pe

26、rformance.crazing, vin building construction, the formation of anetwork of random surface cracks in a sealant.creep, nthe time dependent part of a strain resulting fromstress. D1079; D08cure, vin building construction, to attain the intended per-formance properties of a compound by means ofevaporati

27、on, chemical reaction, heat, radiation, or combina-tions thereof.cure, nin building construction, the process by which acompound attains its intended performance properties bymeans of evaporation, chemical reaction, heat, radiation, orcombinations thereof.cure time, functional, nin building construc

28、tion, the periodbetween application and the point in time that a sealantattains properties necessary to perform a specific function orin a given application.DISCUSSIONFunctional cure time does not imply complete devel-opment of chemical, physical, or mechanical properties.cure time, laboratory, nin

29、building construction, the periodbetween application and the point in time when laboratorytesting of a sealant begins as set forth in the procedure of atest method.cured, adjin building construction, pertaining to the state ofa compound that has attained its intended performanceproperties by means o

30、f evaporation, chemical reaction, heat,radiation, or combinations thereof.design life, nin building construction, the period of timeafter installation during which a seal or sealant is expected toperform its stated intended function(s) with proper mainte-nance.DISCUSSIONProper maintenance includes,

31、among others, replace-ment of discrete localized failures.FIG. 2 Applied Load Transfer at a Vertical Corner Structural Sealant Joint (see Fig. 1 for Legend)C717 12b3dirt pick-up, nin building construction, soiling caused by aforeign material other than micro-organism growth that isdeposited on, adhe

32、red to, or embedded into a sealant.DISCUSSIONMicro-organism growth can produce a similar appear-ance.durabilityin building construction, the ability of a seal orsealant to perform its required functions over a period oftime within the environment to which it is exposed.DISCUSSIONA seal or sealants r

33、equired functions may includeaesthetic, economic, and functional performance considerations, amongothers.durability limit, nsee the preferred term, service life.elastomer, nfor gaskets and couplings for plumbing andsewer piping, a macromolecular material that returns rapidlyto approximately its orig

34、inal dimensions and shape aftersubstantial deformation by a weak force and release of theforce.DISCUSSIONa) Elastomers are divided into two major polymersystems-thermoset and theromplastic. b) In standards for rubber, theword elastomer is not to be used interchangeably for the term “rubber”.D1566;D1

35、1elastomer, nin building construction in glazing, a macromo-lecular material, which deformed within its service tempera-ture range, is capable of recovering substantially in size andshape after removal of a deforming force.elastomer, thermoplastic, na material having the generalproperties of an elas

36、tomer and capable of being repeatedlysoftened by heat and hardened to shape by cooling withoutsignificant degradation of the polymer system.DISCUSSIONThermoplastic elastomers have some of the propertiesof thermoset elastomers, but are typically more thermally and pressuresensitive and more sensitive

37、 to solvents.elastomer, thermoset, nan elastomeric material that attainsits intended properties by an irreversible cross-linking reac-tion caused by heat alone, heat with a cross-linking agent,chemical interaction, or by radiation; whereby after cross-linking, any reprocessing with heat and pressure

38、 will se-verely degrade the material.DISCUSSIONCross-linking renders the material substantially in-soluble in organic solvents (can swell), less plastic, and with improvedelastic and mechanical properties (compared to its uncured state) overan extended temperature range.elastomeric, adjhaving the ch

39、aracteristics of an elastomer.elongation, nextension produced by a tensile stress. D1566;D11extrudability, nin building construction, the ability of asealant under pressure to flow through an orifice.flow, vin building construction, the deformation of a tapesealant under stress.fluid migration, nin

40、building construction, accumulation ofa fluid from a sealant on or in an adjacent material.DISCUSSIONMigration of a non-fluid component can also occur.gasket, nany preformed, deformable device designed to beplaced between two adjoining parts to provide a seal.gasket, compression, na gasket designed

41、to be used undercompression.gasket, lock-strip, nin building construction, a gasket inwhich sealing pressure is attained by inserting a keyedlocking strip into a mating keyed groove in one face of thegasket.glazing, vin building construction, the installation of glass orother materials in prepared o

42、penings.glazing, butt, nin building construction, a glazing systemwherein butt joints are formed between lites and filled witha glazing sealant.glazing, compression, nsee glazing system, compression.glazing, compression, vin building construction, the act ofinstalling components into a compression g

43、lazing system.ASealantBSealant backingCBond breakerDJointESubstrate faceFSubstrate edgeFIG. 3 Butt Sealant JointC717 12b4glazing, construction site, nin building construction, theinstallation of glass or panels into a metal framing system, ata construction site, under generally uncontrolled environ-

44、mental conditions.glazing, face, nthe method of glazing in which a rabbetedglazing recess, with no removable stop, is used and atriangular bead of compound is applied to the face of the liteand extended onto the recess.glazing, factory, nSee glazing, shop.glazing, field, nSee glazing, construction s

45、ite.glazing, four-side structural sealant, nin buildingconstruction, a glazing system wherein all sides of arectangular-shaped lite or panel are structural sealant glazed.glazing, needlein building construction, the application of asmall bead of a sealant at the sight line adhering to the sashand gl

46、ass or panel by means of a nozzle with an orifice notexceeding 3.18 mm 18 in. in diameter.glazing, non-compression, nsee glazing system, non-compression.glazing, non-compression, vin building construction, theact of installing components into a non-compression glazingsystem.glazing, protective, nin

47、building construction, systems withglazed openings that are designed to mitigate the effects ofbomb blasts, projectiles, natural disasters, or forced entry.DISCUSSIONProtective glazing systems assist in the mitigation ofthe potential for hazardous debris dispersal from natural disasters,withstand pr

48、ojectile impact and resist unauthorized human entrythrough glazed openings. Protective glazing systems include theselection of an appropriate glazing material, the design of metalframing members and their anchorages, and the retention of the glazingmaterial within the framing all to resist a specifi

49、ed threat.glazing, shop, nin building construction, the installation ofglass or panels into a metal framing system under controlledenvironmental conditions.DISCUSSIONShop glazing typically occurs at a location remote to aconstruction site. However, shop glazing can be performed at theconstruction site if acceptable to the code authority and providedappropriate management controls and environmental conditions aremaintained.glazing, stoplessSee glazi